diff --git a/internal/agent/api/provider.go b/internal/agent/api/provider.go
index 338d604..4d764b3 100644
--- a/internal/agent/api/provider.go
+++ b/internal/agent/api/provider.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
@@ -81,10 +82,11 @@ func (r *CompletionRequest) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 }
 
 type CompletionResponse struct {
-	Content      string     `json:"content"`
-	FinishReason string     `json:"finish_reason,omitempty"`
-	TokenUsage   TokenUsage `json:"token_usage,omitempty"`
-	ToolCalls    []ToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	Content          string     `json:"content"`
+	ReasoningContent string     `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
+	FinishReason     string     `json:"finish_reason,omitempty"`
+	TokenUsage       TokenUsage `json:"token_usage,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls        []ToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type TokenUsage struct {
@@ -349,68 +351,202 @@ func (p *OllamaProvider) ChatStream(ctx context.Context, req *CompletionRequest)
 	return ch, nil
 }
 
+// LuaAdaptedProvider 使用 Lua 脚本做请求/响应变换，直接发起 HTTP 调用
+// 不再包裹其他 Provider，协议差异全部在 Lua 层处理
 type LuaAdaptedProvider struct {
-	name     string
-	base     Provider
-	vm       *luaVM.VM
-	adapter  string
+	name    string
+	cfg     BaseConfig
+	vm      *luaVM.VM
+	adapter string
+	client  *http.Client
 }
 
-func NewLuaAdaptedProvider(base Provider, vm *luaVM.VM, adapter string) *LuaAdaptedProvider {
+func NewLuaAdaptedProvider(cfg BaseConfig, vm *luaVM.VM, adapter string) *LuaAdaptedProvider {
+	if cfg.Temperature == 0 {
+		cfg.Temperature = 0.7
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxTokens == 0 {
+		cfg.MaxTokens = 4096
+	}
 	return &LuaAdaptedProvider{
 		name:    fmt.Sprintf("lua_%s", adapter),
-		base:    base,
+		cfg:     cfg,
 		vm:      vm,
 		adapter: adapter,
+		client:  &http.Client{Timeout: 120 * time.Second},
 	}
 }
 
 func (p *LuaAdaptedProvider) Name() string { return p.name }
 
 func (p *LuaAdaptedProvider) Chat(ctx context.Context, req *CompletionRequest) (*CompletionResponse, error) {
-	inputMap := map[string]interface{}{
-		"model":     req.Model,
-		"messages":  messagesToMap(req.Messages),
-		"temperature": req.Temperature,
-		"max_tokens":  req.MaxTokens,
-		"stream":     false,
+	if req.Model == "" {
+		req.Model = p.cfg.Model
 	}
 
-	transformed, err := p.vm.CallTransform(p.adapter, inputMap)
+	rawReq, _ := json.Marshal(req)
+
+	transformedBody, err := p.vm.CallTransformRequest(p.adapter, string(rawReq))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lua transform: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lua transform_request: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	transformedReq := &CompletionRequest{
-		Model:       getString(transformed, "model"),
-		Temperature: getFloat(transformed, "temperature"),
-		MaxTokens:   int(getFloat(transformed, "max_tokens")),
-		Stream:      false,
+	endpoint := p.vm.GetAdapterEndpoint(p.adapter)
+	if endpoint == "" {
+		endpoint = "/chat/completions"
 	}
+	url := strings.TrimRight(p.cfg.BaseURL, "/") + endpoint
 
-	if msgs, ok := transformed["messages"].([]interface{}); ok {
-		for _, m := range msgs {
-			if mm, ok := m.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-				transformedReq.Messages = append(transformedReq.Messages, Message{
-					Role:    getString(mm, "role"),
-					Content: getString(mm, "content"),
-				})
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	resp, err := p.base.Chat(ctx, transformedReq)
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, strings.NewReader(transformedBody))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+p.cfg.APIKey)
+
+	for k, v := range p.vm.GetAdapterHeaders(p.adapter) {
+		httpReq.Header.Set(k, v)
 	}
 
-	return resp, nil
+	resp, err := p.client.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("api call: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	rawResp, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("api error %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(rawResp))
+	}
+
+	unifiedJSON, err := p.vm.CallTransformResponse(p.adapter, string(rawResp))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lua transform_response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var result CompletionResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(unifiedJSON), &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal unified response: %w (body: %s)", err, unifiedJSON)
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
 }
 
 func (p *LuaAdaptedProvider) ChatStream(ctx context.Context, req *CompletionRequest) (<-chan StreamChunk, error) {
-	return p.base.ChatStream(ctx, req)
+	if req.Model == "" {
+		req.Model = p.cfg.Model
+	}
+	req.Stream = true
+	rawReq, _ := json.Marshal(req)
+
+	transformedBody, err := p.vm.CallTransformRequest(p.adapter, string(rawReq))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lua transform_request (stream): %w", err)
+	}
+
+	endpoint := p.vm.GetAdapterEndpoint(p.adapter)
+	if endpoint == "" {
+		endpoint = "/chat/completions"
+	}
+	url := strings.TrimRight(p.cfg.BaseURL, "/") + endpoint
+
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, strings.NewReader(transformedBody))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create stream request: %w", err)
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+p.cfg.APIKey)
+
+	for k, v := range p.vm.GetAdapterHeaders(p.adapter) {
+		httpReq.Header.Set(k, v)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := p.client.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stream api: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan StreamChunk, 64)
+	go func() {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		defer close(ch)
+
+		scanner := NewSSEScanner(resp.Body)
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Text()
+			if line == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// 尝试用 Lua 变换流块（如果 adapter 定义了 transform_stream_chunk）
+			unified, err := p.vm.CallTransformStreamChunk(p.adapter, line)
+			if err != nil || unified == line {
+				// 无流变换函数或变换透传，尝试标准 SSE 解析
+				var raw struct {
+					Choices []struct {
+						Delta struct {
+							Content string `json:"content"`
+						} `json:"delta"`
+						FinishReason *string `json:"finish_reason"`
+					} `json:"choices"`
+				}
+				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(unified), &raw); err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				if len(raw.Choices) > 0 {
+					ch <- StreamChunk{
+						Content: raw.Choices[0].Delta.Content,
+						Done:    raw.Choices[0].FinishReason != nil,
+					}
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Lua 返回了变换后的统一格式
+			var chunk StreamChunk
+			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(unified), &chunk); err == nil {
+				ch <- chunk
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return ch, nil
 }
 
+// SSEScanner 读取 SSE 格式的流（data: ...）
+type SSEScanner struct {
+	reader  *bufio.Reader
+	pending string
+}
+
+func NewSSEScanner(r io.Reader) *SSEScanner {
+	return &SSEScanner{reader: bufio.NewReader(r)}
+}
+
+func (s *SSEScanner) Scan() bool {
+	s.pending = ""
+	for {
+		line, err := s.reader.ReadString('\n')
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r\n")
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
+			s.pending = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
+			if s.pending == "[DONE]" {
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *SSEScanner) Text() string { return s.pending }
+
 type ProviderManager struct {
 	mu        sync.RWMutex
 	providers map[string]Provider
diff --git a/internal/lua/adapters/deepseek.lua b/internal/lua/adapters/deepseek.lua
index 3f0362f..0675dd1 100644
--- a/internal/lua/adapters/deepseek.lua
+++ b/internal/lua/adapters/deepseek.lua
@@ -1,22 +1,74 @@
 local adapter = {}
 
 adapter.name = "deepseek"
-adapter.version = "1.0.0"
+adapter.version = "2.0.0"
+adapter.endpoint = "/chat/completions"
+adapter.headers = {}
 
-function adapter.transform_request(input)
-    local messages = input.messages or {}
-    local result = {
-        model = input.model or "deepseek-chat",
-        messages = messages,
-        temperature = input.temperature or 0.0,
-        max_tokens = input.max_tokens or 4096,
-        stream = input.stream or false
-    }
-    return result
+-- DeepSeek 格式与 OpenAI 兼容，只需要强制 temperature=0（禁用 thinking）
+function adapter.transform_request(raw_body)
+    local ok, req = pcall(json.decode, raw_body)
+    if not ok then return raw_body end
+    req.model = req.model or "deepseek-chat"
+    req.temperature = 0.0
+    req.stream = req.stream or false
+    return json.encode(req)
 end
 
-function adapter.transform_response(raw)
-    return raw
+function adapter.transform_response(raw_body)
+    local ok, resp = pcall(json.decode, raw_body)
+    if not ok then return raw_body end
+
+    local unified = {
+        content = "",
+        finish_reason = "",
+        token_usage = { prompt = 0, completion = 0, total = 0 }
+    }
+
+    if resp.usage then
+        unified.token_usage.prompt = resp.usage.prompt_tokens or 0
+        unified.token_usage.completion = resp.usage.completion_tokens or 0
+        unified.token_usage.total = resp.usage.total_tokens or 0
+    end
+
+    if resp.choices and #resp.choices > 0 then
+        local ch = resp.choices[1]
+        if ch.message then
+            unified.content = ch.message.content or ""
+            if ch.message.reasoning_content then
+                unified.reasoning_content = ch.message.reasoning_content
+            end
+            if ch.message.tool_calls then
+                local tcs = {}
+                for _, tc in ipairs(ch.message.tool_calls) do
+                    local args_ok, args = pcall(json.decode, tc["function"].arguments)
+                    if not args_ok then args = {} end
+                    table.insert(tcs, {
+                        id = tc.id,
+                        type = tc.type or "function",
+                        name = tc["function"].name,
+                        arguments = args
+                    })
+                end
+                unified.tool_calls = tcs
+            end
+        end
+        unified.finish_reason = ch.finish_reason or ""
+    end
+
+    return json.encode(unified)
+end
+
+function adapter.transform_stream_chunk(raw_chunk)
+    local ok, chunk = pcall(json.decode, raw_chunk)
+    if not ok then return "" end
+    if not chunk.choices or #chunk.choices == 0 then return "" end
+    local delta = chunk.choices[1].delta or {}
+    local fr = chunk.choices[1].finish_reason
+    return json.encode({
+        content = delta.content or "",
+        done = (fr ~= nil)
+    })
 end
 
 return adapter
diff --git a/internal/lua/adapters/ollama.lua b/internal/lua/adapters/ollama.lua
index ff7ce94..a931045 100644
--- a/internal/lua/adapters/ollama.lua
+++ b/internal/lua/adapters/ollama.lua
@@ -1,24 +1,63 @@
 local adapter = {}
 
 adapter.name = "ollama"
-adapter.version = "1.0.0"
+adapter.version = "2.0.0"
+adapter.endpoint = "/api/chat"
+adapter.headers = {}
 
-function adapter.transform_request(input)
-    local messages = input.messages or {}
-    local result = {
-        model = input.model or "llama3",
-        messages = messages,
-        stream = input.stream or false,
+-- Ollama API 格式：{ model, messages, stream, options:{temperature,num_predict} }
+function adapter.transform_request(raw_body)
+    local ok, req = pcall(json.decode, raw_body)
+    if not ok then return raw_body end
+
+    local ollama_req = {
+        model = req.model or "llama3",
+        stream = req.stream or false,
         options = {
-            temperature = input.temperature or 0.7,
-            num_predict = input.max_tokens or 2048
+            temperature = req.temperature or 0.7,
+            num_predict = req.max_tokens or 2048
         }
     }
-    return result
+
+    -- 转换 messages 格式（Ollama 兼容 OpenAI 的 messages 格式）
+    if req.messages then
+        local msgs = {}
+        for _, m in ipairs(req.messages) do
+            table.insert(msgs, { role = m.role, content = m.content })
+        end
+        ollama_req.messages = msgs
+    end
+
+    return json.encode(ollama_req)
 end
 
-function adapter.transform_response(raw)
-    return raw
+function adapter.transform_response(raw_body)
+    local ok, resp = pcall(json.decode, raw_body)
+    if not ok then return raw_body end
+
+    local unified = {
+        content = "",
+        finish_reason = resp.done_reason or "",
+        tool_calls = {},
+        usage = { prompt = 0, completion = 0, total = 0 }
+    }
+
+    if resp.message then
+        unified.content = resp.message.content or ""
+    end
+
+    return json.encode(unified)
+end
+
+function adapter.transform_stream_chunk(raw_chunk)
+    local ok, chunk = pcall(json.decode, raw_chunk)
+    if not ok then return "" end
+    if not chunk.message then return "" end
+
+    return json.encode({
+        content = chunk.message.content or "",
+        done = chunk.done or false
+    })
 end
 
 return adapter
diff --git a/internal/lua/adapters/openai.lua b/internal/lua/adapters/openai.lua
index ef4a9d3..288662f 100644
--- a/internal/lua/adapters/openai.lua
+++ b/internal/lua/adapters/openai.lua
@@ -1,22 +1,76 @@
 local adapter = {}
 
 adapter.name = "openai"
-adapter.version = "1.0.0"
+adapter.version = "2.0.0"
+adapter.endpoint = "/chat/completions"
+adapter.headers = {}
 
-function adapter.transform_request(input)
-    local messages = input.messages or {}
-    local result = {
-        model = input.model or "gpt-4",
-        messages = messages,
-        temperature = input.temperature or 0.7,
-        max_tokens = input.max_tokens or 2048,
-        stream = input.stream or false
-    }
-    return result
+-- raw_body: JSON string as received from Go (CompletionRequest marshalled)
+-- return: transformed JSON string to send to API
+function adapter.transform_request(raw_body)
+    return raw_body
 end
 
-function adapter.transform_response(raw)
-    return raw
+-- raw_body: JSON string from HTTP response body
+-- return: unified JSON string in CompletionResponse format
+function adapter.transform_response(raw_body)
+    local ok, resp = pcall(json.decode, raw_body)
+    if not ok then return raw_body end
+
+    local unified = {
+        content = "",
+        finish_reason = "",
+        token_usage = { prompt = 0, completion = 0, total = 0 }
+    }
+
+    if resp.usage then
+        unified.token_usage.prompt = resp.usage.prompt_tokens or 0
+        unified.token_usage.completion = resp.usage.completion_tokens or 0
+        unified.token_usage.total = resp.usage.total_tokens or 0
+    end
+
+    if resp.choices and #resp.choices > 0 then
+        local ch = resp.choices[1]
+        if ch.message then
+            unified.content = ch.message.content or ""
+            if ch.message.reasoning_content then
+                unified.reasoning_content = ch.message.reasoning_content
+            end
+            if ch.message.tool_calls then
+                local tcs = {}
+                for _, tc in ipairs(ch.message.tool_calls) do
+                    local args_ok, args = pcall(json.decode, tc["function"].arguments)
+                    if not args_ok then args = {} end
+                    table.insert(tcs, {
+                        id = tc.id,
+                        type = tc.type or "function",
+                        name = tc["function"].name,
+                        arguments = args
+                    })
+                end
+                unified.tool_calls = tcs
+            end
+        end
+        unified.finish_reason = ch.finish_reason or ""
+    end
+
+    return json.encode(unified)
+end
+
+-- raw_chunk: single SSE data line (after "data: " prefix)
+-- return: unified chunk JSON string, or "" to skip
+function adapter.transform_stream_chunk(raw_chunk)
+    local ok, chunk = pcall(json.decode, raw_chunk)
+    if not ok then return "" end
+
+    if not chunk.choices or #chunk.choices == 0 then return "" end
+    local delta = chunk.choices[1].delta or {}
+    local fr = chunk.choices[1].finish_reason
+
+    return json.encode({
+        content = delta.content or "",
+        done = (fr ~= nil)
+    })
 end
 
 return adapter
diff --git a/internal/lua/vm.go b/internal/lua/vm.go
index 0b0efcc..caf971d 100644
--- a/internal/lua/vm.go
+++ b/internal/lua/vm.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package lua
 
 import (
 	"embed"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -53,9 +54,27 @@ func (v *VM) Start() error {
 		return 0
 	}))
 
-	v.state.SetGlobal("json_encode", v.state.NewFunction(func(L *lua.LState) int {
+	jsonTable := v.state.NewTable()
+	v.state.SetGlobal("json", jsonTable)
+	v.state.SetField(jsonTable, "encode", v.state.NewFunction(func(L *lua.LState) int {
 		val := L.CheckAny(1)
-		L.Push(lua.LString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", val)))
+		goVal := luaValueToGo(val)
+		b, err := json.Marshal(goVal)
+		if err != nil {
+			L.Push(lua.LString("null"))
+			return 1
+		}
+		L.Push(lua.LString(string(b)))
+		return 1
+	}))
+	v.state.SetField(jsonTable, "decode", v.state.NewFunction(func(L *lua.LState) int {
+		str := L.CheckString(1)
+		var val interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(str), &val); err != nil {
+			L.Push(lua.LNil)
+			return 1
+		}
+		L.Push(goValueToLua(L, val))
 		return 1
 	}))
 
@@ -143,13 +162,13 @@ func (v *VM) LoadAdapter(path string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (v *VM) CallTransform(name string, input map[string]interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (v *VM) CallTransformRequest(name, rawJSON string) (string, error) {
 	v.mu.Lock()
 	adapter, ok := v.loaded[name]
 	v.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("adapter %s not loaded", name)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("adapter %s not loaded", name)
 	}
 
 	v.mu.Lock()
@@ -157,35 +176,29 @@ func (v *VM) CallTransform(name string, input map[string]interface{}) (map[strin
 
 	fn := adapter.RawGetString("transform_request")
 	if fn == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("adapter %s missing transform_request", name)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("adapter %s missing transform_request", name)
 	}
 
-	inputTable := mapToTable(v.state, input)
 	v.state.Push(fn)
-	v.state.Push(inputTable)
+	v.state.Push(lua.LString(rawJSON))
 
 	if err := v.state.PCall(1, 1, nil); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transform_request: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("transform_request: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	result := v.state.Get(-1)
 	v.state.Pop(1)
 
-	resultTable, ok := result.(*lua.LTable)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transform_request must return a table")
-	}
-
-	return tableToMap(resultTable), nil
+	return result.String(), nil
 }
 
-func (v *VM) CallResponseTransform(name string, raw []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func (v *VM) CallTransformResponse(name, rawJSON string) (string, error) {
 	v.mu.Lock()
 	adapter, ok := v.loaded[name]
 	v.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if !ok {
-		return raw, nil
+		return rawJSON, nil
 	}
 
 	v.mu.Lock()
@@ -193,20 +206,94 @@ func (v *VM) CallResponseTransform(name string, raw []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 
 	fn := adapter.RawGetString("transform_response")
 	if fn == nil {
-		return raw, nil
+		return rawJSON, nil
 	}
 
 	v.state.Push(fn)
-	v.state.Push(lua.LString(string(raw)))
+	v.state.Push(lua.LString(rawJSON))
 
 	if err := v.state.PCall(1, 1, nil); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transform_response: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("transform_response: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	result := v.state.Get(-1)
 	v.state.Pop(1)
 
-	return []byte(result.String()), nil
+	return result.String(), nil
+}
+
+func (v *VM) CallTransformStreamChunk(name, rawLine string) (string, error) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	adapter, ok := v.loaded[name]
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !ok {
+		return rawLine, nil
+	}
+
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	fn := adapter.RawGetString("transform_stream_chunk")
+	if fn == nil {
+		return rawLine, nil
+	}
+
+	v.state.Push(fn)
+	v.state.Push(lua.LString(rawLine))
+
+	if err := v.state.PCall(1, 1, nil); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("transform_stream_chunk: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	result := v.state.Get(-1)
+	v.state.Pop(1)
+
+	if result.String() == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	return result.String(), nil
+}
+
+func (v *VM) GetAdapterEndpoint(name string) string {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	adapter, ok := v.loaded[name]
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if ep := adapter.RawGetString("endpoint"); ep != nil {
+		return ep.String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (v *VM) GetAdapterHeaders(name string) map[string]string {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	adapter, ok := v.loaded[name]
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	headers := make(map[string]string)
+	if ht := adapter.RawGetString("headers"); ht != nil {
+		if tbl, ok := ht.(*lua.LTable); ok {
+			tbl.ForEach(func(key, val lua.LValue) {
+				headers[key.String()] = val.String()
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return headers
 }
 
 func (v *VM) ListAdapters() []APIAdapter {
@@ -237,35 +324,61 @@ func (v *VM) ReloadAll() error {
 	return v.Start()
 }
 
-func mapToTable(L *lua.LState, m map[string]interface{}) *lua.LTable {
-	tbl := L.NewTable()
-	for k, v := range m {
-		switch val := v.(type) {
-		case string:
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, lua.LString(val))
-		case float64:
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, lua.LNumber(val))
-		case int:
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, lua.LNumber(val))
-		case bool:
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, lua.LBool(val))
-		case map[string]interface{}:
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, mapToTable(L, val))
-		case []interface{}:
-			arr := L.NewTable()
-			for i, item := range val {
-				if m, ok := item.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-					arr.RawSetInt(i+1, mapToTable(L, m))
-				} else {
-					arr.RawSetInt(i+1, lua.LString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", item)))
-				}
-			}
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, arr)
-		default:
-			tbl.RawSetString(k, lua.LString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)))
+func luaValueToGo(lv lua.LValue) interface{} {
+	switch v := lv.(type) {
+	case lua.LString:
+		return string(v)
+	case lua.LNumber:
+		return float64(v)
+	case lua.LBool:
+		return bool(v)
+	case *lua.LTable:
+		if v.MaxN() > 0 {
+			arr := make([]interface{}, 0, v.MaxN())
+			v.ForEach(func(_, val lua.LValue) {
+				arr = append(arr, luaValueToGo(val))
+			})
+			return arr
 		}
+		m := make(map[string]interface{})
+		v.ForEach(func(key, val lua.LValue) {
+			m[key.String()] = luaValueToGo(val)
+		})
+		return m
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func goValueToLua(L *lua.LState, val interface{}) lua.LValue {
+	switch v := val.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return lua.LString(v)
+	case float64:
+		return lua.LNumber(v)
+	case int:
+		return lua.LNumber(v)
+	case int64:
+		return lua.LNumber(v)
+	case bool:
+		return lua.LBool(v)
+	case nil:
+		return lua.LNil
+	case []interface{}:
+		tbl := L.NewTable()
+		for i, item := range v {
+			tbl.RawSetInt(i+1, goValueToLua(L, item))
+		}
+		return tbl
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		tbl := L.NewTable()
+		for k, item := range v {
+			tbl.RawSetString(k, goValueToLua(L, item))
+		}
+		return tbl
+	default:
+		return lua.LNil
 	}
-	return tbl
 }
 
 func (v *VM) writeBundledAdapters() error {
@@ -296,32 +409,4 @@ func (v *VM) writeBundledAdapters() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func tableToMap(tbl *lua.LTable) map[string]interface{} {
-	result := make(map[string]interface{})
-	tbl.ForEach(func(key lua.LValue, val lua.LValue) {
-		k := key.String()
-		switch v := val.(type) {
-		case lua.LString:
-			result[k] = string(v)
-		case lua.LNumber:
-			result[k] = float64(v)
-		case lua.LBool:
-			result[k] = bool(v)
-		case *lua.LTable:
-			if v.MaxN() == 0 {
-				result[k] = tableToMap(v)
-			} else {
-				var arr []interface{}
-				v.ForEach(func(_, item lua.LValue) {
-					if tbl, ok := item.(*lua.LTable); ok {
-						arr = append(arr, tableToMap(tbl))
-					} else {
-						arr = append(arr, item.String())
-					}
-				})
-				result[k] = arr
-			}
-		}
-	})
-	return result
-}
+