feat: 适配 Lua 5.5.1 最新版 (lua_5.5.1 分支)

- lib/lua 替换为 Lua 5.5.1 官方源码(2026-07 发布, 当前最新)
- luaconf.h LUA_EXTRASPACE 扩为 272 字节(与 5.4.8 同方案)
- C API 完全兼容, 桥接层零改动
- PackagePathConfig 测试沿用跨版本语义断言(5.4+ require 返回 loader data 路径)
- 验证: GTest 44/44 通过

lib/lua/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
-project(lua VERSION 5.4.6 LANGUAGES C)
+project(lua VERSION 5.5.1 LANGUAGES C)
 
 # 基础配置
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)

lib/lua/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+# Makefile for building Lua
+# See ../doc/readme.html for installation and customization instructions.
+
+# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
+
+# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.
+PLAT= guess
+
+CC= gcc -std=gnu99
+CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -Wextra $(SYSCFLAGS) $(MYCFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS= $(SYSLDFLAGS) $(MYLDFLAGS)
+LIBS= -lm $(SYSLIBS) $(MYLIBS)
+
+AR= ar rcu
+RANLIB= ranlib
+RM= rm -f
+UNAME= uname
+
+SYSCFLAGS=
+SYSLDFLAGS=
+SYSLIBS=
+
+MYCFLAGS=
+MYLDFLAGS=
+MYLIBS=
+MYOBJS=
+
+# Special flags for compiler modules; -Os reduces code size.
+CMCFLAGS= 
+
+# == END OF USER SETTINGS -- NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =======
+
+PLATS= guess aix bsd c89 freebsd generic ios linux linux-readline macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+LUA_A=	liblua.a
+CORE_O=	lapi.o lcode.o lctype.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o lmem.o lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o ltm.o lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o
+LIB_O=	lauxlib.o lbaselib.o lcorolib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loadlib.o loslib.o lstrlib.o ltablib.o lutf8lib.o linit.o
+BASE_O= $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) $(MYOBJS)
+
+LUA_T=	lua
+LUA_O=	lua.o
+
+LUAC_T=	luac
+LUAC_O=	luac.o
+
+ALL_O= $(BASE_O) $(LUA_O) $(LUAC_O)
+ALL_T= $(LUA_A) $(LUA_T) $(LUAC_T)
+ALL_A= $(LUA_A)
+
+# Targets start here.
+default: $(PLAT)
+
+all:	$(ALL_T)
+
+o:	$(ALL_O)
+
+a:	$(ALL_A)
+
+$(LUA_A): $(BASE_O)
+	$(AR) $@ $(BASE_O)
+	$(RANLIB) $@
+
+$(LUA_T): $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+$(LUAC_T): $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+test:
+	./$(LUA_T) -v
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(ALL_T) $(ALL_O)
+
+depend:
+	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM l*.c
+
+echo:
+	@echo "PLAT= $(PLAT)"
+	@echo "CC= $(CC)"
+	@echo "CFLAGS= $(CFLAGS)"
+	@echo "LDFLAGS= $(LDFLAGS)"
+	@echo "LIBS= $(LIBS)"
+	@echo "AR= $(AR)"
+	@echo "RANLIB= $(RANLIB)"
+	@echo "RM= $(RM)"
+	@echo "UNAME= $(UNAME)"
+
+# Convenience targets for popular platforms.
+ALL= all
+
+help:
+	@echo "Do 'make PLATFORM' where PLATFORM is one of these:"
+	@echo "   $(PLATS)"
+	@echo "See doc/readme.html for complete instructions."
+
+guess:
+	@echo Guessing `$(UNAME)`
+	@$(MAKE) `$(UNAME)`
+
+AIX aix:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) CC="xlc" CFLAGS="-O2 -DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-ldl" SYSLDFLAGS="-brtl -bexpall"
+
+bsd:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E"
+
+c89:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_C89" CC="gcc -std=c89"
+	@echo ''
+	@echo '*** C89 does not guarantee 64-bit integers for Lua.'
+	@echo '*** Make sure to compile all external Lua libraries'
+	@echo '*** with LUA_USE_C89 to ensure consistency'
+	@echo ''
+
+FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD freebsd:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX -DLUA_USE_READLINE -I/usr/include/edit" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ledit" CC="cc"
+
+generic: $(ALL)
+
+ios:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_IOS"
+
+Linux linux:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl"
+
+linux-readline:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX -DLUA_USE_READLINE" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline"
+
+Darwin macos macosx:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_MACOSX" SYSLIBS="-lreadline"
+
+mingw:
+	$(MAKE) "LUA_A=lua55.dll" "LUA_T=lua.exe" \
+	"AR=$(CC) -shared -o" "RANLIB=strip --strip-unneeded" \
+	"SYSCFLAGS=-DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL" "SYSLIBS=" "SYSLDFLAGS=-s" lua.exe
+	$(MAKE) "LUAC_T=luac.exe" luac.exe
+
+posix:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX"
+
+SunOS solaris:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN -D_REENTRANT" SYSLIBS="-ldl"
+
+# Targets that do not create files (not all makes understand .PHONY).
+.PHONY: all $(PLATS) help test clean default o a depend echo
+
+# Compiler modules may use special flags.
+llex.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CMCFLAGS) -c llex.c
+
+lparser.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CMCFLAGS) -c lparser.c
+
+lcode.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CMCFLAGS) -c lcode.c
+
+# DO NOT DELETE
+
+lapi.o: lapi.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h \
+ ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h llimits.h
+lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lcode.o: lcode.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h lopnames.h
+lcorolib.o: lcorolib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lctype.o: lctype.c lprefix.h lctype.h lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h
+ldblib.o: ldblib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+ldebug.o: ldebug.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h lparser.h \
+ ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ldo.o: ldo.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h \
+ lparser.h lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+ldump.o: ldump.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lgc.h ltable.h lundump.h
+lfunc.o: lfunc.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h
+lgc.o: lgc.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
+linit.o: linit.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h llimits.h
+liolib.o: liolib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+llex.o: llex.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldebug.h \
+ lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h llex.h lparser.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h
+lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lmem.o: lmem.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h
+loadlib.o: loadlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lobject.o: lobject.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h \
+ ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ lvm.h
+lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lprefix.h lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h \
+ lobject.h
+loslib.o: loslib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+lparser.o: lparser.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lstate.o: lstate.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h
+lstring.o: lstring.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h
+lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+ltable.o: ltable.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ltablib.o: ltablib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+ltm.o: ltm.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lua.o: lua.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+luac.o: luac.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lapi.h llimits.h \
+ lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h lopcodes.h lopnames.h \
+ lundump.h
+lundump.o: lundump.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ ltable.h lundump.h
+lutf8lib.o: lutf8lib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lvm.o: lvm.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h ljumptab.h
+lzio.o: lzio.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h
+
+# (end of Makefile)

lib/lua/README

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-
-This is Lua 5.4.8, released on 21 May 2025.
-
-For installation instructions, license details, and
-further information about Lua, see doc/readme.html.
-

lib/lua/lapi.c

@@ -40,10 +40,8 @@ const char lua_ident[] =
 
 /*
 ** Test for a valid index (one that is not the 'nilvalue').
-** '!ttisnil(o)' implies 'o != &G(L)->nilvalue', so it is not needed.
-** However, it covers the most common cases in a faster way.
 */
-#define isvalid(L, o)	(!ttisnil(o) || o != &G(L)->nilvalue)
+#define isvalid(L, o)	((o) != &G(L)->nilvalue)
 
 
 /* test for pseudo index */
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ static TValue *index2value (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 /*
 ** Convert a valid actual index (not a pseudo-index) to its address.
 */
-l_sinline StkId index2stack (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+static StkId index2stack (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
   if (idx > 0) {
     StkId o = ci->func.p + idx;
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {
   int i;
   if (from == to) return;
   lua_lock(to);
-  api_checknelems(from, n);
+  api_checkpop(from, n);
   api_check(from, G(from) == G(to), "moving among independent states");
   api_check(from, to->ci->top.p - to->top.p >= n, "stack overflow");
   from->top.p -= n;
@@ -189,16 +187,15 @@ LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {
     api_check(L, idx <= ci->top.p - (func + 1), "new top too large");
     diff = ((func + 1) + idx) - L->top.p;
     for (; diff > 0; diff--)
-      setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p++));  /* clear new slots */
+      setnilvalue2s(L->top.p++);  /* clear new slots */
   }
   else {
     api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top.p - (func + 1)), "invalid new top");
     diff = idx + 1;  /* will "subtract" index (as it is negative) */
   }
-  api_check(L, L->tbclist.p < L->top.p, "previous pop of an unclosed slot");
   newtop = L->top.p + diff;
   if (diff < 0 && L->tbclist.p >= newtop) {
-    lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(ci->nresults));
+    lua_assert(ci->callstatus & CIST_TBC);
     newtop = luaF_close(L, newtop, CLOSEKTOP, 0);
   }
   L->top.p = newtop;  /* correct top only after closing any upvalue */
@@ -210,10 +207,10 @@ LUA_API void lua_closeslot (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   StkId level;
   lua_lock(L);
   level = index2stack(L, idx);
-  api_check(L, hastocloseCfunc(L->ci->nresults) && L->tbclist.p == level,
+  api_check(L, (L->ci->callstatus & CIST_TBC) && (L->tbclist.p == level),
      "no variable to close at given level");
   level = luaF_close(L, level, CLOSEKTOP, 0);
-  setnilvalue(s2v(level));
+  setnilvalue2s(level);
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +221,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_closeslot (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 ** Note that we move(copy) only the value inside the stack.
 ** (We do not move additional fields that may exist.)
 */
-l_sinline void reverse (lua_State *L, StkId from, StkId to) {
+static void reverse (lua_State *L, StkId from, StkId to) {
   for (; from < to; from++, to--) {
     TValue temp;
     setobj(L, &temp, s2v(from));
@@ -243,6 +240,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_rotate (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
   lua_lock(L);
   t = L->top.p - 1;  /* end of stack segment being rotated */
   p = index2stack(L, idx);  /* start of segment */
+  api_check(L, L->tbclist.p < p, "moving a to-be-closed slot");
   api_check(L, (n >= 0 ? n : -n) <= (t - p + 1), "invalid 'n'");
   m = (n >= 0 ? t - n : p - n - 1);  /* end of prefix */
   reverse(L, p, m);  /* reverse the prefix with length 'n' */
@@ -335,15 +333,15 @@ LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
 LUA_API void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op) {
   lua_lock(L);
   if (op != LUA_OPUNM && op != LUA_OPBNOT)
-    api_checknelems(L, 2);  /* all other operations expect two operands */
+    api_checkpop(L, 2);  /* all other operations expect two operands */
   else {  /* for unary operations, add fake 2nd operand */
-    api_checknelems(L, 1);
+    api_checkpop(L, 1);
     setobjs2s(L, L->top.p, L->top.p - 1);
     api_incr_top(L);
   }
   /* first operand at top - 2, second at top - 1; result go to top - 2 */
   luaO_arith(L, op, s2v(L->top.p - 2), s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 2);
-  L->top.p--;  /* remove second operand */
+  L->top.p--;  /* pop second operand */
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
 
@@ -368,6 +366,18 @@ LUA_API int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op) {
 }
 
 
+LUA_API unsigned lua_numbertocstring (lua_State *L, int idx, char *buff) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (ttisnumber(o)) {
+    unsigned len = luaO_tostringbuff(o, buff);
+    buff[len++] = '\0';  /* add final zero */
+    return len;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
 LUA_API size_t lua_stringtonumber (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
   size_t sz = luaO_str2num(s, s2v(L->top.p));
   if (sz != 0)
@@ -416,20 +426,27 @@ LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
     luaC_checkGC(L);
     o = index2value(L, idx);  /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
   }
-  if (len != NULL)
-    *len = tsslen(tsvalue(o));
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return getstr(tsvalue(o));
+  if (len != NULL)
+    return getlstr(tsvalue(o), *len);
+  else
+    return getstr(tsvalue(o));
 }
 
 
 LUA_API lua_Unsigned lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
   switch (ttypetag(o)) {
-    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return tsvalue(o)->shrlen;
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return cast(lua_Unsigned, tsvalue(o)->shrlen);
-    case LUA_VLNGSTR: return tsvalue(o)->u.lnglen;
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: return cast(lua_Unsigned, tsvalue(o)->u.lnglen);
-    case LUA_VUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: return cast(lua_Unsigned, uvalue(o)->len);
-    case LUA_VTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+    case LUA_VTABLE: {
+      lua_Unsigned res;
+      lua_lock(L);
+      res = luaH_getn(L, hvalue(o));
+      lua_unlock(L);
+      return res;
+    }
     default: return 0;
   }
 }
@@ -467,7 +484,7 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 
 /*
 ** Returns a pointer to the internal representation of an object.
-** Note that ANSI C does not allow the conversion of a pointer to
+** Note that ISO C does not allow the conversion of a pointer to
 ** function to a 'void*', so the conversion here goes through
 ** a 'size_t'. (As the returned pointer is only informative, this
 ** conversion should not be a problem.)
@@ -496,7 +513,7 @@ LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 
 LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
   lua_lock(L);
-  setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+  setnilvalue2s(L->top.p);
   api_incr_top(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
@@ -535,10 +552,25 @@ LUA_API const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
 }
 
 
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushexternalstring (lua_State *L,
+	        const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud) {
+  TString *ts;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, len <= MAX_SIZE, "string too large");
+  api_check(L, s[len] == '\0', "string not ending with zero");
+  ts = luaS_newextlstr (L, s, len, falloc, ud);
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return getstr(ts);
+}
+
+
 LUA_API const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
   lua_lock(L);
   if (s == NULL)
-    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+    setnilvalue2s(L->top.p);
   else {
     TString *ts;
     ts = luaS_new(L, s);
@@ -567,9 +599,7 @@ LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
   const char *ret;
   va_list argp;
   lua_lock(L);
-  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  pushvfstring(L, argp, fmt, ret);
-  ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
-  va_end(argp);
   luaC_checkGC(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
   return ret;
@@ -583,17 +613,18 @@ LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {
     api_incr_top(L);
   }
   else {
+    int i;
     CClosure *cl;
-    api_checknelems(L, n);
+    api_checkpop(L, n);
     api_check(L, n <= MAXUPVAL, "upvalue index too large");
     cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n);
     cl->f = fn;
-    L->top.p -= n;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    while (n--) {
+      setobj2n(L, &cl->upvalue[i], s2v(L->top.p - n + i));
-      setobj2n(L, &cl->upvalue[n], s2v(L->top.p + n));
       /* does not need barrier because closure is white */
       lua_assert(iswhite(cl));
     }
+    L->top.p -= n;
     setclCvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), cl);
     api_incr_top(L);
     luaC_checkGC(L);
@@ -626,7 +657,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
   setthvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), L);
   api_incr_top(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+  return (mainthread(G(L)) == L);
 }
 
 
@@ -636,53 +667,54 @@ LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
 */
 
 
-l_sinline int auxgetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
+static int auxgetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
-  const TValue *slot;
+  lu_byte tag;
   TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
-  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+  luaV_fastget(t, str, s2v(L->top.p), luaH_getstr, tag);
-    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, slot);
+  if (!tagisempty(tag))
     api_incr_top(L);
-  }
   else {
     setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, str);
     api_incr_top(L);
-    luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 1, slot);
+    tag = luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 1, tag);
   }
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  return novariant(tag);
 }
 
 
 /*
-** Get the global table in the registry. Since all predefined
+** The following function assumes that the registry cannot be a weak
-** indices in the registry were inserted right when the registry
+** table; so, an emergency collection while using the global table
-** was created and never removed, they must always be in the array
+** cannot collect it.
-** part of the registry.
 */
-#define getGtable(L)  \
+static void getGlobalTable (lua_State *L, TValue *gt) {
-	(&hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry)->array[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS - 1])
+  Table *registry = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+  lu_byte tag = luaH_getint(registry, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS, gt);
+  (void)tag;  /* avoid not-used warnings when checks are off */
+  api_check(L, novariant(tag) == LUA_TTABLE, "global table must exist");
+}
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
-  const TValue *G;
+  TValue gt;
   lua_lock(L);
-  G = getGtable(L);
+  getGlobalTable(L, &gt);
-  return auxgetstr(L, G, name);
+  return auxgetstr(L, &gt, name);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
-  const TValue *slot;
+  lu_byte tag;
   TValue *t;
   lua_lock(L);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   t = index2value(L, idx);
-  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), slot, luaH_get)) {
+  luaV_fastget(t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), s2v(L->top.p - 1), luaH_get, tag);
-    setobj2s(L, L->top.p - 1, slot);
+  if (tagisempty(tag))
-  }
+    tag = luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 1, tag);
-  else
-    luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 1, slot);
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  return novariant(tag);
 }
 
 
@@ -694,35 +726,31 @@ LUA_API int lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
 
 LUA_API int lua_geti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
   TValue *t;
-  const TValue *slot;
+  lu_byte tag;
   lua_lock(L);
   t = index2value(L, idx);
-  if (luaV_fastgeti(L, t, n, slot)) {
+  luaV_fastgeti(t, n, s2v(L->top.p), tag);
-    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, slot);
+  if (tagisempty(tag)) {
-  }
+    TValue key;
-  else {
+    setivalue(&key, n);
-    TValue aux;
+    tag = luaV_finishget(L, t, &key, L->top.p, tag);
-    setivalue(&aux, n);
-    luaV_finishget(L, t, &aux, L->top.p, slot);
   }
   api_incr_top(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  return novariant(tag);
 }
 
 
-l_sinline int finishrawget (lua_State *L, const TValue *val) {
+static int finishrawget (lua_State *L, lu_byte tag) {
-  if (isempty(val))  /* avoid copying empty items to the stack */
+  if (tagisempty(tag))  /* avoid copying empty items to the stack */
-    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+    setnilvalue2s(L->top.p);
-  else
-    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, val);
   api_incr_top(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  return novariant(tag);
 }
 
 
-static Table *gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+l_sinline Table *gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   TValue *t = index2value(L, idx);
   api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
   return hvalue(t);
@@ -731,21 +759,23 @@ static Table *gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 
 LUA_API int lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   Table *t;
-  const TValue *val;
+  lu_byte tag;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   t = gettable(L, idx);
-  val = luaH_get(t, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  tag = luaH_get(t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), s2v(L->top.p - 1));
-  L->top.p--;  /* remove key */
+  L->top.p--;  /* pop key */
-  return finishrawget(L, val);
+  return finishrawget(L, tag);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
   Table *t;
+  lu_byte tag;
   lua_lock(L);
   t = gettable(L, idx);
-  return finishrawget(L, luaH_getint(t, n));
+  luaH_fastgeti(t, n, s2v(L->top.p), tag);
+  return finishrawget(L, tag);
 }
 
 
@@ -755,7 +785,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
   lua_lock(L);
   t = gettable(L, idx);
   setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(p));
-  return finishrawget(L, luaH_get(t, &k));
+  return finishrawget(L, luaH_get(t, &k, s2v(L->top.p)));
 }
 
 
@@ -766,7 +796,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {
   sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, t);
   api_incr_top(L);
   if (narray > 0 || nrec > 0)
-    luaH_resize(L, t, narray, nrec);
+    luaH_resize(L, t, cast_uint(narray), cast_uint(nrec));
   luaC_checkGC(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
@@ -806,7 +836,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_getiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
   o = index2value(L, idx);
   api_check(L, ttisfulluserdata(o), "full userdata expected");
   if (n <= 0 || n > uvalue(o)->nuvalue) {
-    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+    setnilvalue2s(L->top.p);
     t = LUA_TNONE;
   }
   else {
@@ -827,17 +857,18 @@ LUA_API int lua_getiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
 ** t[k] = value at the top of the stack (where 'k' is a string)
 */
 static void auxsetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
-  const TValue *slot;
+  int hres;
   TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
-  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+  luaV_fastset(t, str, s2v(L->top.p - 1), hres, luaH_psetstr);
-    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  if (hres == HOK) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
     L->top.p--;  /* pop value */
   }
   else {
     setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, str);  /* push 'str' (to make it a TValue) */
     api_incr_top(L);
-    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), s2v(L->top.p - 2), slot);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), s2v(L->top.p - 2), hres);
     L->top.p -= 2;  /* pop value and key */
   }
   lua_unlock(L);  /* lock done by caller */
@@ -845,24 +876,24 @@ static void auxsetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
-  const TValue *G;
+  TValue gt;
   lua_lock(L);  /* unlock done in 'auxsetstr' */
-  G = getGtable(L);
+  getGlobalTable(L, &gt);
-  auxsetstr(L, G, name);
+  auxsetstr(L, &gt, name);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   TValue *t;
-  const TValue *slot;
+  int hres;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 2);
+  api_checkpop(L, 2);
   t = index2value(L, idx);
-  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 2), slot, luaH_get)) {
+  luaV_fastset(t, s2v(L->top.p - 2), s2v(L->top.p - 1), hres, luaH_pset);
-    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  if (hres == HOK)
-  }
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
   else
-    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 2), s2v(L->top.p - 1), slot);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 2), s2v(L->top.p - 1), hres);
   L->top.p -= 2;  /* pop index and value */
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
@@ -876,17 +907,17 @@ LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
 
 LUA_API void lua_seti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
   TValue *t;
-  const TValue *slot;
+  int hres;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   t = index2value(L, idx);
-  if (luaV_fastgeti(L, t, n, slot)) {
+  luaV_fastseti(t, n, s2v(L->top.p - 1), hres);
-    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  if (hres == HOK)
-  }
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
   else {
-    TValue aux;
+    TValue temp;
-    setivalue(&aux, n);
+    setivalue(&temp, n);
-    luaV_finishset(L, t, &aux, s2v(L->top.p - 1), slot);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, &temp, s2v(L->top.p - 1), hres);
   }
   L->top.p--;  /* pop value */
   lua_unlock(L);
@@ -896,7 +927,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_seti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
 static void aux_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx, TValue *key, int n) {
   Table *t;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  api_checkpop(L, n);
   t = gettable(L, idx);
   luaH_set(L, t, key, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
   invalidateTMcache(t);
@@ -921,7 +952,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
 LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
   Table *t;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   t = gettable(L, idx);
   luaH_setint(L, t, n, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
   luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), s2v(L->top.p - 1));
@@ -934,7 +965,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
   TValue *obj;
   Table *mt;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   obj = index2value(L, objindex);
   if (ttisnil(s2v(L->top.p - 1)))
     mt = NULL;
@@ -974,7 +1005,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_setiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
   TValue *o;
   int res;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   o = index2value(L, idx);
   api_check(L, ttisfulluserdata(o), "full userdata expected");
   if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u < cast_uint(uvalue(o)->nuvalue)))
@@ -996,9 +1027,11 @@ LUA_API int lua_setiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
 
 
 #define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
-     api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET \
+     (api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET \
                || (L->ci->top.p - L->top.p >= (nr) - (na)), \
-	"results from function overflow current stack size")
+	"results from function overflow current stack size"), \
+      api_check(L, LUA_MULTRET <= (nr) && (nr) <= MAXRESULTS,  \
+                   "invalid number of results"))
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
@@ -1007,7 +1040,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
   lua_lock(L);
   api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
     "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
-  api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+  api_checkpop(L, nargs + 1);
   api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
   checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
   func = L->top.p - (nargs+1);
@@ -1043,12 +1076,12 @@ static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
 LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
                         lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k) {
   struct CallS c;
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
   ptrdiff_t func;
   lua_lock(L);
   api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
     "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
-  api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+  api_checkpop(L, nargs + 1);
   api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
   checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
   if (errfunc == 0)
@@ -1071,7 +1104,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
     ci->u2.funcidx = cast_int(savestack(L, c.func));
     ci->u.c.old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
     L->errfunc = func;
-    setoah(ci->callstatus, L->allowhook);  /* save value of 'allowhook' */
+    setoah(ci, L->allowhook);  /* save value of 'allowhook' */
     ci->callstatus |= CIST_YPCALL;  /* function can do error recovery */
     luaD_call(L, c.func, nresults);  /* do the call */
     ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
@@ -1080,15 +1113,16 @@ LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
   }
   adjustresults(L, nresults);
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return status;
+  return APIstatus(status);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
                       const char *chunkname, const char *mode) {
   ZIO z;
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
   lua_lock(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
   if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
   luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
   status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname, mode);
@@ -1096,34 +1130,38 @@ LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
     LClosure *f = clLvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1));  /* get new function */
     if (f->nupvalues >= 1) {  /* does it have an upvalue? */
       /* get global table from registry */
-      const TValue *gt = getGtable(L);
+      TValue gt;
+      getGlobalTable(L, &gt);
       /* set global table as 1st upvalue of 'f' (may be LUA_ENV) */
-      setobj(L, f->upvals[0]->v.p, gt);
+      setobj(L, f->upvals[0]->v.p, &gt);
-      luaC_barrier(L, f->upvals[0], gt);
+      luaC_barrier(L, f->upvals[0], &gt);
     }
   }
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return status;
+  return APIstatus(status);
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Dump a Lua function, calling 'writer' to write its parts. Ensure
+** the stack returns with its original size.
+*/
 LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip) {
   int status;
-  TValue *o;
+  ptrdiff_t otop = savestack(L, L->top.p);  /* original top */
+  TValue *f = s2v(L->top.p - 1);  /* function to be dumped */
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
-  o = s2v(L->top.p - 1);
+  api_check(L, isLfunction(f), "Lua function expected");
-  if (isLfunction(o))
+  status = luaU_dump(L, clLvalue(f)->p, writer, data, strip);
-    status = luaU_dump(L, getproto(o), writer, data, strip);
+  L->top.p = restorestack(L, otop);  /* restore top */
-  else
-    status = 1;
   lua_unlock(L);
   return status;
 }
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
-  return L->status;
+  return APIstatus(L->status);
 }
 
 
@@ -1134,7 +1172,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
   va_list argp;
   int res = 0;
   global_State *g = G(L);
-  if (g->gcstp & GCSTPGC)  /* internal stop? */
+  if (g->gcstp & (GCSTPGC | GCSTPCLS))  /* internal stop? */
     return -1;  /* all options are invalid when stopped */
   lua_lock(L);
   va_start(argp, what);
@@ -1145,7 +1183,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
     }
     case LUA_GCRESTART: {
       luaE_setdebt(g, 0);
-      g->gcstp = 0;  /* (GCSTPGC must be already zero here) */
+      g->gcstp = 0;  /* (other bits must be zero here) */
       break;
     }
     case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
@@ -1162,34 +1200,22 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
       break;
     }
     case LUA_GCSTEP: {
-      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
-      l_mem debt = 1;  /* =1 to signal that it did an actual step */
       lu_byte oldstp = g->gcstp;
-      g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow GC to run (GCSTPGC must be zero here) */
+      l_mem n = cast(l_mem, va_arg(argp, size_t));
-      if (data == 0) {
+      l_mem newdebt;
-        luaE_setdebt(g, 0);  /* do a basic step */
+      int work = 0;  /* true if GC did some work */
-        luaC_step(L);
+      g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow GC to run (other bits must be zero here) */
-      }
+      if (n <= 0)
-      else {  /* add 'data' to total debt */
+        newdebt = 0;  /* force to run one basic step */
-        debt = cast(l_mem, data) * 1024 + g->GCdebt;
+      else if (g->GCdebt >= n - MAX_LMEM)  /* no overflow? */
-        luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+        newdebt = g->GCdebt - n;
-        luaC_checkGC(L);
+      else  /* overflow */
-      }
+        newdebt = -MAX_LMEM;  /* set debt to mininum value */
-      g->gcstp = oldstp;  /* restore previous state */
+      luaE_setdebt(g, newdebt);
-      if (debt > 0 && g->gcstate == GCSpause)  /* end of cycle? */
+      luaC_condGC(L, (void)0, work = 1);
+      if (work && g->gcstate == GCSpause)  /* end of cycle? */
         res = 1;  /* signal it */
-      break;
+      g->gcstp = oldstp;  /* restore previous state */
-    }
-    case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {
-      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
-      res = getgcparam(g->gcpause);
-      setgcparam(g->gcpause, data);
-      break;
-    }
-    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
-      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
-      res = getgcparam(g->gcstepmul);
-      setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, data);
       break;
     }
     case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
@@ -1197,30 +1223,24 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
       break;
     }
     case LUA_GCGEN: {
-      int minormul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = (g->gckind == KGC_INC) ? LUA_GCINC : LUA_GCGEN;
-      int majormul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      luaC_changemode(L, KGC_GENMINOR);
-      res = isdecGCmodegen(g) ? LUA_GCGEN : LUA_GCINC;
-      if (minormul != 0)
-        g->genminormul = minormul;
-      if (majormul != 0)
-        setgcparam(g->genmajormul, majormul);
-      luaC_changemode(L, KGC_GEN);
       break;
     }
     case LUA_GCINC: {
-      int pause = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = (g->gckind == KGC_INC) ? LUA_GCINC : LUA_GCGEN;
-      int stepmul = va_arg(argp, int);
-      int stepsize = va_arg(argp, int);
-      res = isdecGCmodegen(g) ? LUA_GCGEN : LUA_GCINC;
-      if (pause != 0)
-        setgcparam(g->gcpause, pause);
-      if (stepmul != 0)
-        setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, stepmul);
-      if (stepsize != 0)
-        g->gcstepsize = stepsize;
       luaC_changemode(L, KGC_INC);
       break;
     }
+    case LUA_GCPARAM: {
+      int param = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int value = va_arg(argp, int);
+      api_check(L, 0 <= param && param < LUA_GCPN, "invalid parameter");
+      res = cast_int(luaO_applyparam(g->gcparams[param], 100));
+      if (value >= 0)
+        g->gcparams[param] = luaO_codeparam(cast_uint(value));
+      break;
+    }
     default: res = -1;  /* invalid option */
   }
   va_end(argp);
@@ -1239,7 +1259,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {
   TValue *errobj;
   lua_lock(L);
   errobj = s2v(L->top.p - 1);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   /* error object is the memory error message? */
   if (ttisshrstring(errobj) && eqshrstr(tsvalue(errobj), G(L)->memerrmsg))
     luaM_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
@@ -1254,44 +1274,40 @@ LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {
   Table *t;
   int more;
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   t = gettable(L, idx);
   more = luaH_next(L, t, L->top.p - 1);
-  if (more) {
+  if (more)
     api_incr_top(L);
-  }
   else  /* no more elements */
-    L->top.p -= 1;  /* remove key */
+    L->top.p--;  /* pop key */
   lua_unlock(L);
   return more;
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_toclose (lua_State *L, int idx) {
-  int nresults;
   StkId o;
   lua_lock(L);
   o = index2stack(L, idx);
-  nresults = L->ci->nresults;
   api_check(L, L->tbclist.p < o, "given index below or equal a marked one");
   luaF_newtbcupval(L, o);  /* create new to-be-closed upvalue */
-  if (!hastocloseCfunc(nresults))  /* function not marked yet? */
+  L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_TBC;  /* mark that function has TBC slots */
-    L->ci->nresults = codeNresults(nresults);  /* mark it */
-  lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(L->ci->nresults));
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
   lua_lock(L);
-  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  if (n > 0) {
-  if (n > 0)
+    api_checkpop(L, n);
     luaV_concat(L, n);
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+  }
   else {  /* nothing to concatenate */
     setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));  /* push empty string */
     api_incr_top(L);
   }
-  luaC_checkGC(L);
   lua_unlock(L);
 }
 
@@ -1344,7 +1360,7 @@ LUA_API void *lua_newuserdatauv (lua_State *L, size_t size, int nuvalue) {
   Udata *u;
   lua_lock(L);
   api_check(L, 0 <= nuvalue && nuvalue < SHRT_MAX, "invalid value");
-  u = luaS_newudata(L, size, nuvalue);
+  u = luaS_newudata(L, size, cast(unsigned short, nuvalue));
   setuvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), u);
   api_incr_top(L);
   luaC_checkGC(L);
@@ -1402,7 +1418,7 @@ LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
   TValue *fi;
   lua_lock(L);
   fi = index2value(L, funcindex);
-  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  api_checkpop(L, 1);
   name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val, &owner);
   if (name) {
     L->top.p--;

lib/lua/lapi.h

@@ -12,10 +12,29 @@
 #include "lstate.h"
 
 
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define api_check(l,e,msg)	assert(e)
+#else	/* for testing */
+#define api_check(l,e,msg)	((void)(l), lua_assert((e) && msg))
+#endif
+
+
+
 /* Increments 'L->top.p', checking for stack overflows */
-#define api_incr_top(L)	{L->top.p++; \
+#define api_incr_top(L)  \
-			 api_check(L, L->top.p <= L->ci->top.p, \
+    (L->top.p++, api_check(L, L->top.p <= L->ci->top.p, "stack overflow"))
-					"stack overflow");}
+
+
+/*
+** macros that are executed whenever program enters the Lua core
+** ('lua_lock') and leaves the core ('lua_unlock')
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_lock)
+#define lua_lock(L)	((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L)	((void) 0)
+#endif
+
 
 
 /*
@@ -30,23 +49,17 @@
 
 /* Ensure the stack has at least 'n' elements */
 #define api_checknelems(L,n) \
-	api_check(L, (n) < (L->top.p - L->ci->func.p), \
+       api_check(L, (n) < (L->top.p - L->ci->func.p), \
-			  "not enough elements in the stack")
+                         "not enough elements in the stack")
 
 
-/*
+/* Ensure the stack has at least 'n' elements to be popped. (Some
-** To reduce the overhead of returning from C functions, the presence of
+** functions only update a slot after checking it for popping, but that
-** to-be-closed variables in these functions is coded in the CallInfo's
+** is only an optimization for a pop followed by a push.)
-** field 'nresults', in a way that functions with no to-be-closed variables
-** with zero, one, or "all" wanted results have no overhead. Functions
-** with other number of wanted results, as well as functions with
-** variables to be closed, have an extra check.
 */
-
+#define api_checkpop(L,n) \
-#define hastocloseCfunc(n)	((n) < LUA_MULTRET)
+	api_check(L, (n) < L->top.p - L->ci->func.p &&  \
-
+                     L->tbclist.p < L->top.p - (n), \
-/* Map [-1, inf) (range of 'nresults') into (-inf, -2] */
+			  "not enough free elements in the stack")
-#define codeNresults(n)		(-(n) - 3)
-#define decodeNresults(n)	(-(n) - 3)
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lauxlib.c

@@ -25,12 +25,7 @@
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
-
+#include "llimits.h"
-
-#if !defined(MAX_SIZET)
-/* maximum value for size_t */
-#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
-#endif
 
 
 /*
@@ -99,14 +94,14 @@ static int pushglobalfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
 
 
 static void pushfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
-  if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {  /* try first a global name */
+  if (*ar->namewhat != '\0')  /* is there a name from code? */
-    lua_pushfstring(L, "function '%s'", lua_tostring(L, -1));
-    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove name */
-  }
-  else if (*ar->namewhat != '\0')  /* is there a name from code? */
     lua_pushfstring(L, "%s '%s'", ar->namewhat, ar->name);  /* use it */
   else if (*ar->what == 'm')  /* main? */
       lua_pushliteral(L, "main chunk");
+  else if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {  /* try a global name */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "function '%s'", lua_tostring(L, -1));
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove name */
+  }
   else if (*ar->what != 'C')  /* for Lua functions, use <file:line> */
     lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);
   else  /* nothing left... */
@@ -175,19 +170,27 @@ LUALIB_API void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
 
 LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg) {
   lua_Debug ar;
+  const char *argword;
   if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar))  /* no stack frame? */
     return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", arg, extramsg);
-  lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);
+  lua_getinfo(L, "nt", &ar);
-  if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {
+  if (arg <= ar.extraargs)  /* error in an extra argument? */
-    arg--;  /* do not count 'self' */
+    argword =  "extra argument";
-    if (arg == 0)  /* error is in the self argument itself? */
+  else {
-      return luaL_error(L, "calling '%s' on bad self (%s)",
+    arg -= ar.extraargs;  /* do not count extra arguments */
-                           ar.name, extramsg);
+    if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {  /* colon syntax? */
+      arg--;  /* do not count (extra) self argument */
+      if (arg == 0)  /* error in self argument? */
+        return luaL_error(L, "calling '%s' on bad self (%s)",
+                               ar.name, extramsg);
+      /* else go through; error in a regular argument */
+    }
+    argword = "argument";
   }
   if (ar.name == NULL)
     ar.name = (pushglobalfuncname(L, &ar)) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : "?";
-  return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to '%s' (%s)",
+  return luaL_error(L, "bad %s #%d to '%s' (%s)",
-                        arg, ar.name, extramsg);
+                       argword, arg, ar.name, extramsg);
 }
 
 
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {
 /*
 ** Again, the use of 'lua_pushvfstring' ensures this function does
 ** not need reserved stack space when called. (At worst, it generates
-** an error with "stack overflow" instead of the given message.)
+** a memory error instead of the given message.)
 */
 LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
   va_list argp;
@@ -473,18 +476,27 @@ typedef struct UBox {
 } UBox;
 
 
+/* Resize the buffer used by a box. Optimize for the common case of
+** resizing to the old size. (For instance, __gc will resize the box
+** to 0 even after it was closed. 'pushresult' may also resize it to a
+** final size that is equal to the one set when the buffer was created.)
+*/
 static void *resizebox (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t newsize) {
-  void *ud;
-  lua_Alloc allocf = lua_getallocf(L, &ud);
   UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_touserdata(L, idx);
-  void *temp = allocf(ud, box->box, box->bsize, newsize);
+  if (box->bsize == newsize)  /* not changing size? */
-  if (l_unlikely(temp == NULL && newsize > 0)) {  /* allocation error? */
+    return box->box;  /* keep the buffer */
-    lua_pushliteral(L, "not enough memory");
+  else {
-    lua_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+    void *ud;
+    lua_Alloc allocf = lua_getallocf(L, &ud);
+    void *temp = allocf(ud, box->box, box->bsize, newsize);
+    if (l_unlikely(temp == NULL && newsize > 0)) {  /* allocation error? */
+      lua_pushliteral(L, "not enough memory");
+      lua_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+    }
+    box->box = temp;
+    box->bsize = newsize;
+    return temp;
   }
-  box->box = temp;
-  box->bsize = newsize;
-  return temp;
 }
 
 
@@ -501,12 +513,25 @@ static const luaL_Reg boxmt[] = {  /* box metamethods */
 };
 
 
+/*
+** Get/create metatable (MT) for boxes
+*/
+static void getBoxMT (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *BOXMT = "_UBOX*"; /* key for the metatable */
+  if (luaL_getmetatable(L, BOXMT) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* MT not created yet? */
+    luaL_newlibtable(L, boxmt);  /* create it */
+    luaL_setfuncs(L, boxmt, 0);  /* initialize it */
+    lua_copy(L, -1, -2);  /* change stack from nil,MT to MT,MT */
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, BOXMT);  /* store MT in the registry */
+  }
+}
+
+
 static void newbox (lua_State *L) {
   UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(UBox), 0);
   box->box = NULL;
   box->bsize = 0;
-  if (luaL_newmetatable(L, "_UBOX*"))  /* creating metatable? */
+  getBoxMT(L);
-    luaL_setfuncs(L, boxmt, 0);  /* set its metamethods */
   lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
 }
 
@@ -529,15 +554,17 @@ static void newbox (lua_State *L) {
 
 /*
 ** Compute new size for buffer 'B', enough to accommodate extra 'sz'
-** bytes. (The test for "not big enough" also gets the case when the
+** bytes plus one for a terminating zero.
-** computation of 'newsize' overflows.)
 */
 static size_t newbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
-  size_t newsize = (B->size / 2) * 3;  /* buffer size * 1.5 */
+  size_t newsize = B->size;
-  if (l_unlikely(MAX_SIZET - sz < B->n))  /* overflow in (B->n + sz)? */
+  if (l_unlikely(sz >= MAX_SIZE - B->n))
-    return luaL_error(B->L, "buffer too large");
+    return cast_sizet(luaL_error(B->L, "resulting string too large"));
-  if (newsize < B->n + sz)  /* not big enough? */
+  /* else  B->n + sz + 1 <= MAX_SIZE */
-    newsize = B->n + sz;
+  if (newsize <= MAX_SIZE/3 * 2)  /* no overflow? */
+    newsize += (newsize >> 1);  /* new size *= 1.5 */
+  if (newsize < B->n + sz + 1)  /* not big enough? */
+    newsize = B->n + sz + 1;
   return newsize;
 }
 
@@ -597,9 +624,23 @@ LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {
 LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {
   lua_State *L = B->L;
   checkbufferlevel(B, -1);
-  lua_pushlstring(L, B->b, B->n);
+  if (!buffonstack(B))  /* using static buffer? */
-  if (buffonstack(B))
+    lua_pushlstring(L, B->b, B->n);  /* save result as regular string */
+  else {  /* reuse buffer already allocated */
+    UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+    void *ud;
+    lua_Alloc allocf = lua_getallocf(L, &ud);  /* function to free buffer */
+    size_t len = B->n;  /* final string length */
+    char *s;
+    resizebox(L, -1, len + 1);  /* adjust box size to content size */
+    s = (char*)box->box;  /* final buffer address */
+    s[len] = '\0';  /* add ending zero */
+    /* clear box, as Lua will take control of the buffer */
+    box->bsize = 0;  box->box = NULL;
+    lua_pushexternalstring(L, s, len, allocf, ud);
     lua_closeslot(L, -2);  /* close the box */
+    lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTEP, len);
+  }
   lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove box or placeholder from the stack */
 }
 
@@ -653,13 +694,10 @@ LUALIB_API char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
-/* index of free-list header (after the predefined values) */
-#define freelist	(LUA_RIDX_LAST + 1)
-
 /*
-** The previously freed references form a linked list:
+** The previously freed references form a linked list: t[1] is the index
-** t[freelist] is the index of a first free index, or zero if list is
+** of a first free index, t[t[1]] is the index of the second element,
-** empty; t[t[freelist]] is the index of the second element; etc.
+** etc. A zero signals the end of the list.
 */
 LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
   int ref;
@@ -668,19 +706,18 @@ LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
     return LUA_REFNIL;  /* 'nil' has a unique fixed reference */
   }
   t = lua_absindex(L, t);
-  if (lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* first access? */
+  if (lua_rawgeti(L, t, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER)  /* already initialized? */
+    ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);  /* ref = t[1] */
+  else {  /* first access */
+    lua_assert(!lua_toboolean(L, -1));  /* must be nil or false */
     ref = 0;  /* list is empty */
     lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* initialize as an empty list */
-    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* ref = t[freelist] = 0 */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, 1);  /* ref = t[1] = 0 */
-  }
-  else {  /* already initialized */
-    lua_assert(lua_isinteger(L, -1));
-    ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);  /* ref = t[freelist] */
   }
   lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove element from stack */
   if (ref != 0) {  /* any free element? */
     lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref);  /* remove it from list */
-    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* (t[freelist] = t[ref]) */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, 1);  /* (t[1] = t[ref]) */
   }
   else  /* no free elements */
     ref = (int)lua_rawlen(L, t) + 1;  /* get a new reference */
@@ -692,11 +729,11 @@ LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
 LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {
   if (ref >= 0) {
     t = lua_absindex(L, t);
-    lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist);
+    lua_rawgeti(L, t, 1);
     lua_assert(lua_isinteger(L, -1));
-    lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);  /* t[ref] = t[freelist] */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);  /* t[ref] = t[1] */
     lua_pushinteger(L, ref);
-    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* t[freelist] = ref */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, 1);  /* t[1] = ref */
   }
 }
 
@@ -710,7 +747,7 @@ LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {
 */
 
 typedef struct LoadF {
-  int n;  /* number of pre-read characters */
+  unsigned n;  /* number of pre-read characters */
   FILE *f;  /* file being read */
   char buff[BUFSIZ];  /* area for reading file */
 } LoadF;
@@ -718,7 +755,7 @@ typedef struct LoadF {
 
 static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
   LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;
-  (void)L;  /* not used */
+  UNUSED(L);
   if (lf->n > 0) {  /* are there pre-read characters to be read? */
     *size = lf->n;  /* return them (chars already in buffer) */
     lf->n = 0;  /* no more pre-read characters */
@@ -810,10 +847,10 @@ LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
     }
   }
   if (c != EOF)
-    lf.buff[lf.n++] = c;  /* 'c' is the first character of the stream */
+    lf.buff[lf.n++] = cast_char(c);  /* 'c' is the first character */
-  errno = 0;
   status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1), mode);
   readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+  errno = 0;  /* no useful error number until here */
   if (filename) fclose(lf.f);  /* close file (even in case of errors) */
   if (readstatus) {
     lua_settop(L, fnameindex);  /* ignore results from 'lua_load' */
@@ -832,7 +869,7 @@ typedef struct LoadS {
 
 static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
   LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;
-  (void)L;  /* not used */
+  UNUSED(L);
   if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
   *size = ls->size;
   ls->size = 0;
@@ -850,7 +887,7 @@ LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,
 
 
 LUALIB_API int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
-  return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);
+  return luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, strlen(s), s, "t");
 }
 
 /* }====================================================== */
@@ -904,10 +941,9 @@ LUALIB_API const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
   else {
     switch (lua_type(L, idx)) {
       case LUA_TNUMBER: {
-        if (lua_isinteger(L, idx))
+        char buff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
-          lua_pushfstring(L, "%I", (LUAI_UACINT)lua_tointeger(L, idx));
+        lua_numbertocstring(L, idx, buff);
-        else
+        lua_pushstring(L, buff);
-          lua_pushfstring(L, "%f", (LUAI_UACNUMBER)lua_tonumber(L, idx));
         break;
       }
       case LUA_TSTRING:
@@ -1005,7 +1041,7 @@ LUALIB_API void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
   const char *wild;
   size_t l = strlen(p);
   while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {
-    luaL_addlstring(b, s, wild - s);  /* push prefix */
+    luaL_addlstring(b, s, ct_diff2sz(wild - s));  /* push prefix */
     luaL_addstring(b, r);  /* push replacement in place of pattern */
     s = wild + l;  /* continue after 'p' */
   }
@@ -1023,8 +1059,8 @@ LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s,
 }
 
 
-static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+void *luaL_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
-  (void)ud; (void)osize;  /* not used */
+  UNUSED(ud); UNUSED(osize);
   if (nsize == 0) {
     free(ptr);
     return NULL;
@@ -1035,7 +1071,7 @@ static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
 
 
 /*
-** Standard panic funcion just prints an error message. The test
+** Standard panic function just prints an error message. The test
 ** with 'lua_type' avoids possible memory errors in 'lua_tostring'.
 */
 static int panic (lua_State *L) {
@@ -1105,11 +1141,64 @@ static void warnfon (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
 }
 
 
-LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {
+
-  lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);
+/*
+** A function to compute an unsigned int with some level of
+** randomness. Rely on Address Space Layout Randomization (if present)
+** and the current time.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_makeseed)
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+/* Size for the buffer, in bytes */
+#define BUFSEEDB	(sizeof(void*) + sizeof(time_t))
+
+/* Size for the buffer in int's, rounded up */
+#define BUFSEED		((BUFSEEDB + sizeof(int) - 1) / sizeof(int))
+
+/*
+** Copy the contents of variable 'v' into the buffer pointed by 'b'.
+** (The '&b[0]' disguises 'b' to fix an absurd warning from clang.)
+*/
+#define addbuff(b,v)	(memcpy(&b[0], &(v), sizeof(v)), b += sizeof(v))
+
+
+static unsigned int luai_makeseed (void) {
+  unsigned int buff[BUFSEED];
+  unsigned int res;
+  unsigned int i;
+  time_t t = time(NULL);
+  char *b = (char*)buff;
+  addbuff(b, b);  /* local variable's address */
+  addbuff(b, t);  /* time */
+  /* fill (rare but possible) remain of the buffer with zeros */
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(buff) - BUFSEEDB);
+  res = buff[0];
+  for (i = 1; i < BUFSEED; i++)
+    res ^= (res >> 3) + (res << 7) + buff[i];
+  return res;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+LUALIB_API unsigned int luaL_makeseed (lua_State *L) {
+  UNUSED(L);
+  return luai_makeseed();
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Use the name with parentheses so that headers can redefine it
+** as a macro.
+*/
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void) {
+  lua_State *L = lua_newstate(luaL_alloc, NULL, luaL_makeseed(NULL));
   if (l_likely(L)) {
     lua_atpanic(L, &panic);
-    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfoff, L);  /* default is warnings off */
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfon, L);
   }
   return L;
 }

lib/lua/lauxlib.h

@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *def,
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_fileresult) (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_execresult) (lua_State *L, int stat);
 
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,
+                                                    size_t nsize);
+
 
 /* predefined references */
 #define LUA_NOREF       (-2)
@@ -100,6 +103,8 @@ LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
 
 LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
 
+LUALIB_API unsigned (luaL_makeseed) (lua_State *L);
+
 LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 
 LUALIB_API void (luaL_addgsub) (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
@@ -163,21 +168,10 @@ LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
 
 
 /* push the value used to represent failure/error */
-#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushnil(L)
+#if defined(LUA_FAILISFALSE)
-
+#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushboolean(L, 0)
-
-/*
-** Internal assertions for in-house debugging
-*/
-#if !defined(lua_assert)
-
-#if defined LUAI_ASSERT
-  #include <assert.h>
-  #define lua_assert(c)		assert(c)
 #else
-  #define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
+#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushnil(L)
-#endif
-
 #endif
 
 
@@ -249,30 +243,6 @@ typedef struct luaL_Stream {
 
 /* }====================================================== */
 
-/*
-** {==================================================================
-** "Abstraction Layer" for basic report of messages and errors
-** ===================================================================
-*/
-
-/* print a string */
-#if !defined(lua_writestring)
-#define lua_writestring(s,l)   fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)
-#endif
-
-/* print a newline and flush the output */
-#if !defined(lua_writeline)
-#define lua_writeline()        (lua_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))
-#endif
-
-/* print an error message */
-#if !defined(lua_writestringerror)
-#define lua_writestringerror(s,p) \
-        (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))
-#endif
-
-/* }================================================================== */
-
 
 /*
 ** {============================================================

lib/lua/lbaselib.c

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
@@ -57,21 +58,22 @@ static int luaB_warn (lua_State *L) {
 
 #define SPACECHARS	" \f\n\r\t\v"
 
-static const char *b_str2int (const char *s, int base, lua_Integer *pn) {
+static const char *b_str2int (const char *s, unsigned base, lua_Integer *pn) {
   lua_Unsigned n = 0;
   int neg = 0;
   s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip initial spaces */
   if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; }  /* handle sign */
   else if (*s == '+') s++;
-  if (!isalnum((unsigned char)*s))  /* no digit? */
+  if (!isalnum(cast_uchar(*s)))  /* no digit? */
     return NULL;
   do {
-    int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'
+    unsigned digit = cast_uint(isdigit(cast_uchar(*s))
-                   : (toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A') + 10;
+                               ? *s - '0'
+                               : (toupper(cast_uchar(*s)) - 'A') + 10);
     if (digit >= base) return NULL;  /* invalid numeral */
     n = n * base + digit;
     s++;
-  } while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));
+  } while (isalnum(cast_uchar(*s)));
   s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip trailing spaces */
   *pn = (lua_Integer)((neg) ? (0u - n) : n);
   return s;
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
     luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TSTRING);  /* no numbers as strings */
     s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
     luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
-    if (b_str2int(s, (int)base, &n) == s + l) {
+    if (b_str2int(s, cast_uint(base), &n) == s + l) {
       lua_pushinteger(L, n);
       return 1;
     }  /* else not a number */
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {
   int t = lua_type(L, 1);
   luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
                       "table or string");
-  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(lua_rawlen(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -198,11 +200,11 @@ static int pushmode (lua_State *L, int oldmode) {
 
 static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
   static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
-    "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
+    "count", "step", "isrunning", "generational", "incremental",
-    "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};
+    "param", NULL};
-  static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
+  static const char optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
-    LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,
+    LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC,
-    LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};
+    LUA_GCPARAM};
   int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
   switch (o) {
     case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
@@ -213,20 +215,12 @@ static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
       return 1;
     }
     case LUA_GCSTEP: {
-      int step = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      lua_Integer n = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
-      int res = lua_gc(L, o, step);
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o, cast_sizet(n));
       checkvalres(res);
       lua_pushboolean(L, res);
       return 1;
     }
-    case LUA_GCSETPAUSE:
-    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
-      int p = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
-      int previous = lua_gc(L, o, p);
-      checkvalres(previous);
-      lua_pushinteger(L, previous);
-      return 1;
-    }
     case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
       int res = lua_gc(L, o);
       checkvalres(res);
@@ -234,15 +228,22 @@ static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
       return 1;
     }
     case LUA_GCGEN: {
-      int minormul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o));
-      int majormul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
-      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o, minormul, majormul));
     }
     case LUA_GCINC: {
-      int pause = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o));
-      int stepmul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+    }
-      int stepsize = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 4, 0);
+    case LUA_GCPARAM: {
-      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o, pause, stepmul, stepsize));
+      static const char *const params[] = {
+        "minormul", "majorminor", "minormajor",
+        "pause", "stepmul", "stepsize", NULL};
+      static const char pnum[] = {
+        LUA_GCPMINORMUL, LUA_GCPMAJORMINOR, LUA_GCPMINORMAJOR,
+        LUA_GCPPAUSE, LUA_GCPSTEPMUL, LUA_GCPSTEPSIZE};
+      int p = pnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, params)];
+      lua_Integer value = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gc(L, o, p, (int)value));
+      return 1;
     }
     default: {
       int res = lua_gc(L, o);
@@ -278,21 +279,22 @@ static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int pairscont (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext k) {
   (void)L; (void)status; (void)k;  /* unused */
-  return 3;
+  return 4;  /* __pairs did all the work, just return its results */
 }
 
 static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_checkany(L, 1);
   if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__pairs") == LUA_TNIL) {  /* no metamethod? */
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, luaB_next);  /* will return generator, */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, luaB_next);  /* will return generator and */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state, */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state */
-    lua_pushnil(L);  /* and initial value */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* initial value */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* to-be-closed object */
   }
   else {
     lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
-    lua_callk(L, 1, 3, 0, pairscont);  /* get 3 values from metamethod */
+    lua_callk(L, 1, 4, 0, pairscont);  /* get 4 values from metamethod */
   }
-  return 3;
+  return 4;
 }
 
 
@@ -337,9 +339,19 @@ static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status, int envidx) {
 }
 
 
+static const char *getMode (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, idx, NULL);
+  if (mode != NULL && strchr(mode, 'B') != NULL) {
+    /* Lua code cannot use fixed buffers */
+    luaL_argerror(L, idx, "invalid mode");
+  }
+  return mode;
+}
+
+
 static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
   const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
-  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
+  const char *mode = getMode(L, 2);
   int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 3) ? 3 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
   int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);
   return load_aux(L, status, env);
@@ -354,33 +366,24 @@ static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 /*
-** reserved slot, above all arguments, to hold a copy of the returned
+** Reader for generic 'load' function.
-** string to avoid it being collected while parsed. 'load' has four
-** optional arguments (chunk, source name, mode, and environment).
-*/
-#define RESERVEDSLOT	5
-
-
-/*
-** Reader for generic 'load' function: 'lua_load' uses the
-** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
-** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
-** reserved slot inside the stack.
 */
 static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
-  (void)(ud);  /* not used */
+  int *firstcall = cast(int *, ud);
   luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
+  if (*firstcall)
+    *firstcall = 0;
+  else
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove previous result */
   lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* get function */
   lua_call(L, 0, 1);  /* call it */
   if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
-    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop result */
     *size = 0;
     return NULL;
   }
   else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
     luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
-  lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* save string in reserved slot */
+  return lua_tolstring(L, -1, size);
-  return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);
 }
 
 
@@ -388,17 +391,17 @@ static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
   int status;
   size_t l;
   const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
-  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");
+  const char *mode = getMode(L, 3);
   int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 4) ? 4 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
   if (s != NULL) {  /* loading a string? */
     const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
     status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);
   }
   else {  /* loading from a reader function */
+    int firstcall = 1;  /* userdata for generic_reader */
     const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
     luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
-    lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* create reserved slot */
+    status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, &firstcall, chunkname, mode);
-    status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);
   }
   return load_aux(L, status, env);
 }
@@ -415,7 +418,7 @@ static int dofilecont (lua_State *L, int d1, lua_KContext d2) {
 static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
   const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
   lua_settop(L, 1);
-  if (l_unlikely(luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK))
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, "bt") != LUA_OK))
     return lua_error(L);
   lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);
   return dofilecont(L, 0, 0);

lib/lua/lcode.c

@@ -31,10 +31,6 @@
 #include "lvm.h"
 
 
-/* Maximum number of registers in a Lua function (must fit in 8 bits) */
-#define MAXREGS		255
-
-
 /* (note that expressions VJMP also have jumps.) */
 #define hasjumps(e)	((e)->t != (e)->f)
 
@@ -44,8 +40,12 @@ static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k);
 
 
 /* semantic error */
-l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  const char *msg;
+  va_list argp;
+  pushvfstring(ls->L, argp, fmt, msg);
   ls->t.token = 0;  /* remove "near <token>" from final message */
+  ls->linenumber = ls->lastline;  /* back to line of last used token */
   luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg);
 }
 
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {
     case 1: op = OP_RETURN1; break;
     default: op = OP_RETURN; break;
   }
+  luaY_checklimit(fs, nret + 1, MAXARG_B, "returns");
   luaK_codeABC(fs, op, first, nret + 1, 0);
 }
 
@@ -332,15 +333,15 @@ static void savelineinfo (FuncState *fs, Proto *f, int line) {
   int pc = fs->pc - 1;  /* last instruction coded */
   if (abs(linedif) >= LIMLINEDIFF || fs->iwthabs++ >= MAXIWTHABS) {
     luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->abslineinfo, fs->nabslineinfo,
-                    f->sizeabslineinfo, AbsLineInfo, MAX_INT, "lines");
+                    f->sizeabslineinfo, AbsLineInfo, INT_MAX, "lines");
     f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo].pc = pc;
     f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo++].line = line;
     linedif = ABSLINEINFO;  /* signal that there is absolute information */
     fs->iwthabs = 1;  /* restart counter */
   }
   luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->lineinfo, pc, f->sizelineinfo, ls_byte,
-                  MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+                  INT_MAX, "opcodes");
-  f->lineinfo[pc] = linedif;
+  f->lineinfo[pc] = cast(ls_byte, linedif);
   fs->previousline = line;  /* last line saved */
 }
 
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i) {
   Proto *f = fs->f;
   /* put new instruction in code array */
   luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
-                  MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+                  INT_MAX, "opcodes");
   f->code[fs->pc++] = i;
   savelineinfo(fs, f, fs->ls->lastline);
   return fs->pc - 1;  /* index of new instruction */
@@ -395,32 +396,40 @@ int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i) {
 ** Format and emit an 'iABC' instruction. (Assertions check consistency
 ** of parameters versus opcode.)
 */
-int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c, int k) {
+int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C, int k) {
   lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
-  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_B &&
+  lua_assert(A <= MAXARG_A && B <= MAXARG_B &&
-             c <= MAXARG_C && (k & ~1) == 0);
+             C <= MAXARG_C && (k & ~1) == 0);
-  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABCk(o, a, b, c, k));
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABCk(o, A, B, C, k));
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codevABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C, int k) {
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == ivABC);
+  lua_assert(A <= MAXARG_A && B <= MAXARG_vB &&
+             C <= MAXARG_vC && (k & ~1) == 0);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_vABCk(o, A, B, C, k));
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** Format and emit an 'iABx' instruction.
 */
-int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int Bc) {
   lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx);
-  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && bc <= MAXARG_Bx);
+  lua_assert(A <= MAXARG_A && Bc <= MAXARG_Bx);
-  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc));
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, A, Bc));
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** Format and emit an 'iAsBx' instruction.
 */
-static int codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int bc) {
+static int codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int Bc) {
-  unsigned int b = bc + OFFSET_sBx;
+  int b = Bc + OFFSET_sBx;
   lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
-  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_Bx);
+  lua_assert(A <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_Bx);
-  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, b));
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, A, b));
 }
 
 
@@ -428,7 +437,7 @@ static int codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int bc) {
 ** Format and emit an 'isJ' instruction.
 */
 static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k) {
-  unsigned int j = sj + OFFSET_sJ;
+  int j = sj + OFFSET_sJ;
   lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == isJ);
   lua_assert(j <= MAXARG_sJ && (k & ~1) == 0);
   return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_sJ(o, j, k));
@@ -438,9 +447,9 @@ static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k) {
 /*
 ** Emit an "extra argument" instruction (format 'iAx')
 */
-static int codeextraarg (FuncState *fs, int a) {
+static int codeextraarg (FuncState *fs, int A) {
-  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_Ax);
+  lua_assert(A <= MAXARG_Ax);
-  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, a));
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, A));
 }
 
 
@@ -467,9 +476,7 @@ static int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k) {
 void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
   int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
   if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {
-    if (newstack >= MAXREGS)
+    luaY_checklimit(fs, newstack, MAX_FSTACK, "registers");
-      luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls,
-        "function or expression needs too many registers");
     fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
   }
 }
@@ -480,7 +487,7 @@ void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
 */
 void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {
   luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
-  fs->freereg += n;
+  fs->freereg =  cast_byte(fs->freereg + n);
 }
 
 
@@ -534,35 +541,14 @@ static void freeexps (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
 
 /*
 ** Add constant 'v' to prototype's list of constants (field 'k').
-** Use scanner's table to cache position of constants in constant list
-** and try to reuse constants. Because some values should not be used
-** as keys (nil cannot be a key, integer keys can collapse with float
-** keys), the caller must provide a useful 'key' for indexing the cache.
-** Note that all functions share the same table, so entering or exiting
-** a function can make some indices wrong.
 */
-static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, Proto *f, TValue *v) {
-  TValue val;
   lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
-  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int oldsize = f->sizek;
-  const TValue *idx = luaH_get(fs->ls->h, key);  /* query scanner table */
+  int k = fs->nk;
-  int k, oldsize;
-  if (ttisinteger(idx)) {  /* is there an index there? */
-    k = cast_int(ivalue(idx));
-    /* correct value? (warning: must distinguish floats from integers!) */
-    if (k < fs->nk && ttypetag(&f->k[k]) == ttypetag(v) &&
-                      luaV_rawequalobj(&f->k[k], v))
-      return k;  /* reuse index */
-  }
-  /* constant not found; create a new entry */
-  oldsize = f->sizek;
-  k = fs->nk;
-  /* numerical value does not need GC barrier;
-     table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
-  setivalue(&val, k);
-  luaH_finishset(L, fs->ls->h, key, idx, &val);
   luaM_growvector(L, f->k, k, f->sizek, TValue, MAXARG_Ax, "constants");
-  while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+  while (oldsize < f->sizek)
+    setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
   setobj(L, &f->k[k], v);
   fs->nk++;
   luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
@@ -570,13 +556,40 @@ static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Use scanner's table to cache position of constants in constant list
+** and try to reuse constants. Because some values should not be used
+** as keys (nil cannot be a key, integer keys can collapse with float
+** keys), the caller must provide a useful 'key' for indexing the cache.
+*/
+static int k2proto (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
+  TValue val;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int tag = luaH_get(fs->kcache, key, &val);  /* query scanner table */
+  if (!tagisempty(tag)) {  /* is there an index there? */
+    int k = cast_int(ivalue(&val));
+    /* collisions can happen only for float keys */
+    lua_assert(ttisfloat(key) || luaV_rawequalobj(&f->k[k], v));
+    return k;  /* reuse index */
+  }
+  else {  /* constant not found; create a new entry */
+    int k = addk(fs, f, v);
+    /* cache it for reuse; numerical value does not need GC barrier;
+       table is not a metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+    setivalue(&val, k);
+    luaH_set(fs->ls->L, fs->kcache, key, &val);
+    return k;
+  }
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Add a string to list of constants and return its index.
 */
 static int stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
   TValue o;
   setsvalue(fs->ls->L, &o, s);
-  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use string itself as key */
+  return k2proto(fs, &o, &o);  /* use string itself as key */
 }
 
 
@@ -586,36 +599,42 @@ static int stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
 static int luaK_intK (FuncState *fs, lua_Integer n) {
   TValue o;
   setivalue(&o, n);
-  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use integer itself as key */
+  return k2proto(fs, &o, &o);  /* use integer itself as key */
 }
 
 /*
 ** Add a float to list of constants and return its index. Floats
 ** with integral values need a different key, to avoid collision
-** with actual integers. To that, we add to the number its smaller
+** with actual integers. To that end, we add to the number its smaller
 ** power-of-two fraction that is still significant in its scale.
-** For doubles, that would be 1/2^52.
+** (For doubles, the fraction would be 2^-52).
-** (This method is not bulletproof: there may be another float
+** This method is not bulletproof: different numbers may generate the
-** with that value, and for floats larger than 2^53 the result is
+** same key (e.g., very large numbers will overflow to 'inf') and for
-** still an integer. At worst, this only wastes an entry with
+** floats larger than 2^53 the result is still an integer. For those
-** a duplicate.)
+** cases, just generate a new entry. At worst, this only wastes an entry
+** with a duplicate.
 */
 static int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
-  TValue o;
+  TValue o, kv;
-  lua_Integer ik;
+  setfltvalue(&o, r);  /* value as a TValue */
-  setfltvalue(&o, r);
+  if (r == 0) {  /* handle zero as a special case */
-  if (!luaV_flttointeger(r, &ik, F2Ieq))  /* not an integral value? */
+    setpvalue(&kv, fs);  /* use FuncState as index */
-    return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use number itself as key */
+    return k2proto(fs, &kv, &o);  /* cannot collide */
-  else {  /* must build an alternative key */
+  }
+  else {
     const int nbm = l_floatatt(MANT_DIG);
     const lua_Number q = l_mathop(ldexp)(l_mathop(1.0), -nbm + 1);
-    const lua_Number k = (ik == 0) ? q : r + r*q;  /* new key */
+    const lua_Number k =  r * (1 + q);  /* key */
-    TValue kv;
+    lua_Integer ik;
-    setfltvalue(&kv, k);
+    setfltvalue(&kv, k);  /* key as a TValue */
-    /* result is not an integral value, unless value is too large */
+    if (!luaV_flttointeger(k, &ik, F2Ieq)) {  /* not an integer value? */
-    lua_assert(!luaV_flttointeger(k, &ik, F2Ieq) ||
+      int n = k2proto(fs, &kv, &o);  /* use key */
-                l_mathop(fabs)(r) >= l_mathop(1e6));
+      if (luaV_rawequalobj(&fs->f->k[n], &o))  /* correct value? */
-    return addk(fs, &kv, &o);
+        return n;
+    }
+    /* else, either key is still an integer or there was a collision;
+       anyway, do not try to reuse constant; instead, create a new one */
+    return addk(fs, fs->f, &o);
   }
 }
 
@@ -626,7 +645,7 @@ static int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
 static int boolF (FuncState *fs) {
   TValue o;
   setbfvalue(&o);
-  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
+  return k2proto(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
 }
 
 
@@ -636,7 +655,7 @@ static int boolF (FuncState *fs) {
 static int boolT (FuncState *fs) {
   TValue o;
   setbtvalue(&o);
-  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
+  return k2proto(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
 }
 
 
@@ -644,11 +663,11 @@ static int boolT (FuncState *fs) {
 ** Add nil to list of constants and return its index.
 */
 static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {
-  TValue k, v;
+  lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
-  setnilvalue(&v);
+  TValue k;
-  /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+  /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself */
-  sethvalue(fs->ls->L, &k, fs->ls->h);
+  sethvalue(L, &k, fs->kcache);
-  return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+  return k2proto(fs, &k, &G(L)->nilvalue);
 }
 
 
@@ -687,6 +706,22 @@ static void luaK_float (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Number f) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Get the value of 'var' in a register and generate an opcode to check
+** whether that register is nil. 'k' is the index of the variable name
+** in the list of constants. If its value cannot be encoded in Bx, a 0
+** will use '?' for the name.
+*/
+void luaK_codecheckglobal (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, int k, int line) {
+  luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, var);
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  k = (k >= MAXARG_Bx) ? 0 : k + 1;
+  luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_ERRNNIL, var->u.info, k);
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  freeexp(fs, var);
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Convert a constant in 'v' into an expression description 'e'
 */
@@ -721,6 +756,7 @@ static void const2exp (TValue *v, expdesc *e) {
 */
 void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
   Instruction *pc = &getinstruction(fs, e);
+  luaY_checklimit(fs, nresults + 1, MAXARG_C, "multiple results");
   if (e->k == VCALL)  /* expression is an open function call? */
     SETARG_C(*pc, nresults + 1);
   else {
@@ -735,10 +771,11 @@ void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
 /*
 ** Convert a VKSTR to a VK
 */
-static void str2K (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+static int str2K (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
   lua_assert(e->k == VKSTR);
   e->u.info = stringK(fs, e->u.strval);
   e->k = VK;
+  return e->u.info;
 }
 
 
@@ -765,6 +802,15 @@ void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Change a vararg parameter into a regular local variable
+*/
+void luaK_vapar2local (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var) {
+  needvatab(fs->f);  /* function will need a vararg table */
+  /* now a vararg parameter is equivalent to a regular local variable */
+  var->k = VLOCAL;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** Ensure that expression 'e' is not a variable (nor a <const>).
@@ -776,9 +822,12 @@ void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
       const2exp(const2val(fs, e), e);
       break;
     }
+    case VVARGVAR: {
+      luaK_vapar2local(fs, e);  /* turn it into a local variable */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
     case VLOCAL: {  /* already in a register */
       int temp = e->u.var.ridx;
-      e->u.info = temp;  /* (can't do a direct assignment; values overlap) */
+      e->u.info = temp;  /* (avoid a direct assignment; values overlap) */
       e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* becomes a non-relocatable value */
       break;
     }
@@ -810,6 +859,12 @@ void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
       e->k = VRELOC;
       break;
     }
+    case VVARGIND: {
+      freeregs(fs, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETVARG, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
     case VVARARG: case VCALL: {
       luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
       break;
@@ -972,11 +1027,11 @@ int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
 
 
 /*
-** Ensures final expression result is either in a register
+** Ensures final expression result is either in a register,
-** or in an upvalue.
+** in an upvalue, or it is the vararg parameter.
 */
 void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
-  if (e->k != VUPVAL || hasjumps(e))
+  if ((e->k != VUPVAL && e->k != VVARGVAR) || hasjumps(e))
     luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
 }
 
@@ -1037,10 +1092,10 @@ static int exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
 }
 
 
-static void codeABRK (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b,
+static void codeABRK (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B,
                       expdesc *ec) {
   int k = exp2RK(fs, ec);
-  luaK_codeABCk(fs, o, a, b, ec->u.info, k);
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, o, A, B, ec->u.info, k);
 }
 
 
@@ -1071,6 +1126,10 @@ void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
       codeABRK(fs, OP_SETFIELD, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
       break;
     }
+    case VVARGIND: {
+      needvatab(fs->f);  /* function will need a vararg table */
+      /* now, assignment is to a regular table */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
     case VINDEXED: {
       codeABRK(fs, OP_SETTABLE, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
       break;
@@ -1081,22 +1140,6 @@ void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
 }
 
 
-/*
-** Emit SELF instruction (convert expression 'e' into 'e:key(e,').
-*/
-void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
-  int ereg;
-  luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
-  ereg = e->u.info;  /* register where 'e' was placed */
-  freeexp(fs, e);
-  e->u.info = fs->freereg;  /* base register for op_self */
-  e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* self expression has a fixed register */
-  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2);  /* function and 'self' produced by op_self */
-  codeABRK(fs, OP_SELF, e->u.info, ereg, key);
-  freeexp(fs, key);
-}
-
-
 /*
 ** Negate condition 'e' (where 'e' is a comparison).
 */
@@ -1159,7 +1202,7 @@ void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
 /*
 ** Emit code to go through if 'e' is false, jump otherwise.
 */
-void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+static void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
   int pc;  /* pc of new jump */
   luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
   switch (e->k) {
@@ -1220,7 +1263,7 @@ static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
 ** Check whether expression 'e' is a short literal string
 */
 static int isKstr (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
-  return (e->k == VK && !hasjumps(e) && e->u.info <= MAXARG_B &&
+  return (e->k == VK && !hasjumps(e) && e->u.info <= MAXINDEXRK &&
           ttisshrstring(&fs->f->k[e->u.info]));
 }
 
@@ -1271,6 +1314,40 @@ static int isSCnumber (expdesc *e, int *pi, int *isfloat) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Emit SELF instruction or equivalent: the code will convert
+** expression 'e' into 'e.key(e,'.
+*/
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
+  int ereg, base;
+  luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+  ereg = e->u.info;  /* register where 'e' (the receiver) was placed */
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  base = e->u.info = fs->freereg;  /* base register for op_self */
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* self expression has a fixed register */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2);  /* method and 'self' produced by op_self */
+  lua_assert(key->k == VKSTR);
+  /* is method name a short string in a valid K index? */
+  if (strisshr(key->u.strval) && luaK_exp2K(fs, key)) {
+    /* can use 'self' opcode */
+    luaK_codeABCk(fs, OP_SELF, base, ereg, key->u.info, 0);
+  }
+  else {  /* cannot use 'self' opcode; use move+gettable */
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, key);  /* put method name in a register */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, base + 1, ereg, 0);  /* copy self to base+1 */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABLE, base, ereg, key->u.info);  /* get method */
+  }
+  freeexp(fs, key);
+}
+
+
+/* auxiliary function to define indexing expressions */
+static void fillidxk (expdesc *t, int idx, expkind k) {
+  t->u.ind.idx = cast_byte(idx);
+  t->k = k;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Create expression 't[k]'. 't' must have its final result already in a
 ** register or upvalue. Upvalues can only be indexed by literal strings.
@@ -1278,35 +1355,40 @@ static int isSCnumber (expdesc *e, int *pi, int *isfloat) {
 ** values in registers.
 */
 void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {
+  int keystr = -1;
   if (k->k == VKSTR)
-    str2K(fs, k);
+    keystr = str2K(fs, k);
   lua_assert(!hasjumps(t) &&
-             (t->k == VLOCAL || t->k == VNONRELOC || t->k == VUPVAL));
+             (t->k == VLOCAL || t->k == VVARGVAR ||
+              t->k == VNONRELOC || t->k == VUPVAL));
   if (t->k == VUPVAL && !isKstr(fs, k))  /* upvalue indexed by non 'Kstr'? */
     luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, t);  /* put it in a register */
   if (t->k == VUPVAL) {
-    int temp = t->u.info;  /* upvalue index */
+    lu_byte temp = cast_byte(t->u.info);  /* upvalue index */
+    t->u.ind.t = temp;  /* (avoid a direct assignment; values overlap) */
     lua_assert(isKstr(fs, k));
-    t->u.ind.t = temp;  /* (can't do a direct assignment; values overlap) */
+    fillidxk(t, k->u.info, VINDEXUP);  /* literal short string */
-    t->u.ind.idx = k->u.info;  /* literal short string */
+  }
-    t->k = VINDEXUP;
+  else if (t->k == VVARGVAR) {  /* indexing the vararg parameter? */
+    int kreg = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, k);  /* put key in some register */
+    lu_byte vreg = cast_byte(t->u.var.ridx);  /* register with vararg param. */
+    lua_assert(vreg == fs->f->numparams);
+    t->u.ind.t = vreg;  /* (avoid a direct assignment; values may overlap?) */
+    fillidxk(t, kreg, VVARGIND);  /* 't' represents 'vararg[k]' */
   }
   else {
     /* register index of the table */
-    t->u.ind.t = (t->k == VLOCAL) ? t->u.var.ridx: t->u.info;
+    lu_byte temp = cast_byte((t->k == VLOCAL) ? t->u.var.ridx: t->u.info);
-    if (isKstr(fs, k)) {
+    t->u.ind.t = temp;  /* (avoid a direct assignment; values may overlap?) */
-      t->u.ind.idx = k->u.info;  /* literal short string */
+    if (isKstr(fs, k))
-      t->k = VINDEXSTR;
+      fillidxk(t, k->u.info, VINDEXSTR);  /* literal short string */
-    }
+    else if (isCint(k))  /* int. constant in proper range? */
-    else if (isCint(k)) {
+      fillidxk(t, cast_int(k->u.ival), VINDEXI);
-      t->u.ind.idx = cast_int(k->u.ival);  /* int. constant in proper range */
+    else
-      t->k = VINDEXI;
+      fillidxk(t, luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, k), VINDEXED);  /* register */
-    }
-    else {
-      t->u.ind.idx = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, k);  /* register */
-      t->k = VINDEXED;
-    }
   }
+  t->u.ind.keystr = keystr;  /* string index in 'k' */
+  t->u.ind.ro = 0;  /* by default, not read-only */
 }
 
 
@@ -1413,7 +1495,7 @@ static void finishbinexpval (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2,
   e1->u.info = pc;
   e1->k = VRELOC;  /* all those operations are relocatable */
   luaK_fixline(fs, line);
-  luaK_codeABCk(fs, mmop, v1, v2, event, flip);  /* to call metamethod */
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, mmop, v1, v2, cast_int(event), flip);  /* metamethod */
   luaK_fixline(fs, line);
 }
 
@@ -1618,7 +1700,7 @@ void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr opr, expdesc *e, int line) {
   luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
   switch (opr) {
     case OPR_MINUS: case OPR_BNOT:  /* use 'ef' as fake 2nd operand */
-      if (constfolding(fs, opr + LUA_OPUNM, e, &ef))
+      if (constfolding(fs, cast_int(opr + LUA_OPUNM), e, &ef))
         break;
       /* else */ /* FALLTHROUGH */
     case OPR_LEN:
@@ -1706,7 +1788,7 @@ static void codeconcat (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
 void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
                   expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
   luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
-  if (foldbinop(opr) && constfolding(fs, opr + LUA_OPADD, e1, e2))
+  if (foldbinop(opr) && constfolding(fs, cast_int(opr + LUA_OPADD), e1, e2))
     return;  /* done by folding */
   switch (opr) {
     case OPR_AND: {
@@ -1792,11 +1874,11 @@ void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {
 
 void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc, int ra, int asize, int hsize) {
   Instruction *inst = &fs->f->code[pc];
-  int rb = (hsize != 0) ? luaO_ceillog2(hsize) + 1 : 0;  /* hash size */
+  int extra = asize / (MAXARG_vC + 1);  /* higher bits of array size */
-  int extra = asize / (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* higher bits of array size */
+  int rc = asize % (MAXARG_vC + 1);  /* lower bits of array size */
-  int rc = asize % (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* lower bits of array size */
   int k = (extra > 0);  /* true iff needs extra argument */
-  *inst = CREATE_ABCk(OP_NEWTABLE, ra, rb, rc, k);
+  hsize = (hsize != 0) ? luaO_ceillog2(cast_uint(hsize)) + 1 : 0;
+  *inst = CREATE_vABCk(OP_NEWTABLE, ra, hsize, rc, k);
   *(inst + 1) = CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, extra);
 }
 
@@ -1809,18 +1891,18 @@ void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc, int ra, int asize, int hsize) {
 ** table (or LUA_MULTRET to add up to stack top).
 */
 void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
-  lua_assert(tostore != 0 && tostore <= LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH);
+  lua_assert(tostore != 0);
   if (tostore == LUA_MULTRET)
     tostore = 0;
-  if (nelems <= MAXARG_C)
+  if (nelems <= MAXARG_vC)
-    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems);
+    luaK_codevABCk(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems, 0);
   else {
-    int extra = nelems / (MAXARG_C + 1);
+    int extra = nelems / (MAXARG_vC + 1);
-    nelems %= (MAXARG_C + 1);
+    nelems %= (MAXARG_vC + 1);
-    luaK_codeABCk(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems, 1);
+    luaK_codevABCk(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems, 1);
     codeextraarg(fs, extra);
   }
-  fs->freereg = base + 1;  /* free registers with list values */
+  fs->freereg = cast_byte(base + 1);  /* free registers with list values */
 }
 
 
@@ -1833,8 +1915,8 @@ static int finaltarget (Instruction *code, int i) {
     Instruction pc = code[i];
     if (GET_OPCODE(pc) != OP_JMP)
       break;
-     else
+    else
-       i += GETARG_sJ(pc) + 1;
+      i += GETARG_sJ(pc) + 1;
   }
   return i;
 }
@@ -1844,15 +1926,18 @@ static int finaltarget (Instruction *code, int i) {
 ** Do a final pass over the code of a function, doing small peephole
 ** optimizations and adjustments.
 */
+#include "lopnames.h"
 void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs) {
   int i;
   Proto *p = fs->f;
+  if (p->flag & PF_VATAB)  /* will it use a vararg table? */
+    p->flag &= cast_byte(~PF_VAHID);  /* then it will not use hidden args. */
   for (i = 0; i < fs->pc; i++) {
     Instruction *pc = &p->code[i];
-    lua_assert(i == 0 || isOT(*(pc - 1)) == isIT(*pc));
+    lua_assert(i == 0 || luaP_isOT(*(pc - 1)) == luaP_isIT(*pc));
     switch (GET_OPCODE(*pc)) {
       case OP_RETURN0: case OP_RETURN1: {
-        if (!(fs->needclose || p->is_vararg))
+        if (!(fs->needclose || (p->flag & PF_VAHID)))
           break;  /* no extra work */
         /* else use OP_RETURN to do the extra work */
         SET_OPCODE(*pc, OP_RETURN);
@@ -1860,13 +1945,23 @@ void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs) {
       case OP_RETURN: case OP_TAILCALL: {
         if (fs->needclose)
           SETARG_k(*pc, 1);  /* signal that it needs to close */
-        if (p->is_vararg)
+        if (p->flag & PF_VAHID)  /* does it use hidden arguments? */
-          SETARG_C(*pc, p->numparams + 1);  /* signal that it is vararg */
+          SETARG_C(*pc, p->numparams + 1);  /* signal that */
         break;
       }
-      case OP_JMP: {
+      case OP_GETVARG: {
+        if (p->flag & PF_VATAB)  /* function has a vararg table? */
+          SET_OPCODE(*pc, OP_GETTABLE);  /* must get vararg there */
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_VARARG: {
+        if (p->flag & PF_VATAB)  /* function has a vararg table? */
+          SETARG_k(*pc, 1);  /* must get vararg there */
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_JMP: {  /* to optimize jumps to jumps */
         int target = finaltarget(p->code, i);
-        fixjump(fs, i, target);
+        fixjump(fs, i, target);  /* jump directly to final target */
         break;
       }
       default: break;

lib/lua/lcode.h

@@ -60,15 +60,20 @@ typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_BNOT, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
 #define luaK_jumpto(fs,t)	luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), t)
 
 LUAI_FUNC int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int Bx);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A,
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C,
-                                            int B, int C, int k);
+                                            int k);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codevABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C,
+                                             int k);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2const (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e, TValue *v);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_codecheckglobal (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, int k,
+                                                    int line);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_int (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Integer n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_vapar2local (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
@@ -77,7 +82,6 @@ LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ LUAI_FUNC void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc,
                                   int ra, int asize, int hsize);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs);
-LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lcorolib.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 static lua_State *getco (lua_State *L) {
@@ -153,8 +154,13 @@ static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+static lua_State *getoptco (lua_State *L) {
+  return (lua_isnone(L, 1) ? L : getco(L));
+}
+
+
 static int luaB_yieldable (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_State *co = lua_isnone(L, 1) ? L : getco(L);
+  lua_State *co = getoptco(L);
   lua_pushboolean(L, lua_isyieldable(co));
   return 1;
 }
@@ -168,7 +174,7 @@ static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 static int luaB_close (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  lua_State *co = getoptco(L);
   int status = auxstatus(L, co);
   switch (status) {
     case COS_DEAD: case COS_YIELD: {
@@ -183,8 +189,17 @@ static int luaB_close (lua_State *L) {
         return 2;
       }
     }
-    default:  /* normal or running coroutine */
+    case COS_NORM:
       return luaL_error(L, "cannot close a %s coroutine", statname[status]);
+    case COS_RUN:
+      lua_geti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD);  /* get main */
+      if (lua_tothread(L, -1) == co)
+        return luaL_error(L, "cannot close main thread");
+      lua_closethread(co, L);  /* close itself */
+      /* previous call does not return *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+    default:
+      lua_assert(0);
+      return 0;
   }
 }
 

lib/lua/lctype.c

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 
 #if defined (LUA_UCID)		/* accept UniCode IDentifiers? */
-/* consider all non-ascii codepoints to be alphabetic */
+/* consider all non-ASCII codepoints to be alphabetic */
 #define NONA		0x01
 #else
 #define NONA		0x00	/* default */

lib/lua/ldblib.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -190,8 +191,10 @@ static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
     settabsi(L, "ftransfer", ar.ftransfer);
     settabsi(L, "ntransfer", ar.ntransfer);
   }
-  if (strchr(options, 't'))
+  if (strchr(options, 't')) {
     settabsb(L, "istailcall", ar.istailcall);
+    settabsi(L, "extraargs", ar.extraargs);
+  }
   if (strchr(options, 'L'))
     treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
   if (strchr(options, 'f'))
@@ -424,7 +427,7 @@ static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {
     if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == NULL ||
         strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
       return 0;
-    if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
+    if (luaL_loadbufferx(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)", "t") ||
         lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
       lua_writestringerror("%s\n", luaL_tolstring(L, -1, NULL));
     lua_settop(L, 0);  /* remove eventual returns */
@@ -446,14 +449,6 @@ static int db_traceback (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-static int db_setcstacklimit (lua_State *L) {
-  int limit = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
-  int res = lua_setcstacklimit(L, limit);
-  lua_pushinteger(L, res);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
 static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {
   {"debug", db_debug},
   {"getuservalue", db_getuservalue},
@@ -471,7 +466,6 @@ static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {
   {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},
   {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},
   {"traceback", db_traceback},
-  {"setcstacklimit", db_setcstacklimit},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 

lib/lua/ldebug.c

@@ -33,13 +33,12 @@
 
 #define LuaClosure(f)		((f) != NULL && (f)->c.tt == LUA_VLCL)
 
+static const char strlocal[] = "local";
+static const char strupval[] = "upvalue";
 
 static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
                                                    const char **name);
 
-static const char strlocal[] = "local";
-static const char strupval[] = "upvalue";
-
 
 static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) {
   lua_assert(isLua(ci));
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ static int getbaseline (const Proto *f, int pc, int *basepc) {
     return f->linedefined;
   }
   else {
-    int i = cast_uint(pc) / MAXIWTHABS - 1;  /* get an estimate */
+    int i = pc / MAXIWTHABS - 1;  /* get an estimate */
     /* estimate must be a lower bound of the correct base */
     lua_assert(i < 0 ||
               (i < f->sizeabslineinfo && f->abslineinfo[i].pc <= pc));
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ static const char *upvalname (const Proto *p, int uv) {
 
 
 static const char *findvararg (CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
-  if (clLvalue(s2v(ci->func.p))->p->is_vararg) {
+  if (clLvalue(s2v(ci->func.p))->p->flag & PF_VAHID) {
     int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
     if (n >= -nextra) {  /* 'n' is negative */
       *pos = ci->func.p - nextra - (n + 1);
@@ -248,6 +247,7 @@ LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
   lua_lock(L);
   name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
   if (name) {
+    api_checkpop(L, 1);
     setobjs2s(L, pos, L->top.p - 1);
     L->top.p--;  /* pop value */
   }
@@ -267,8 +267,7 @@ static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {
   else {
     const Proto *p = cl->l.p;
     if (p->source) {
-      ar->source = getstr(p->source);
+      ar->source = getlstr(p->source, ar->srclen);
-      ar->srclen = tsslen(p->source);
     }
     else {
       ar->source = "=?";
@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ static int nextline (const Proto *p, int currentline, int pc) {
 
 static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
   if (!LuaClosure(f)) {
-    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+    setnilvalue2s(L->top.p);
     api_incr_top(L);
   }
   else {
@@ -305,7 +304,7 @@ static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
       int i;
       TValue v;
       setbtvalue(&v);  /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */
-      if (!p->is_vararg)  /* regular function? */
+      if (!(isvararg(p)))  /* regular function? */
         i = 0;  /* consider all instructions */
       else {  /* vararg function */
         lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(p->code[0]) == OP_VARARGPREP);
@@ -349,13 +348,21 @@ static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
           ar->nparams = 0;
         }
         else {
-          ar->isvararg = f->l.p->is_vararg;
+          ar->isvararg = (isvararg(f->l.p)) ? 1 : 0;
           ar->nparams = f->l.p->numparams;
         }
         break;
       }
       case 't': {
-        ar->istailcall = (ci) ? ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL : 0;
+        if (ci != NULL) {
+          ar->istailcall = !!(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL);
+          ar->extraargs =
+                   cast_uchar((ci->callstatus & MAX_CCMT) >> CIST_CCMT);
+        }
+        else {
+          ar->istailcall = 0;
+          ar->extraargs = 0;
+        }
         break;
       }
       case 'n': {
@@ -367,11 +374,11 @@ static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
         break;
       }
       case 'r': {
-        if (ci == NULL || !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TRAN))
+        if (ci == NULL || !(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED))
           ar->ftransfer = ar->ntransfer = 0;
         else {
-          ar->ftransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer;
+          ar->ftransfer = L->transferinfo.ftransfer;
-          ar->ntransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer;
+          ar->ntransfer = L->transferinfo.ntransfer;
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -536,24 +543,9 @@ static void rname (const Proto *p, int pc, int c, const char **name) {
 }
 
 
-/*
-** Find a "name" for a 'C' value in an RK instruction.
-*/
-static void rkname (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, const char **name) {
-  int c = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
-  if (GETARG_k(i))  /* is 'c' a constant? */
-    kname(p, c, name);
-  else  /* 'c' is a register */
-    rname(p, pc, c, name);
-}
-
-
 /*
 ** Check whether table being indexed by instruction 'i' is the
-** environment '_ENV'. If the table is an upvalue, get its name;
+** environment '_ENV'
-** otherwise, find some "name" for the table and check whether
-** that name is the name of a local variable (and not, for instance,
-** a string). Then check that, if there is a name, it is '_ENV'.
 */
 static const char *isEnv (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, int isup) {
   int t = GETARG_B(i);  /* table index */
@@ -562,6 +554,8 @@ static const char *isEnv (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, int isup) {
     name = upvalname(p, t);
   else {  /* 't' is a register */
     const char *what = basicgetobjname(p, &pc, t, &name);
+    /* 'name' must be the name of a local variable (at the current
+       level or an upvalue) */
     if (what != strlocal && what != strupval)
       name = NULL;  /* cannot be the variable _ENV */
   }
@@ -586,7 +580,7 @@ static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
         kname(p, k, name);
         return isEnv(p, lastpc, i, 1);
       }
-      case OP_GETTABLE: {
+      case OP_GETTABLE: case OP_GETVARG: {
         int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
         rname(p, lastpc, k, name);
         return isEnv(p, lastpc, i, 0);
@@ -601,7 +595,8 @@ static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
         return isEnv(p, lastpc, i, 0);
       }
       case OP_SELF: {
-        rkname(p, lastpc, i, name);
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        kname(p, k, name);
         return "method";
       }
       default: break;  /* go through to return NULL */
@@ -819,16 +814,26 @@ l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
 }
 
 
+l_noret luaG_errnnil (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl, int k) {
+  const char *globalname = "?";  /* default name if k == 0 */
+  if (k > 0)
+    kname(cl->p, k - 1, &globalname);
+  luaG_runerror(L, "global '%s' already defined", globalname);
+}
+
+
 /* add src:line information to 'msg' */
 const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg, TString *src,
                                         int line) {
-  char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
+  if (src == NULL)  /* no debug information? */
-  if (src)
+    return luaO_pushfstring(L, "?:?: %s", msg);
-    luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(src), tsslen(src));
+  else {
-  else {  /* no source available; use "?" instead */
+    char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
-    buff[0] = '?'; buff[1] = '\0';
+    size_t idlen;
+    const char *id = getlstr(src, idlen);
+    luaO_chunkid(buff, id, idlen);
+    return luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
   }
-  return luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
 }
 
 
@@ -841,6 +846,10 @@ l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {
     L->top.p++;  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
     luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top.p - 2, 1);  /* call it */
   }
+  if (ttisnil(s2v(L->top.p - 1))) {  /* error object is nil? */
+    /* change it to a proper message */
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p - 1, luaS_newliteral(L, "<no error object>"));
+  }
   luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
 }
 
@@ -850,10 +859,9 @@ l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
   const char *msg;
   va_list argp;
   luaC_checkGC(L);  /* error message uses memory */
-  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  pushvfstring(L, argp, fmt, msg);
-  msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);  /* format message */
+  if (isLua(ci)) {  /* Lua function? */
-  va_end(argp);
+    /* add source:line information */
-  if (isLua(ci)) {  /* if Lua function, add source:line information */
     luaG_addinfo(L, msg, ci_func(ci)->p->source, getcurrentline(ci));
     setobjs2s(L, L->top.p - 2, L->top.p - 1);  /* remove 'msg' */
     L->top.p--;
@@ -904,9 +912,9 @@ int luaG_tracecall (lua_State *L) {
   Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
   ci->u.l.trap = 1;  /* ensure hooks will be checked */
   if (ci->u.l.savedpc == p->code) {  /* first instruction (not resuming)? */
-    if (p->is_vararg)
+    if (isvararg(p))
       return 0;  /* hooks will start at VARARGPREP instruction */
-    else if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD))  /* not yieded? */
+    else if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD))  /* not yielded? */
       luaD_hookcall(L, ci);  /* check 'call' hook */
   }
   return 1;  /* keep 'trap' on */
@@ -927,7 +935,7 @@ int luaG_tracecall (lua_State *L) {
 */
 int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) {
   CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
-  lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+  lu_byte mask = cast_byte(L->hookmask);
   const Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
   int counthook;
   if (!(mask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT))) {  /* no hooks? */
@@ -945,7 +953,7 @@ int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) {
     ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* erase mark */
     return 1;  /* do not call hook again (VM yielded, so it did not move) */
   }
-  if (!isIT(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1)))  /* top not being used? */
+  if (!luaP_isIT(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1)))  /* top not being used? */
     L->top.p = ci->top.p;  /* correct top */
   if (counthook)
     luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1, 0, 0);  /* call count hook */

lib/lua/ldebug.h

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
                                                  const TValue *p2);
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
                                                  const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errnnil (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl, int k);
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
 LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg,
                                                   TString *src, int line);

lib/lua/ldo.c

@@ -38,16 +38,37 @@
 #define errorstatus(s)	((s) > LUA_YIELD)
 
 
+/*
+** these macros allow user-specific actions when a thread is
+** resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+
 /*
 ** {======================================================
 ** Error-recovery functions
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
+/* chained list of long jump buffers */
+typedef struct lua_longjmp {
+  struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+  jmp_buf b;
+  volatile TStatus status;  /* error code */
+} lua_longjmp;
+
+
 /*
 ** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
 ** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
-** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
+** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when available (POSIX), and with
 ** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
 */
 #if !defined(LUAI_THROW)				/* { */
@@ -56,70 +77,64 @@
 
 /* C++ exceptions */
 #define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		throw(c)
-#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
+
-	try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
+static void LUAI_TRY (lua_State *L, lua_longjmp *c, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
-#define luai_jmpbuf		int  /* dummy variable */
+  try {
+    f(L, ud);  /* call function protected */
+  }
+  catch (lua_longjmp *c1) { /* Lua error */
+    if (c1 != c)  /* not the correct level? */
+      throw;  /* rethrow to upper level */
+  }
+  catch (...) {  /* non-Lua exception */
+    c->status = -1;  /* create some error code */
+  }
+}
+
 
 #elif defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)				/* }{ */
 
-/* in POSIX, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+/* in POSIX, use _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
 #define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		_longjmp((c)->b, 1)
-#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,f,ud)	if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) ((f)(L, ud))
-#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf
 
 #else							/* }{ */
 
 /* ISO C handling with long jumps */
 #define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		longjmp((c)->b, 1)
-#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,f,ud)	if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) ((f)(L, ud))
-#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf
 
 #endif							/* } */
 
 #endif							/* } */
 
 
-
+void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode, StkId oldtop) {
-/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+  if (errcode == LUA_ERRMEM) {  /* memory error? */
-struct lua_longjmp {
+    setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
-  struct lua_longjmp *previous;
-  luai_jmpbuf b;
-  volatile int status;  /* error code */
-};
-
-
-void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
-  switch (errcode) {
-    case LUA_ERRMEM: {  /* memory error? */
-      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
-      break;
-    }
-    case LUA_OK: {  /* special case only for closing upvalues */
-      setnilvalue(s2v(oldtop));  /* no error message */
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      lua_assert(errorstatus(errcode));  /* real error */
-      setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top.p - 1);  /* error message on current top */
-      break;
-    }
   }
-  L->top.p = oldtop + 1;
+  else {
+    lua_assert(errorstatus(errcode));  /* must be a real error */
+    lua_assert(!ttisnil(s2v(L->top.p - 1)));  /* with a non-nil object */
+    setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top.p - 1);  /* move it to 'oldtop' */
+  }
+  L->top.p = oldtop + 1;  /* top goes back to old top plus error object */
 }
 
 
-l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
+l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode) {
   if (L->errorJmp) {  /* thread has an error handler? */
     L->errorJmp->status = errcode;  /* set status */
     LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);  /* jump to it */
   }
   else {  /* thread has no error handler */
     global_State *g = G(L);
+    lua_State *mainth = mainthread(g);
     errcode = luaE_resetthread(L, errcode);  /* close all upvalues */
     L->status = errcode;
-    if (g->mainthread->errorJmp) {  /* main thread has a handler? */
+    if (mainth->errorJmp) {  /* main thread has a handler? */
-      setobjs2s(L, g->mainthread->top.p++, L->top.p - 1);  /* copy error obj. */
+      setobjs2s(L, mainth->top.p++, L->top.p - 1);  /* copy error obj. */
-      luaD_throw(g->mainthread, errcode);  /* re-throw in main thread */
+      luaD_throw(mainth, errcode);  /* re-throw in main thread */
     }
     else {  /* no handler at all; abort */
       if (g->panic) {  /* panic function? */
@@ -132,15 +147,23 @@ l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
 }
 
 
-int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
+l_noret luaD_throwbaselevel (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode) {
+  if (L->errorJmp) {
+    /* unroll error entries up to the first level */
+    while (L->errorJmp->previous != NULL)
+      L->errorJmp = L->errorJmp->previous;
+  }
+  luaD_throw(L, errcode);
+}
+
+
+TStatus luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
   l_uint32 oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
-  struct lua_longjmp lj;
+  lua_longjmp lj;
   lj.status = LUA_OK;
   lj.previous = L->errorJmp;  /* chain new error handler */
   L->errorJmp = &lj;
-  LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+  LUAI_TRY(L, &lj, f, ud);  /* call 'f' catching errors */
-    (*f)(L, ud);
-  );
   L->errorJmp = lj.previous;  /* restore old error handler */
   L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
   return lj.status;
@@ -155,7 +178,82 @@ int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
 ** ===================================================================
 */
 
+/* some stack space for error handling */
+#define STACKERRSPACE	200
 
+
+/*
+** LUAI_MAXSTACK limits the size of the Lua stack.
+** It must fit into INT_MAX/2.
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXSTACK)
+#if 1000000 < (INT_MAX / 2)
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK           1000000
+#else
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK           (INT_MAX / 2u)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+/* maximum stack size that respects size_t */
+#define MAXSTACK_BYSIZET  ((MAX_SIZET / sizeof(StackValue)) - STACKERRSPACE)
+
+/*
+** Minimum between LUAI_MAXSTACK and MAXSTACK_BYSIZET
+** (Maximum size for the stack must respect size_t.)
+*/
+#define MAXSTACK	cast_int(LUAI_MAXSTACK < MAXSTACK_BYSIZET  \
+			        ? LUAI_MAXSTACK : MAXSTACK_BYSIZET)
+
+
+/* stack size with extra space for error handling */
+#define ERRORSTACKSIZE	(MAXSTACK + STACKERRSPACE)
+
+
+/* raise a stack error while running the message handler */
+l_noret luaD_errerr (lua_State *L) {
+  TString *msg = luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling");
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, msg);
+  L->top.p++;  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
+  luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether stacks have enough space to run a simple function (such
+** as a finalizer): At least BASIC_STACK_SIZE in the Lua stack, two
+** available CallInfos, and two "slots" in the C stack.
+*/
+int luaD_checkminstack (lua_State *L) {
+  if (getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS - 2)
+    return 0;  /* not enough C-stack slots */
+  if (L->ci->next == NULL && luaE_extendCI(L, 0) == NULL)
+    return 0;  /* unable to allocate first ci */
+  if (L->ci->next->next == NULL && luaE_extendCI(L, 0) == NULL)
+    return 0;  /* unable to allocate second ci */
+  if (L->stack_last.p - L->top.p >= BASIC_STACK_SIZE)
+    return 1;  /* enough (BASIC_STACK_SIZE) free slots in the Lua stack */
+  else  /* try to grow stack to a size with enough free slots */
+    return luaD_growstack(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In ISO C, any pointer use after the pointer has been deallocated is
+** undefined behavior. So, before a stack reallocation, all pointers
+** should be changed to offsets, and after the reallocation they should
+** be changed back to pointers. As during the reallocation the pointers
+** are invalid, the reallocation cannot run emergency collections.
+** Alternatively, we can use the old address after the deallocation.
+** That is not strict ISO C, but seems to work fine everywhere.
+** The following macro chooses how strict is the code.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_STRICT_ADDRESS)
+#define LUAI_STRICT_ADDRESS	1
+#endif
+
+#if LUAI_STRICT_ADDRESS
 /*
 ** Change all pointers to the stack into offsets.
 */
@@ -176,9 +274,10 @@ static void relstack (lua_State *L) {
 /*
 ** Change back all offsets into pointers.
 */
-static void correctstack (lua_State *L) {
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, StkId oldstack) {
   CallInfo *ci;
   UpVal *up;
+  UNUSED(oldstack);
   L->top.p = restorestack(L, L->top.offset);
   L->tbclist.p = restorestack(L, L->tbclist.offset);
   for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
@@ -191,28 +290,40 @@ static void correctstack (lua_State *L) {
   }
 }
 
+#else
+/*
+** Assume that it is fine to use an address after its deallocation,
+** as long as we do not dereference it.
+*/
 
-/* some space for error handling */
+static void relstack (lua_State *L) { UNUSED(L); }  /* do nothing */
-#define ERRORSTACKSIZE	(LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)
 
 
-/* raise an error while running the message handler */
+/*
-l_noret luaD_errerr (lua_State *L) {
+** Correct pointers into 'oldstack' to point into 'L->stack'.
-  TString *msg = luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling");
+*/
-  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, msg);
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, StkId oldstack) {
-  L->top.p++;  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
+  CallInfo *ci;
-  luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+  UpVal *up;
+  StkId newstack = L->stack.p;
+  if (oldstack == newstack)
+    return;
+  L->top.p = L->top.p - oldstack + newstack;
+  L->tbclist.p = L->tbclist.p - oldstack + newstack;
+  for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
+    up->v.p = s2v(uplevel(up) - oldstack + newstack);
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+    ci->top.p = ci->top.p - oldstack + newstack;
+    ci->func.p = ci->func.p - oldstack + newstack;
+    if (isLua(ci))
+      ci->u.l.trap = 1;  /* signal to update 'trap' in 'luaV_execute' */
+  }
 }
+#endif
 
 
 /*
 ** Reallocate the stack to a new size, correcting all pointers into it.
-** In ISO C, any pointer use after the pointer has been deallocated is
-** undefined behavior. So, before the reallocation, all pointers are
-** changed to offsets, and after the reallocation they are changed back
-** to pointers. As during the reallocation the pointers are invalid, the
-** reallocation cannot run emergency collections.
-**
 ** In case of allocation error, raise an error or return false according
 ** to 'raiseerror'.
 */
@@ -220,24 +331,25 @@ int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror) {
   int oldsize = stacksize(L);
   int i;
   StkId newstack;
-  int oldgcstop = G(L)->gcstopem;
+  StkId oldstack = L->stack.p;
-  lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+  lu_byte oldgcstop = G(L)->gcstopem;
+  lua_assert(newsize <= MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
   relstack(L);  /* change pointers to offsets */
   G(L)->gcstopem = 1;  /* stop emergency collection */
-  newstack = luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack.p, oldsize + EXTRA_STACK,
+  newstack = luaM_reallocvector(L, oldstack, oldsize + EXTRA_STACK,
                                    newsize + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
   G(L)->gcstopem = oldgcstop;  /* restore emergency collection */
   if (l_unlikely(newstack == NULL)) {  /* reallocation failed? */
-    correctstack(L);  /* change offsets back to pointers */
+    correctstack(L, oldstack);  /* change offsets back to pointers */
     if (raiseerror)
       luaM_error(L);
     else return 0;  /* do not raise an error */
   }
   L->stack.p = newstack;
-  correctstack(L);  /* change offsets back to pointers */
+  correctstack(L, oldstack);  /* change offsets back to pointers */
   L->stack_last.p = L->stack.p + newsize;
   for (i = oldsize + EXTRA_STACK; i < newsize + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
-    setnilvalue(s2v(newstack + i)); /* erase new segment */
+    setnilvalue2s(newstack + i); /* erase new segment */
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -248,23 +360,23 @@ int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror) {
 */
 int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror) {
   int size = stacksize(L);
-  if (l_unlikely(size > LUAI_MAXSTACK)) {
+  if (l_unlikely(size > MAXSTACK)) {
     /* if stack is larger than maximum, thread is already using the
        extra space reserved for errors, that is, thread is handling
        a stack error; cannot grow further than that. */
     lua_assert(stacksize(L) == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
     if (raiseerror)
-      luaD_errerr(L);  /* error inside message handler */
+      luaD_errerr(L);  /* stack error inside message handler */
     return 0;  /* if not 'raiseerror', just signal it */
   }
-  else if (n < LUAI_MAXSTACK) {  /* avoids arithmetic overflows */
+  else if (n < MAXSTACK) {  /* avoids arithmetic overflows */
-    int newsize = 2 * size;  /* tentative new size */
+    int newsize = size + (size >> 1);  /* tentative new size (size * 1.5) */
     int needed = cast_int(L->top.p - L->stack.p) + n;
-    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* cannot cross the limit */
+    if (newsize > MAXSTACK)  /* cannot cross the limit */
-      newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+      newsize = MAXSTACK;
     if (newsize < needed)  /* but must respect what was asked for */
       newsize = needed;
-    if (l_likely(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK))
+    if (l_likely(newsize <= MAXSTACK))
       return luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize, raiseerror);
   }
   /* else stack overflow */
@@ -300,30 +412,24 @@ static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
 ** to twice the current use. (So, the final stack size is at most 2/3 the
 ** previous size, and half of its entries are empty.)
 ** As a particular case, if stack was handling a stack overflow and now
-** it is not, 'max' (limited by LUAI_MAXSTACK) will be smaller than
+** it is not, 'max' (limited by MAXSTACK) will be smaller than
 ** stacksize (equal to ERRORSTACKSIZE in this case), and so the stack
 ** will be reduced to a "regular" size.
 */
 void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
   int inuse = stackinuse(L);
-  int max = (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK / 3) ? LUAI_MAXSTACK : inuse * 3;
+  int max = (inuse > MAXSTACK / 3) ? MAXSTACK : inuse * 3;
   /* if thread is currently not handling a stack overflow and its
      size is larger than maximum "reasonable" size, shrink it */
-  if (inuse <= LUAI_MAXSTACK && stacksize(L) > max) {
+  if (inuse <= MAXSTACK && stacksize(L) > max) {
-    int nsize = (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK / 2) ? LUAI_MAXSTACK : inuse * 2;
+    int nsize = (inuse > MAXSTACK / 2) ? MAXSTACK : inuse * 2;
     luaD_reallocstack(L, nsize, 0);  /* ok if that fails */
   }
   else  /* don't change stack */
-    condmovestack(L,{},{});  /* (change only for debugging) */
+    condmovestack(L,(void)0,(void)0);  /* (change only for debugging) */
   luaE_shrinkCI(L);  /* shrink CI list */
 }
 
-
-void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L) {
-  luaD_checkstack(L, 1);
-  L->top.p++;
-}
-
 /* }================================================================== */
 
 
@@ -336,7 +442,6 @@ void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
                               int ftransfer, int ntransfer) {
   lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
   if (hook && L->allowhook) {  /* make sure there is a hook */
-    int mask = CIST_HOOKED;
     CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
     ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top.p);  /* preserve original 'top' */
     ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top.p);  /* idem for 'ci->top' */
@@ -344,18 +449,15 @@ void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
     ar.event = event;
     ar.currentline = line;
     ar.i_ci = ci;
-    if (ntransfer != 0) {
+    L->transferinfo.ftransfer = ftransfer;
-      mask |= CIST_TRAN;  /* 'ci' has transfer information */
+    L->transferinfo.ntransfer = ntransfer;
-      ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer = ftransfer;
-      ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer = ntransfer;
-    }
     if (isLua(ci) && L->top.p < ci->top.p)
       L->top.p = ci->top.p;  /* protect entire activation register */
     luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
     if (ci->top.p < L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK)
       ci->top.p = L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK;
     L->allowhook = 0;  /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
-    ci->callstatus |= mask;
+    ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKED;
     lua_unlock(L);
     (*hook)(L, &ar);
     lua_lock(L);
@@ -363,7 +465,7 @@ void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
     L->allowhook = 1;
     ci->top.p = restorestack(L, ci_top);
     L->top.p = restorestack(L, top);
-    ci->callstatus &= ~mask;
+    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKED;
   }
 }
 
@@ -398,11 +500,11 @@ static void rethook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
     int ftransfer;
     if (isLua(ci)) {
       Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
-      if (p->is_vararg)
+      if (p->flag & PF_VAHID)
         delta = ci->u.l.nextraargs + p->numparams + 1;
     }
     ci->func.p += delta;  /* if vararg, back to virtual 'func' */
-    ftransfer = cast(unsigned short, firstres - ci->func.p);
+    ftransfer = cast_int(firstres - ci->func.p);
     luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1, ftransfer, nres);  /* call it */
     ci->func.p -= delta;
   }
@@ -413,51 +515,72 @@ static void rethook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
 
 /*
 ** Check whether 'func' has a '__call' metafield. If so, put it in the
-** stack, below original 'func', so that 'luaD_precall' can call it. Raise
+** stack, below original 'func', so that 'luaD_precall' can call it.
-** an error if there is no '__call' metafield.
+** Raise an error if there is no '__call' metafield.
+** Bits CIST_CCMT in status count how many _call metamethods were
+** invoked and how many corresponding extra arguments were pushed.
+** (This count will be saved in the 'callstatus' of the call).
+**  Raise an error if this counter overflows.
 */
-static StkId tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+static unsigned tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func, unsigned status) {
   const TValue *tm;
   StkId p;
-  checkstackGCp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
+  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(func), TM_CALL);
-  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(func), TM_CALL);  /* (after previous GC) */
+  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(tm)))  /* no metamethod? */
-  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(tm)))
+    luaG_callerror(L, s2v(func));
-    luaG_callerror(L, s2v(func));  /* nothing to call */
   for (p = L->top.p; p > func; p--)  /* open space for metamethod */
     setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
   L->top.p++;  /* stack space pre-allocated by the caller */
   setobj2s(L, func, tm);  /* metamethod is the new function to be called */
-  return func;
+  if ((status & MAX_CCMT) == MAX_CCMT)  /* is counter full? */
+    luaG_runerror(L, "'__call' chain too long");
+  return status + (1u << CIST_CCMT);  /* increment counter */
+}
+
+
+/* Generic case for 'moveresult' */
+l_sinline void genmoveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres,
+                                             int wanted) {
+  StkId firstresult = L->top.p - nres;  /* index of first result */
+  int i;
+  if (nres > wanted)  /* extra results? */
+    nres = wanted;  /* don't need them */
+  for (i = 0; i < nres; i++)  /* move all results to correct place */
+    setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstresult + i);
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)  /* complete wanted number of results */
+    setnilvalue2s(res + i);
+  L->top.p = res + wanted;  /* top points after the last result */
 }
 
 
 /*
-** Given 'nres' results at 'firstResult', move 'wanted' of them to 'res'.
+** Given 'nres' results at 'firstResult', move 'fwanted-1' of them
-** Handle most typical cases (zero results for commands, one result for
+** to 'res'.  Handle most typical cases (zero results for commands,
-** expressions, multiple results for tail calls/single parameters)
+** one result for expressions, multiple results for tail calls/single
-** separated.
+** parameters) separated. The flag CIST_TBC in 'fwanted', if set,
+** forces the switch to go to the default case.
 */
-l_sinline void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
+l_sinline void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres,
-  StkId firstresult;
+                                          l_uint32 fwanted) {
-  int i;
+  switch (fwanted) {  /* handle typical cases separately */
-  switch (wanted) {  /* handle typical cases separately */
+    case 0 + 1:  /* no values needed */
-    case 0:  /* no values needed */
       L->top.p = res;
       return;
-    case 1:  /* one value needed */
+    case 1 + 1:  /* one value needed */
       if (nres == 0)   /* no results? */
-        setnilvalue(s2v(res));  /* adjust with nil */
+        setnilvalue2s(res);  /* adjust with nil */
       else  /* at least one result */
         setobjs2s(L, res, L->top.p - nres);  /* move it to proper place */
       L->top.p = res + 1;
       return;
-    case LUA_MULTRET:
+    case LUA_MULTRET + 1:
-      wanted = nres;  /* we want all results */
+      genmoveresults(L, res, nres, nres);  /* we want all results */
       break;
-    default:  /* two/more results and/or to-be-closed variables */
+    default: {  /* two/more results and/or to-be-closed variables */
-      if (hastocloseCfunc(wanted)) {  /* to-be-closed variables? */
+      int wanted = get_nresults(fwanted);
-        L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_CLSRET;  /* in case of yields */
+      if (fwanted & CIST_TBC) {  /* to-be-closed variables? */
         L->ci->u2.nres = nres;
+        L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_CLSRET;  /* in case of yields */
         res = luaF_close(L, res, CLOSEKTOP, 1);
         L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_CLSRET;
         if (L->hookmask) {  /* if needed, call hook after '__close's */
@@ -465,21 +588,13 @@ l_sinline void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
           rethook(L, L->ci, nres);
           res = restorestack(L, savedres);  /* hook can move stack */
         }
-        wanted = decodeNresults(wanted);
         if (wanted == LUA_MULTRET)
           wanted = nres;  /* we want all results */
       }
+      genmoveresults(L, res, nres, wanted);
       break;
+    }
   }
-  /* generic case */
-  firstresult = L->top.p - nres;  /* index of first result */
-  if (nres > wanted)  /* extra results? */
-    nres = wanted;  /* don't need them */
-  for (i = 0; i < nres; i++)  /* move all results to correct place */
-    setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstresult + i);
-  for (; i < wanted; i++)  /* complete wanted number of results */
-    setnilvalue(s2v(res + i));
-  L->top.p = res + wanted;  /* top points after the last result */
 }
 
 
@@ -490,28 +605,34 @@ l_sinline void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
 ** that.
 */
 void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
-  int wanted = ci->nresults;
+  l_uint32 fwanted = ci->callstatus & (CIST_TBC | CIST_NRESULTS);
-  if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask && !hastocloseCfunc(wanted)))
+  if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask) && !(fwanted & CIST_TBC))
     rethook(L, ci, nres);
   /* move results to proper place */
-  moveresults(L, ci->func.p, nres, wanted);
+  moveresults(L, ci->func.p, nres, fwanted);
   /* function cannot be in any of these cases when returning */
   lua_assert(!(ci->callstatus &
-        (CIST_HOOKED | CIST_YPCALL | CIST_FIN | CIST_TRAN | CIST_CLSRET)));
+        (CIST_HOOKED | CIST_YPCALL | CIST_FIN | CIST_CLSRET)));
   L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller (after closing variables) */
 }
 
 
 
-#define next_ci(L)  (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L))
+#define next_ci(L)  (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L, 1))
 
 
-l_sinline CallInfo *prepCallInfo (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nret,
+/*
-                                                int mask, StkId top) {
+** Allocate and initialize CallInfo structure. At this point, the
+** only valid fields in the call status are number of results,
+** CIST_C (if it's a C function), and number of extra arguments.
+** (All these bit-fields fit in 16-bit values.)
+*/
+l_sinline CallInfo *prepCallInfo (lua_State *L, StkId func, unsigned status,
+                                                StkId top) {
   CallInfo *ci = L->ci = next_ci(L);  /* new frame */
   ci->func.p = func;
-  ci->nresults = nret;
+  lua_assert((status & ~(CIST_NRESULTS | CIST_C | MAX_CCMT)) == 0);
-  ci->callstatus = mask;
+  ci->callstatus = status;
   ci->top.p = top;
   return ci;
 }
@@ -520,12 +641,12 @@ l_sinline CallInfo *prepCallInfo (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nret,
 /*
 ** precall for C functions
 */
-l_sinline int precallC (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults,
+l_sinline int precallC (lua_State *L, StkId func, unsigned status,
                                             lua_CFunction f) {
   int n;  /* number of returns */
   CallInfo *ci;
-  checkstackGCp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
+  checkstackp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
-  L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, nresults, CIST_C,
+  L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, status | CIST_C,
                                L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK);
   lua_assert(ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
   if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)) {
@@ -549,24 +670,25 @@ l_sinline int precallC (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults,
 */
 int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
                                     int narg1, int delta) {
+  unsigned status = LUA_MULTRET + 1;
  retry:
   switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
     case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
-      return precallC(L, func, LUA_MULTRET, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
+      return precallC(L, func, status, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
     case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
-      return precallC(L, func, LUA_MULTRET, fvalue(s2v(func)));
+      return precallC(L, func, status, fvalue(s2v(func)));
     case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
       Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
       int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
       int nfixparams = p->numparams;
       int i;
-      checkstackGCp(L, fsize - delta, func);
+      checkstackp(L, fsize - delta, func);
       ci->func.p -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
       for (i = 0; i < narg1; i++)  /* move down function and arguments */
         setobjs2s(L, ci->func.p + i, func + i);
       func = ci->func.p;  /* moved-down function */
       for (; narg1 <= nfixparams; narg1++)
-        setnilvalue(s2v(func + narg1));  /* complete missing arguments */
+        setnilvalue2s(func + narg1);  /* complete missing arguments */
       ci->top.p = func + 1 + fsize;  /* top for new function */
       lua_assert(ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
       ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
@@ -575,8 +697,8 @@ int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
       return -1;
     }
     default: {  /* not a function */
-      func = tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      checkstackp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
-      /* return luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, func, narg1 + 1, delta); */
+      status = tryfuncTM(L, func, status);  /* try '__call' metamethod */
       narg1++;
       goto retry;  /* try again */
     }
@@ -593,13 +715,15 @@ int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
 ** original function position.
 */
 CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
+  unsigned status = cast_uint(nresults + 1);
+  lua_assert(status <= MAXRESULTS + 1);
  retry:
   switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
     case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
-      precallC(L, func, nresults, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
+      precallC(L, func, status, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
       return NULL;
     case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
-      precallC(L, func, nresults, fvalue(s2v(func)));
+      precallC(L, func, status, fvalue(s2v(func)));
       return NULL;
     case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
       CallInfo *ci;
@@ -607,17 +731,17 @@ CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
       int narg = cast_int(L->top.p - func) - 1;  /* number of real arguments */
       int nfixparams = p->numparams;
       int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
-      checkstackGCp(L, fsize, func);
+      checkstackp(L, fsize, func);
-      L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, nresults, 0, func + 1 + fsize);
+      L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, status, func + 1 + fsize);
       ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
       for (; narg < nfixparams; narg++)
-        setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p++));  /* complete missing arguments */
+        setnilvalue2s(L->top.p++);  /* complete missing arguments */
       lua_assert(ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
       return ci;
     }
     default: {  /* not a function */
-      func = tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      checkstackp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
-      /* return luaD_precall(L, func, nresults); */
+      status = tryfuncTM(L, func, status);  /* try '__call' metamethod */
       goto retry;  /* try again with metamethod */
     }
   }
@@ -640,7 +764,7 @@ l_sinline void ccall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, l_uint32 inc) {
     luaE_checkcstack(L);
   }
   if ((ci = luaD_precall(L, func, nResults)) != NULL) {  /* Lua function? */
-    ci->callstatus = CIST_FRESH;  /* mark that it is a "fresh" execute */
+    ci->callstatus |= CIST_FRESH;  /* mark that it is a "fresh" execute */
     luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* call it */
   }
   L->nCcalls -= inc;
@@ -679,13 +803,13 @@ void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
 ** particular, field CIST_RECST preserves the error status across these
 ** multiple runs, changing only if there is a new error.
 */
-static int finishpcallk (lua_State *L,  CallInfo *ci) {
+static TStatus finishpcallk (lua_State *L,  CallInfo *ci) {
-  int status = getcistrecst(ci);  /* get original status */
+  TStatus status = getcistrecst(ci);  /* get original status */
   if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK))  /* no error? */
     status = LUA_YIELD;  /* was interrupted by an yield */
   else {  /* error */
     StkId func = restorestack(L, ci->u2.funcidx);
-    L->allowhook = getoah(ci->callstatus);  /* restore 'allowhook' */
+    L->allowhook = getoah(ci);  /* restore 'allowhook' */
     func = luaF_close(L, func, status, 1);  /* can yield or raise an error */
     luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, func);
     luaD_shrinkstack(L);   /* restore stack size in case of overflow */
@@ -714,20 +838,21 @@ static int finishpcallk (lua_State *L,  CallInfo *ci) {
 */
 static void finishCcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
   int n;  /* actual number of results from C function */
-  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_CLSRET) {  /* was returning? */
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_CLSRET) {  /* was closing TBC variable? */
-    lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(ci->nresults));
+    lua_assert(ci->callstatus & CIST_TBC);
     n = ci->u2.nres;  /* just redo 'luaD_poscall' */
     /* don't need to reset CIST_CLSRET, as it will be set again anyway */
   }
   else {
-    int status = LUA_YIELD;  /* default if there were no errors */
+    TStatus status = LUA_YIELD;  /* default if there were no errors */
+    lua_KFunction kf = ci->u.c.k;  /* continuation function */
     /* must have a continuation and must be able to call it */
-    lua_assert(ci->u.c.k != NULL && yieldable(L));
+    lua_assert(kf != NULL && yieldable(L));
     if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)   /* was inside a 'lua_pcallk'? */
       status = finishpcallk(L, ci);  /* finish it */
     adjustresults(L, LUA_MULTRET);  /* finish 'lua_callk' */
     lua_unlock(L);
-    n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L, status, ci->u.c.ctx);  /* call continuation */
+    n = (*kf)(L, APIstatus(status), ci->u.c.ctx);  /* call continuation */
     lua_lock(L);
     api_checknelems(L, n);
   }
@@ -774,6 +899,7 @@ static CallInfo *findpcall (lua_State *L) {
 ** coroutine error handler and should not kill the coroutine.)
 */
 static int resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int narg) {
+  api_checkpop(L, narg);
   L->top.p -= narg;  /* remove args from the stack */
   setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, luaS_new(L, msg));  /* push error message */
   api_incr_top(L);
@@ -828,7 +954,7 @@ static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
 ** (status == LUA_YIELD), or an unprotected error ('findpcall' doesn't
 ** find a recover point).
 */
-static int precover (lua_State *L, int status) {
+static TStatus precover (lua_State *L, TStatus status) {
   CallInfo *ci;
   while (errorstatus(status) && (ci = findpcall(L)) != NULL) {
     L->ci = ci;  /* go down to recovery functions */
@@ -841,7 +967,7 @@ static int precover (lua_State *L, int status) {
 
 LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs,
                                       int *nresults) {
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
   lua_lock(L);
   if (L->status == LUA_OK) {  /* may be starting a coroutine */
     if (L->ci != &L->base_ci)  /* not in base level? */
@@ -856,21 +982,21 @@ LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs,
     return resume_error(L, "C stack overflow", nargs);
   L->nCcalls++;
   luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
-  api_checknelems(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
+  api_checkpop(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
   status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, &nargs);
    /* continue running after recoverable errors */
   status = precover(L, status);
   if (l_likely(!errorstatus(status)))
     lua_assert(status == L->status);  /* normal end or yield */
   else {  /* unrecoverable error */
-    L->status = cast_byte(status);  /* mark thread as 'dead' */
+    L->status = status;  /* mark thread as 'dead' */
     luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->top.p);  /* push error message */
     L->ci->top.p = L->top.p;
   }
   *nresults = (status == LUA_YIELD) ? L->ci->u2.nyield
                                     : cast_int(L->top.p - (L->ci->func.p + 1));
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return status;
+  return APIstatus(status);
 }
 
 
@@ -885,9 +1011,9 @@ LUA_API int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
   luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
   lua_lock(L);
   ci = L->ci;
-  api_checknelems(L, nresults);
+  api_checkpop(L, nresults);
   if (l_unlikely(!yieldable(L))) {
-    if (L != G(L)->mainthread)
+    if (L != mainthread(G(L)))
       luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across a C-call boundary");
     else
       luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield from outside a coroutine");
@@ -915,7 +1041,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
 */
 struct CloseP {
   StkId level;
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
 };
 
 
@@ -932,7 +1058,7 @@ static void closepaux (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
 ** Calls 'luaF_close' in protected mode. Return the original status
 ** or, in case of errors, the new status.
 */
-int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status) {
+TStatus luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, TStatus status) {
   CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
   lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
   for (;;) {  /* keep closing upvalues until no more errors */
@@ -954,9 +1080,9 @@ int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status) {
 ** thread information ('allowhook', etc.) and in particular
 ** its stack level in case of errors.
 */
-int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+TStatus luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u, ptrdiff_t old_top,
-                ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {
+                                  ptrdiff_t ef) {
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
   CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
   lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
   ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
@@ -988,7 +1114,7 @@ struct SParser {  /* data to 'f_parser' */
 
 
 static void checkmode (lua_State *L, const char *mode, const char *x) {
-  if (mode && strchr(mode, x[0]) == NULL) {
+  if (strchr(mode, x[0]) == NULL) {
     luaO_pushfstring(L,
        "attempt to load a %s chunk (mode is '%s')", x, mode);
     luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
@@ -996,27 +1122,58 @@ static void checkmode (lua_State *L, const char *mode, const char *x) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Before the first call to the reader function, Lua reserves a slot
+** with a table for anchoring stuff.
+*/
 static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
   LClosure *cl;
   struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
-  int c = zgetc(p->z);  /* read first character */
+  const char *mode = p->mode ? p->mode : "bt";
+  int c;
+  Table *anchor;
+  ptrdiff_t otop = savestack(L, L->top.p);  /* original top */
+  luaD_checkstack(L, 2);
+  anchor = luaH_new(L);  /* create the anchor table */
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p++, anchor);  /* anchor the anchor table */
+  c = zgetc(p->z);  /* read first character */
   if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {
-    checkmode(L, p->mode, "binary");
+    int fixed = 0;
-    cl = luaU_undump(L, p->z, p->name);
+    if (strchr(mode, 'B') != NULL)
+      fixed = 1;
+    else
+      checkmode(L, mode, "binary");
+    cl = luaU_undump(L, p->z, anchor, p->name, fixed);
   }
   else {
-    checkmode(L, p->mode, "text");
+    checkmode(L, mode, "text");
-    cl = luaY_parser(L, p->z, &p->buff, &p->dyd, p->name, c);
+    cl = luaY_parser(L, p->z, anchor, &p->buff, &p->dyd, p->name, c);
   }
+  L->top.p = restorestack(L, otop);  /* restore stack */
+  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top.p++, cl);  /* push closure */
   lua_assert(cl->nupvalues == cl->p->sizeupvalues);
   luaF_initupvals(L, cl);
 }
 
 
-int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+/*
-                                        const char *mode) {
+** Anchor an object in a table in the stack.  First, anchor the object
+** temporarily in the stack, as luaH_set may call an emergency GC.
+** Then, add it in the table with itself as its key.
+*/
+void luaD_anchorobj (lua_State *L, Table *anchor, GCObject *obj) {
+  setgcovalue(L, s2v(L->top.p++), obj);  /* temporary anchor in the stack */
+  luaH_set(L, anchor, s2v(L->top.p - 1), s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  /* Because this is a new key, luaH_set will call the GC barrier, so
+     we don't need to call the barrier again here */
+  L->top.p--;
+}
+
+
+TStatus luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+                                            const char *mode) {
   struct SParser p;
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
   incnny(L);  /* cannot yield during parsing */
   p.z = z; p.name = name; p.mode = mode;
   p.dyd.actvar.arr = NULL; p.dyd.actvar.size = 0;
@@ -1025,9 +1182,9 @@ int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
   luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
   status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top.p), L->errfunc);
   luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
-  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.actvar.arr, p.dyd.actvar.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.actvar.arr, cast_sizet(p.dyd.actvar.size));
-  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.gt.arr, p.dyd.gt.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.gt.arr, cast_sizet(p.dyd.gt.size));
-  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.label.arr, p.dyd.label.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.label.arr, cast_sizet(p.dyd.label.size));
   decnny(L);
   return status;
 }

lib/lua/ldo.h

@@ -23,10 +23,19 @@
 ** 'condmovestack' is used in heavy tests to force a stack reallocation
 ** at every check.
 */
+
+#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#else
+/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)  \
+  { int sz_ = stacksize(L); pre; luaD_reallocstack((L), sz_, 0); pos; }
+#endif
+
 #define luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,pre,pos)  \
 	if (l_unlikely(L->stack_last.p - L->top.p <= (n))) \
 	  { pre; luaD_growstack(L, n, 1); pos; } \
-        else { condmovestack(L,pre,pos); }
+	else { condmovestack(L,pre,pos); }
 
 /* In general, 'pre'/'pos' are empty (nothing to save) */
 #define luaD_checkstack(L,n)	luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,(void)0,(void)0)
@@ -44,25 +53,24 @@
     p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */
 
 
-/* macro to check stack size and GC, preserving 'p' */
+/*
-#define checkstackGCp(L,n,p)  \
+** Maximum depth for nested C calls, syntactical nested non-terminals,
-  luaD_checkstackaux(L, n, \
+** and other features implemented through recursion in C. (Value must
-    ptrdiff_t t__ = savestack(L, p);  /* save 'p' */ \
+** fit in a 16-bit unsigned integer. It must also be compatible with
-    luaC_checkGC(L),  /* stack grow uses memory */ \
+** the size of the C stack.)
-    p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */
+*/
-
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
-
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS		200
-/* macro to check stack size and GC */
+#endif
-#define checkstackGC(L,fsize)  \
-	luaD_checkstackaux(L, (fsize), luaC_checkGC(L), (void)0)
 
 
 /* type of protected functions, to be ran by 'runprotected' */
 typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
 
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_errerr (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode, StkId oldtop);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z,
+                                                  const char *name,
                                                   const char *mode);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
                                         int fTransfer, int nTransfer);
@@ -72,17 +80,20 @@ LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
 LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level,
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+                                                     TStatus status);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
                                         ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_checkminstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_anchorobj (lua_State *L, Table *anchor, GCObject *obj);
 
-LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throwbaselevel (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
 
 #endif
 

lib/lua/ldump.c

@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@
 
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
 #include "lundump.h"
 
 
@@ -24,8 +27,11 @@ typedef struct {
   lua_State *L;
   lua_Writer writer;
   void *data;
+  size_t offset;  /* current position relative to beginning of dump */
   int strip;
   int status;
+  Table *h;  /* table to track saved strings */
+  lua_Unsigned nstr;  /* counter for counting saved strings */
 } DumpState;
 
 
@@ -38,15 +44,36 @@ typedef struct {
 #define dumpLiteral(D, s)	dumpBlock(D,s,sizeof(s) - sizeof(char))
 
 
+/*
+** Dump the block of memory pointed by 'b' with given 'size'.
+** 'b' should not be NULL, except for the last call signaling the end
+** of the dump.
+*/
 static void dumpBlock (DumpState *D, const void *b, size_t size) {
-  if (D->status == 0 && size > 0) {
+  if (D->status == 0) {  /* do not write anything after an error */
     lua_unlock(D->L);
     D->status = (*D->writer)(D->L, b, size, D->data);
     lua_lock(D->L);
+    D->offset += size;
   }
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Dump enough zeros to ensure that current position is a multiple of
+** 'align'.
+*/
+static void dumpAlign (DumpState *D, unsigned align) {
+  unsigned padding = align - cast_uint(D->offset % align);
+  if (padding < align) {  /* padding == align means no padding */
+    static lua_Integer paddingContent = 0;
+    lua_assert(align <= sizeof(lua_Integer));
+    dumpBlock(D, &paddingContent, padding);
+  }
+  lua_assert(D->offset % align == 0);
+}
+
+
 #define dumpVar(D,x)		dumpVector(D,&x,1)
 
 
@@ -57,25 +84,32 @@ static void dumpByte (DumpState *D, int y) {
 
 
 /*
-** 'dumpSize' buffer size: each byte can store up to 7 bits. (The "+6"
+** size for 'dumpVarint' buffer: each byte can store up to 7 bits.
-** rounds up the division.)
+** (The "+6" rounds up the division.)
 */
-#define DIBS    ((sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT + 6) / 7)
+#define DIBS    ((l_numbits(lua_Unsigned) + 6) / 7)
 
-static void dumpSize (DumpState *D, size_t x) {
+/*
+** Dumps an unsigned integer using the MSB Varint encoding
+*/
+static void dumpVarint (DumpState *D, lua_Unsigned x) {
   lu_byte buff[DIBS];
-  int n = 0;
+  unsigned n = 1;
-  do {
+  buff[DIBS - 1] = x & 0x7f;  /* fill least-significant byte */
-    buff[DIBS - (++n)] = x & 0x7f;  /* fill buffer in reverse order */
+  while ((x >>= 7) != 0)  /* fill other bytes in reverse order */
-    x >>= 7;
+    buff[DIBS - (++n)] = cast_byte((x & 0x7f) | 0x80);
-  } while (x != 0);
-  buff[DIBS - 1] |= 0x80;  /* mark last byte */
   dumpVector(D, buff + DIBS - n, n);
 }
 
 
+static void dumpSize (DumpState *D, size_t sz) {
+  dumpVarint(D, cast(lua_Unsigned, sz));
+}
+
+
 static void dumpInt (DumpState *D, int x) {
-  dumpSize(D, x);
+  lua_assert(x >= 0);
+  dumpVarint(D, cast_uint(x));
 }
 
 
@@ -84,30 +118,65 @@ static void dumpNumber (DumpState *D, lua_Number x) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Signed integers are coded to keep small values small. (Coding -1 as
+** 0xfff...fff would use too many bytes to save a quite common value.)
+** A non-negative x is coded as 2x; a negative x is coded as -2x - 1.
+** (0 => 0; -1 => 1; 1 => 2; -2 => 3; 2 => 4; ...)
+*/
 static void dumpInteger (DumpState *D, lua_Integer x) {
-  dumpVar(D, x);
+  lua_Unsigned cx = (x >= 0) ? 2u * l_castS2U(x)
+                             : (2u * ~l_castS2U(x)) + 1;
+  dumpVarint(D, cx);
 }
 
 
-static void dumpString (DumpState *D, const TString *s) {
+/*
-  if (s == NULL)
+** Dump a String. First dump its "size":
-    dumpSize(D, 0);
+** size==0 is followed by an index and means "reuse saved string with
+** that index"; index==0 means NULL.
+** size>=1 is followed by the string contents with real size==size-1 and
+** means that string, which will be saved with the next available index.
+** The real size does not include the ending '\0' (which is not dumped),
+** so adding 1 to it cannot overflow a size_t.
+*/
+static void dumpString (DumpState *D, TString *ts) {
+  if (ts == NULL) {
+    dumpVarint(D, 0);  /* will "reuse" NULL */
+    dumpVarint(D, 0);  /* special index for NULL */
+  }
   else {
-    size_t size = tsslen(s);
+    TValue idx;
-    const char *str = getstr(s);
+    int tag = luaH_getstr(D->h, ts, &idx);
-    dumpSize(D, size + 1);
+    if (!tagisempty(tag)) {  /* string already saved? */
-    dumpVector(D, str, size);
+      dumpVarint(D, 0);  /* reuse a saved string */
+      dumpVarint(D, l_castS2U(ivalue(&idx)));  /* index of saved string */
+    }
+    else {  /* must write and save the string */
+      TValue key, value;  /* to save the string in the hash */
+      size_t size;
+      const char *s = getlstr(ts, size);
+      dumpSize(D, size + 1);
+      dumpVector(D, s, size + 1);  /* include ending '\0' */
+      D->nstr++;  /* one more saved string */
+      setsvalue(D->L, &key, ts);  /* the string is the key */
+      setivalue(&value, l_castU2S(D->nstr));  /* its index is the value */
+      luaH_set(D->L, D->h, &key, &value);  /* h[ts] = nstr */
+      /* integer value does not need barrier */
+    }
   }
 }
 
 
 static void dumpCode (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
   dumpInt(D, f->sizecode);
-  dumpVector(D, f->code, f->sizecode);
+  dumpAlign(D, sizeof(f->code[0]));
+  lua_assert(f->code != NULL);
+  dumpVector(D, f->code, cast_uint(f->sizecode));
 }
 
 
-static void dumpFunction(DumpState *D, const Proto *f, TString *psource);
+static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f);
 
 static void dumpConstants (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
   int i;
@@ -140,7 +209,7 @@ static void dumpProtos (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
   int n = f->sizep;
   dumpInt(D, n);
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    dumpFunction(D, f->p[i], f->source);
+    dumpFunction(D, f->p[i]);
 }
 
 
@@ -159,12 +228,14 @@ static void dumpDebug (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
   int i, n;
   n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
   dumpInt(D, n);
-  dumpVector(D, f->lineinfo, n);
+  if (f->lineinfo != NULL)
+    dumpVector(D, f->lineinfo, cast_uint(n));
   n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeabslineinfo;
   dumpInt(D, n);
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+  if (n > 0) {
-    dumpInt(D, f->abslineinfo[i].pc);
+    /* 'abslineinfo' is an array of structures of int's */
-    dumpInt(D, f->abslineinfo[i].line);
+    dumpAlign(D, sizeof(int));
+    dumpVector(D, f->abslineinfo, cast_uint(n));
   }
   n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
   dumpInt(D, n);
@@ -180,51 +251,57 @@ static void dumpDebug (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
 }
 
 
-static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f, TString *psource) {
+static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
-  if (D->strip || f->source == psource)
-    dumpString(D, NULL);  /* no debug info or same source as its parent */
-  else
-    dumpString(D, f->source);
   dumpInt(D, f->linedefined);
   dumpInt(D, f->lastlinedefined);
   dumpByte(D, f->numparams);
-  dumpByte(D, f->is_vararg);
+  dumpByte(D, f->flag);
   dumpByte(D, f->maxstacksize);
   dumpCode(D, f);
   dumpConstants(D, f);
   dumpUpvalues(D, f);
   dumpProtos(D, f);
+  dumpString(D, D->strip ? NULL : f->source);
   dumpDebug(D, f);
 }
 
 
+#define dumpNumInfo(D, tvar, value)  \
+  { tvar i = value; dumpByte(D, sizeof(tvar)); dumpVar(D, i); }
+
+
 static void dumpHeader (DumpState *D) {
   dumpLiteral(D, LUA_SIGNATURE);
   dumpByte(D, LUAC_VERSION);
   dumpByte(D, LUAC_FORMAT);
   dumpLiteral(D, LUAC_DATA);
-  dumpByte(D, sizeof(Instruction));
+  dumpNumInfo(D, int, LUAC_INT);
-  dumpByte(D, sizeof(lua_Integer));
+  dumpNumInfo(D, Instruction, LUAC_INST);
-  dumpByte(D, sizeof(lua_Number));
+  dumpNumInfo(D, lua_Integer, LUAC_INT);
-  dumpInteger(D, LUAC_INT);
+  dumpNumInfo(D, lua_Number, LUAC_NUM);
-  dumpNumber(D, LUAC_NUM);
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
 */
-int luaU_dump(lua_State *L, const Proto *f, lua_Writer w, void *data,
+int luaU_dump (lua_State *L, const Proto *f, lua_Writer w, void *data,
-              int strip) {
+               int strip) {
   DumpState D;
+  D.h = luaH_new(L);  /* aux. table to keep strings already dumped */
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, D.h);  /* anchor it */
+  L->top.p++;
   D.L = L;
   D.writer = w;
+  D.offset = 0;
   D.data = data;
   D.strip = strip;
   D.status = 0;
+  D.nstr = 0;
   dumpHeader(&D);
   dumpByte(&D, f->sizeupvalues);
-  dumpFunction(&D, f, NULL);
+  dumpFunction(&D, f);
+  dumpBlock(&D, NULL, 0);  /* signal end of dump */
   return D.status;
 }
 

lib/lua/lfunc.c

@@ -100,21 +100,23 @@ UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
 
 
 /*
-** Call closing method for object 'obj' with error message 'err'. The
+** Call closing method for object 'obj' with error object 'err'. The
 ** boolean 'yy' controls whether the call is yieldable.
 ** (This function assumes EXTRA_STACK.)
 */
 static void callclosemethod (lua_State *L, TValue *obj, TValue *err, int yy) {
   StkId top = L->top.p;
+  StkId func = top;
   const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, obj, TM_CLOSE);
-  setobj2s(L, top, tm);  /* will call metamethod... */
+  setobj2s(L, top++, tm);  /* will call metamethod... */
-  setobj2s(L, top + 1, obj);  /* with 'self' as the 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, top++, obj);  /* with 'self' as the 1st argument */
-  setobj2s(L, top + 2, err);  /* and error msg. as 2nd argument */
+  if (err != NULL)  /* if there was an error... */
-  L->top.p = top + 3;  /* add function and arguments */
+    setobj2s(L, top++, err);  /* then error object will be 2nd argument */
+  L->top.p = top;  /* add function and arguments */
   if (yy)
-    luaD_call(L, top, 0);
+    luaD_call(L, func, 0);
   else
-    luaD_callnoyield(L, top, 0);
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 0);
 }
 
 
@@ -140,26 +142,28 @@ static void checkclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
 ** the 'level' of the upvalue being closed, as everything after that
 ** won't be used again.
 */
-static void prepcallclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy) {
+static void prepcallclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level, TStatus status,
+                                            int yy) {
   TValue *uv = s2v(level);  /* value being closed */
   TValue *errobj;
-  if (status == CLOSEKTOP)
+  switch (status) {
-    errobj = &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* error object is nil */
+    case LUA_OK:
-  else {  /* 'luaD_seterrorobj' will set top to level + 2 */
+      L->top.p = level + 1;  /* call will be at this level */
-    errobj = s2v(level + 1);  /* error object goes after 'uv' */
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, level + 1);  /* set error object */
+    case CLOSEKTOP:  /* don't need to change top */
+      errobj = NULL;  /* no error object */
+      break;
+    default:  /* 'luaD_seterrorobj' will set top to level + 2 */
+      errobj = s2v(level + 1);  /* error object goes after 'uv' */
+      luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, level + 1);  /* set error object */
+      break;
   }
   callclosemethod(L, uv, errobj, yy);
 }
 
 
-/*
+/* Maximum value for deltas in 'tbclist' */
-** Maximum value for deltas in 'tbclist', dependent on the type
+#define MAXDELTA       USHRT_MAX
-** of delta. (This macro assumes that an 'L' is in scope where it
-** is used.)
-*/
-#define MAXDELTA  \
-	((256ul << ((sizeof(L->stack.p->tbclist.delta) - 1) * 8)) - 1)
 
 
 /*
@@ -192,8 +196,7 @@ void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
 */
 void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
   UpVal *uv;
-  StkId upl;  /* stack index pointed by 'uv' */
+  while ((uv = L->openupval) != NULL && uplevel(uv) >= level) {
-  while ((uv = L->openupval) != NULL && (upl = uplevel(uv)) >= level) {
     TValue *slot = &uv->u.value;  /* new position for value */
     lua_assert(uplevel(uv) < L->top.p);
     luaF_unlinkupval(uv);  /* remove upvalue from 'openupval' list */
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ static void poptbclist (lua_State *L) {
 ** Close all upvalues and to-be-closed variables up to the given stack
 ** level. Return restored 'level'.
 */
-StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy) {
+StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, TStatus status, int yy) {
   ptrdiff_t levelrel = savestack(L, level);
   luaF_closeupval(L, level);  /* first, close the upvalues */
   while (L->tbclist.p >= level) {  /* traverse tbc's down to that level */
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
   f->upvalues = NULL;
   f->sizeupvalues = 0;
   f->numparams = 0;
-  f->is_vararg = 0;
+  f->flag = 0;
   f->maxstacksize = 0;
   f->locvars = NULL;
   f->sizelocvars = 0;
@@ -264,14 +267,31 @@ Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+lu_mem luaF_protosize (Proto *p) {
+  lu_mem sz = cast(lu_mem, sizeof(Proto))
+            + cast_uint(p->sizep) * sizeof(Proto*)
+            + cast_uint(p->sizek) * sizeof(TValue)
+            + cast_uint(p->sizelocvars) * sizeof(LocVar)
+            + cast_uint(p->sizeupvalues) * sizeof(Upvaldesc);
+  if (!(p->flag & PF_FIXED)) {
+    sz += cast_uint(p->sizecode) * sizeof(Instruction);
+    sz += cast_uint(p->sizelineinfo) * sizeof(lu_byte);
+    sz += cast_uint(p->sizeabslineinfo) * sizeof(AbsLineInfo);
+  }
+  return sz;
+}
+
+
 void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode);
+  if (!(f->flag & PF_FIXED)) {
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep);
+    luaM_freearray(L, f->code, cast_sizet(f->sizecode));
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek);
+    luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, cast_sizet(f->sizelineinfo));
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo);
+    luaM_freearray(L, f->abslineinfo, cast_sizet(f->sizeabslineinfo));
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->abslineinfo, f->sizeabslineinfo);
+  }
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->p, cast_sizet(f->sizep));
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->k, cast_sizet(f->sizek));
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, cast_sizet(f->sizelocvars));
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, cast_sizet(f->sizeupvalues));
   luaM_free(L, f);
 }
 

lib/lua/lfunc.h

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
 #include "lobject.h"
 
 
-#define sizeCclosure(n)	(cast_int(offsetof(CClosure, upvalue)) + \
+#define sizeCclosure(n)  \
-                         cast_int(sizeof(TValue)) * (n))
+	(offsetof(CClosure, upvalue) + sizeof(TValue) * cast_uint(n))
 
-#define sizeLclosure(n)	(cast_int(offsetof(LClosure, upvals)) + \
+#define sizeLclosure(n)  \
-                         cast_int(sizeof(TValue *)) * (n))
+	(offsetof(LClosure, upvals) + sizeof(UpVal *) * cast_uint(n))
 
 
 /* test whether thread is in 'twups' list */
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 
 
 /* special status to close upvalues preserving the top of the stack */
-#define CLOSEKTOP	(-1)
+#define CLOSEKTOP	(LUA_ERRERR + 1)
 
 
 LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ LUAI_FUNC void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl);
 LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
-LUAI_FUNC StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy);
+LUAI_FUNC StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, TStatus status, int yy);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_mem luaF_protosize (Proto *p);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
 LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
                                          int pc);

lib/lua/lgc.h

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #define lgc_h
 
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
 
@@ -20,8 +23,9 @@
 ** never point to a white one. Moreover, any gray object must be in a
 ** "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak, allweak, ephemeron) so that it
 ** can be visited again before finishing the collection cycle. (Open
-** upvalues are an exception to this rule.)  These lists have no meaning
+** upvalues are an exception to this rule, as they are attached to
-** when the invariant is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
+** a corresponding thread.)  These lists have no meaning when the
+** invariant is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
 */
 
 
@@ -45,10 +49,10 @@
 
 /*
 ** macro to tell when main invariant (white objects cannot point to black
-** ones) must be kept. During a collection, the sweep
+** ones) must be kept. During a collection, the sweep phase may break
-** phase may break the invariant, as objects turned white may point to
+** the invariant, as objects turned white may point to still-black
-** still-black objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and
+** objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and all objects
-** all objects are white again.
+** are white again.
 */
 
 #define keepinvariant(g)	((g)->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
@@ -117,36 +121,90 @@
 #define setage(o,a)  ((o)->marked = cast_byte(((o)->marked & (~AGEBITS)) | a))
 #define isold(o)	(getage(o) > G_SURVIVAL)
 
-#define changeage(o,f,t)  \
+
-	check_exp(getage(o) == (f), (o)->marked ^= ((f)^(t)))
+/*
+** In generational mode, objects are created 'new'. After surviving one
+** cycle, they become 'survival'. Both 'new' and 'survival' can point
+** to any other object, as they are traversed at the end of the cycle.
+** We call them both 'young' objects.
+** If a survival object survives another cycle, it becomes 'old1'.
+** 'old1' objects can still point to survival objects (but not to
+** new objects), so they still must be traversed. After another cycle
+** (that, being old, 'old1' objects will "survive" no matter what)
+** finally the 'old1' object becomes really 'old', and then they
+** are no more traversed.
+**
+** To keep its invariants, the generational mode uses the same barriers
+** also used by the incremental mode. If a young object is caught in a
+** forward barrier, it cannot become old immediately, because it can
+** still point to other young objects. Instead, it becomes 'old0',
+** which in the next cycle becomes 'old1'. So, 'old0' objects is
+** old but can point to new and survival objects; 'old1' is old
+** but cannot point to new objects; and 'old' cannot point to any
+** young object.
+**
+** If any old object ('old0', 'old1', 'old') is caught in a back
+** barrier, it becomes 'touched1' and goes into a gray list, to be
+** visited at the end of the cycle.  There it evolves to 'touched2',
+** which can point to survivals but not to new objects. In yet another
+** cycle then it becomes 'old' again.
+**
+** The generational mode must also control the colors of objects,
+** because of the barriers.  While the mutator is running, young objects
+** are kept white. 'old', 'old1', and 'touched2' objects are kept black,
+** as they cannot point to new objects; exceptions are threads and open
+** upvalues, which age to 'old1' and 'old' but are kept gray. 'old0'
+** objects may be gray or black, as in the incremental mode. 'touched1'
+** objects are kept gray, as they must be visited again at the end of
+** the cycle.
+*/
 
 
-/* Default Values for GC parameters */
+/*
-#define LUAI_GENMAJORMUL         100
+** {======================================================
+** Default Values for GC parameters
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Minor collections will shift to major ones after LUAI_MINORMAJOR%
+** bytes become old.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MINORMAJOR         70
+
+/*
+** Major collections will shift to minor ones after a collection
+** collects at least LUAI_MAJORMINOR% of the new bytes.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAJORMINOR         50
+
+/*
+** A young (minor) collection will run after creating LUAI_GENMINORMUL%
+** new bytes.
+*/
 #define LUAI_GENMINORMUL         20
 
-/* wait memory to double before starting new cycle */
+
-#define LUAI_GCPAUSE    200
+/* incremental */
+
+/* Number of bytes must be LUAI_GCPAUSE% before starting new cycle */
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE    250
 
 /*
-** some gc parameters are stored divided by 4 to allow a maximum value
+** Step multiplier: The collector handles LUAI_GCMUL% work units for
-** up to 1023 in a 'lu_byte'.
+** each new allocated word. (Each "work unit" corresponds roughly to
+** sweeping one object or traversing one slot.)
 */
-#define getgcparam(p)	((p) * 4)
+#define LUAI_GCMUL      200
-#define setgcparam(p,v)	((p) = (v) / 4)
 
-#define LUAI_GCMUL      100
+/* How many bytes to allocate before next GC step */
-
+#define LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE	(200 * sizeof(Table))
-/* how much to allocate before next GC step (log2) */
-#define LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE 13      /* 8 KB */
 
 
-/*
+#define setgcparam(g,p,v)  (g->gcparams[LUA_GCP##p] = luaO_codeparam(v))
-** Check whether the declared GC mode is generational. While in
+#define applygcparam(g,p,x)  luaO_applyparam(g->gcparams[LUA_GCP##p], x)
-** generational mode, the collector can go temporarily to incremental
+
-** mode to improve performance. This is signaled by 'g->lastatomic != 0'.
+/* }====================================================== */
-*/
-#define isdecGCmodegen(g)	(g->gckind == KGC_GEN || g->lastatomic != 0)
 
 
 /*
@@ -159,14 +217,22 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Does one step of collection when debt becomes positive. 'pre'/'pos'
+** Does one step of collection when debt becomes zero. 'pre'/'pos'
 ** allows some adjustments to be done only when needed. macro
 ** 'condchangemem' is used only for heavy tests (forcing a full
 ** GC cycle on every opportunity)
 */
+
+#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos,emg)	((void)0)
+#else
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos,emg)  \
+	{ if (gcrunning(G(L))) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, emg); pos; } }
+#endif
+
 #define luaC_condGC(L,pre,pos) \
-	{ if (G(L)->GCdebt > 0) { pre; luaC_step(L); pos;}; \
+	{ if (G(L)->GCdebt <= 0) { pre; luaC_step(L); pos;}; \
-	  condchangemem(L,pre,pos); }
+	  condchangemem(L,pre,pos,0); }
 
 /* more often than not, 'pre'/'pos' are empty */
 #define luaC_checkGC(L)		luaC_condGC(L,(void)0,(void)0)
@@ -188,10 +254,10 @@
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fix (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int state, int fast);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency);
-LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, lu_byte tt, size_t sz);
-LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobjdt (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz,
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobjdt (lua_State *L, lu_byte tt, size_t sz,
                                                  size_t offset);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);

lib/lua/linit.c

@@ -8,21 +8,6 @@
 #define linit_c
 #define LUA_LIB
 
-/*
-** If you embed Lua in your program and need to open the standard
-** libraries, call luaL_openlibs in your program. If you need a
-** different set of libraries, copy this file to your project and edit
-** it to suit your needs.
-**
-** You can also *preload* libraries, so that a later 'require' can
-** open the library, which is already linked to the application.
-** For that, do the following code:
-**
-**  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
-**  lua_pushcfunction(L, luaopen_modname);
-**  lua_setfield(L, -2, modname);
-**  lua_pop(L, 1);  // remove PRELOAD table
-*/
 
 #include "lprefix.h"
 
@@ -33,33 +18,46 @@
 
 #include "lualib.h"
 #include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
-** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
+** Standard Libraries. (Must be listed in the same ORDER of their
-** program
+** respective constants LUA_<libname>K.)
 */
-static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
+static const luaL_Reg stdlibs[] = {
   {LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base},
   {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
   {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
-  {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+  {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
   {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+  {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
   {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
   {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
-  {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+  {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
   {LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
-  {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 
-LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+/*
+** require and preload selected standard libraries
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openselectedlibs (lua_State *L, int load, int preload) {
+  int mask;
   const luaL_Reg *lib;
-  /* "require" functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
-  for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+  for (lib = stdlibs, mask = 1; lib->name != NULL; lib++, mask <<= 1) {
-    luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
+    if (load & mask) {  /* selected? */
-    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove lib */
+      luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);  /* require library */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove result from the stack */
+    }
+    else if (preload & mask) {  /* selected? */
+      lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+      lua_setfield(L, -2, lib->name);  /* add library to PRELOAD table */
+    }
   }
+  lua_assert((mask >> 1) == LUA_UTF8LIBK);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove PRELOAD table */
 }
 

lib/lua/liolib.c

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
-
+#include "llimits.h"
-
 
 
 /*
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ static int l_checkmode (const char *mode) {
 
 #if !defined(l_fseek)		/* { */
 
-#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX) || defined(LUA_USE_OFF_T)	/* { */
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
@@ -444,7 +443,7 @@ static int nextc (RN *rn) {
     return 0;  /* fail */
   }
   else {
-    rn->buff[rn->n++] = rn->c;  /* save current char */
+    rn->buff[rn->n++] = cast_char(rn->c);  /* save current char */
     rn->c = l_getc(rn->f);  /* read next one */
     return 1;
   }
@@ -525,15 +524,15 @@ static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {
   luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
   do {  /* may need to read several chunks to get whole line */
     char *buff = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);  /* preallocate buffer space */
-    int i = 0;
+    unsigned i = 0;
     l_lockfile(f);  /* no memory errors can happen inside the lock */
     while (i < LUAL_BUFFERSIZE && (c = l_getc(f)) != EOF && c != '\n')
-      buff[i++] = c;  /* read up to end of line or buffer limit */
+      buff[i++] = cast_char(c);  /* read up to end of line or buffer limit */
     l_unlockfile(f);
     luaL_addsize(&b, i);
   } while (c != EOF && c != '\n');  /* repeat until end of line */
   if (!chop && c == '\n')  /* want a newline and have one? */
-    luaL_addchar(&b, c);  /* add ending newline to result */
+    luaL_addchar(&b, '\n');  /* add ending newline to result */
   luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
   /* return ok if read something (either a newline or something else) */
   return (c == '\n' || lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0);
@@ -663,28 +662,28 @@ static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
   int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;
-  int status = 1;
+  size_t totalbytes = 0;  /* total number of bytes written */
   errno = 0;
-  for (; nargs--; arg++) {
+  for (; nargs--; arg++) {  /* for each argument */
-    if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+    char buff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
-      /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
+    const char *s;
-      int len = lua_isinteger(L, arg)
+    size_t numbytes;  /* bytes written in one call to 'fwrite' */
-                ? fprintf(f, LUA_INTEGER_FMT,
+    size_t len = lua_numbertocstring(L, arg, buff);  /* try as a number */
-                             (LUAI_UACINT)lua_tointeger(L, arg))
+    if (len > 0) {  /* did conversion work (value was a number)? */
-                : fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT,
+      s = buff;
-                             (LUAI_UACNUMBER)lua_tonumber(L, arg));
+      len--;
-      status = status && (len > 0);
     }
-    else {
+    else  /* must be a string */
-      size_t l;
+      s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
-      const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+    numbytes = fwrite(s, sizeof(char), len, f);
-      status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+    totalbytes += numbytes;
+    if (numbytes < len) {  /* write error? */
+      int n = luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, cast_st2S(totalbytes));
+      return n + 1;  /* return fail, error msg., error code, and counter */
     }
   }
-  if (l_likely(status))
+  return 1;  /* no errors; file handle already on stack top */
-    return 1;  /* file handle already on stack top */
-  else
-    return luaL_fileresult(L, status, NULL);
 }
 
 
@@ -733,18 +732,19 @@ static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-
+static int aux_flush (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
-static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
-  FILE *f = getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT);
   errno = 0;
   return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(f) == 0, NULL);
 }
 
 
 static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
-  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  return aux_flush(L, tofile(L));
-  errno = 0;
+}
-  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(f) == 0, NULL);
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
+  return aux_flush(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT));
 }
 
 

lib/lua/ljumptab.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ static const void *const disptab[NUM_OPCODES] = {
 #if 0
 ** you can update the following list with this command:
 **
-**  sed -n '/^OP_/\!d; s/OP_/\&\&L_OP_/ ; s/,.*/,/ ; s/\/.*// ; p'  lopcodes.h
+**  sed -n '/^OP_/!d; s/OP_/\&\&L_OP_/ ; s/,.*/,/ ; s/\/.*// ; p'  lopcodes.h
 **
 #endif
 
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ static const void *const disptab[NUM_OPCODES] = {
 &&L_OP_BANDK,
 &&L_OP_BORK,
 &&L_OP_BXORK,
-&&L_OP_SHRI,
 &&L_OP_SHLI,
+&&L_OP_SHRI,
 &&L_OP_ADD,
 &&L_OP_SUB,
 &&L_OP_MUL,
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ static const void *const disptab[NUM_OPCODES] = {
 &&L_OP_SETLIST,
 &&L_OP_CLOSURE,
 &&L_OP_VARARG,
+&&L_OP_GETVARG,
+&&L_OP_ERRNNIL,
 &&L_OP_VARARGPREP,
 &&L_OP_EXTRAARG
 

lib/lua/llex.c

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@
 #define next(ls)	(ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
 
 
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER   32
+#endif
+
 
 #define currIsNewline(ls)	(ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
 
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@
 /* ORDER RESERVED */
 static const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
     "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
-    "end", "false", "for", "function", "goto", "if",
+    "end", "false", "for", "function", "global", "goto", "if",
     "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
     "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
     "//", "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=",
@@ -57,10 +62,10 @@ static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
 static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
   Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
   if (luaZ_bufflen(b) + 1 > luaZ_sizebuffer(b)) {
-    size_t newsize;
+    size_t newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b);  /* get old size */;
-    if (luaZ_sizebuffer(b) >= MAX_SIZE/2)
+    if (newsize >= (MAX_SIZE/3 * 2))  /* larger than MAX_SIZE/1.5 ? */
       lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
-    newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b) * 2;
+    newsize += (newsize >> 1);  /* new size is 1.5 times the old one */
     luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
   }
   b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast_char(c);
@@ -122,30 +127,34 @@ l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
 
 
 /*
-** Creates a new string and anchors it in scanner's table so that it
+** Anchors a string in scanner's table so that it will not be collected
-** will not be collected until the end of the compilation; by that time
+** until the end of the compilation; by that time it should be anchored
-** it should be anchored somewhere. It also internalizes long strings,
+** somewhere. It also internalizes long strings, ensuring there is only
-** ensuring there is only one copy of each unique string.  The table
+** one copy of each unique string.
-** here is used as a set: the string enters as the key, while its value
-** is irrelevant. We use the string itself as the value only because it
-** is a TValue readily available. Later, the code generation can change
-** this value.
 */
-TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+static TString *anchorstr (LexState *ls, TString *ts) {
   lua_State *L = ls->L;
-  TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l);  /* create new string */
+  TValue oldts;
-  const TValue *o = luaH_getstr(ls->h, ts);
+  int tag = luaH_getstr(ls->h, ts, &oldts);
-  if (!ttisnil(o))  /* string already present? */
+  if (!tagisempty(tag))  /* string already present? */
-    ts = keystrval(nodefromval(o));  /* get saved copy */
+    return tsvalue(&oldts);  /* use stored value */
-  else {  /* not in use yet */
+  else {  /* create a new entry */
     TValue *stv = s2v(L->top.p++);  /* reserve stack space for string */
-    setsvalue(L, stv, ts);  /* temporarily anchor the string */
+    setsvalue(L, stv, ts);  /* push (anchor) the string on the stack */
-    luaH_finishset(L, ls->h, stv, o, stv);  /* t[string] = string */
+    luaH_set(L, ls->h, stv, stv);  /* t[string] = string */
     /* table is not a metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
     luaC_checkGC(L);
     L->top.p--;  /* remove string from stack */
+    return ts;
   }
-  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a new string and anchors it in scanner's table.
+*/
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  return anchorstr(ls, luaS_newlstr(ls->L, str, l));
 }
 
 
@@ -159,7 +168,7 @@ static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
   next(ls);  /* skip '\n' or '\r' */
   if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
     next(ls);  /* skip '\n\r' or '\r\n' */
-  if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+  if (++ls->linenumber >= INT_MAX)
     lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines", 0);
 }
 
@@ -175,7 +184,15 @@ void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
   ls->linenumber = 1;
   ls->lastline = 1;
   ls->source = source;
-  ls->envn = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* get env name */
+  /* all three strings here ("_ENV", "break", "global") were fixed,
+     so they cannot be collected */
+  ls->envn = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* get env string */
+  ls->brkn = luaS_newliteral(L, "break");  /* get "break" string */
+#if LUA_COMPAT_GLOBAL
+  /* compatibility mode: "global" is not a reserved word */
+  ls->glbn = luaS_newliteral(L, "global");  /* get "global" string */
+  ls->glbn->extra = 0;  /* mark it as not reserved */
+#endif
   luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER);  /* initialize buffer */
 }
 
@@ -340,12 +357,17 @@ static int readhexaesc (LexState *ls) {
 }
 
 
-static unsigned long readutf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+/*
-  unsigned long r;
+** When reading a UTF-8 escape sequence, save everything to the buffer
-  int i = 4;  /* chars to be removed: '\', 'u', '{', and first digit */
+** for error reporting in case of errors; 'i' counts the number of
+** saved characters, so that they can be removed if case of success.
+*/
+static l_uint32 readutf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  l_uint32 r;
+  int i = 4;  /* number of chars to be removed: start with #"\u{X" */
   save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 'u' */
   esccheck(ls, ls->current == '{', "missing '{'");
-  r = gethexa(ls);  /* must have at least one digit */
+  r = cast_uint(gethexa(ls));  /* must have at least one digit */
   while (cast_void(save_and_next(ls)), lisxdigit(ls->current)) {
     i++;
     esccheck(ls, r <= (0x7FFFFFFFu >> 4), "UTF-8 value too large");
@@ -542,12 +564,13 @@ static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
           do {
             save_and_next(ls);
           } while (lislalnum(ls->current));
-          ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+          /* find or create string */
-                                  luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+          ts = luaS_newlstr(ls->L, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
-          seminfo->ts = ts;
+                                   luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
-          if (isreserved(ts))  /* reserved word? */
+          if (isreserved(ts))   /* reserved word? */
             return ts->extra - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
           else {
+            seminfo->ts = anchorstr(ls, ts);
             return TK_NAME;
           }
         }

lib/lua/llex.h

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ enum RESERVED {
   /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
   TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
   TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
-  TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+  TK_GLOBAL, TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR,
-  TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+  TK_REPEAT, TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
   /* other terminal symbols */
   TK_IDIV, TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE,
   TK_SHL, TK_SHR,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ typedef struct Token {
 } Token;
 
 
-/* state of the lexer plus state of the parser when shared by all
+/* state of the scanner plus state of the parser when shared by all
    functions */
 typedef struct LexState {
   int current;  /* current character (charint) */
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ typedef struct LexState {
   struct Dyndata *dyd;  /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
   TString *source;  /* current source name */
   TString *envn;  /* environment variable name */
+  TString *brkn;  /* "break" name (used as a label) */
+  TString *glbn;  /* "global" name (when not a reserved word) */
 } LexState;
 
 

lib/lua/llimits.h

@@ -15,50 +15,49 @@
 #include "lua.h"
 
 
+#define l_numbits(t)	cast_int(sizeof(t) * CHAR_BIT)
+
 /*
-** 'lu_mem' and 'l_mem' are unsigned/signed integers big enough to count
+** 'l_mem' is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory
-** the total memory used by Lua (in bytes). Usually, 'size_t' and
+** used by Lua.  (It is signed due to the use of debt in several
+** computations.) 'lu_mem' is a corresponding unsigned type.  Usually,
 ** 'ptrdiff_t' should work, but we use 'long' for 16-bit machines.
 */
 #if defined(LUAI_MEM)		/* { external definitions? */
-typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
 typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
 #elif LUAI_IS32INT	/* }{ */
-typedef size_t lu_mem;
 typedef ptrdiff_t l_mem;
+typedef size_t lu_mem;
 #else  /* 16-bit ints */	/* }{ */
-typedef unsigned long lu_mem;
 typedef long l_mem;
+typedef unsigned long lu_mem;
 #endif				/* } */
 
+#define MAX_LMEM  \
+	cast(l_mem, (cast(lu_mem, 1) << (l_numbits(l_mem) - 1)) - 1)
+
 
 /* chars used as small naturals (so that 'char' is reserved for characters) */
 typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
 typedef signed char ls_byte;
 
 
+/* Type for thread status/error codes */
+typedef lu_byte TStatus;
+
+/* The C API still uses 'int' for status/error codes */
+#define APIstatus(st)	cast_int(st)
+
 /* maximum value for size_t */
 #define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
 
-/* maximum size visible for Lua (must be representable in a lua_Integer) */
-#define MAX_SIZE	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(lua_Integer) ? MAX_SIZET \
-                          : (size_t)(LUA_MAXINTEGER))
-
-
-#define MAX_LUMEM	((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0))
-
-#define MAX_LMEM	((l_mem)(MAX_LUMEM >> 1))
-
-
-#define MAX_INT		INT_MAX  /* maximum value of an int */
-
-
 /*
-** floor of the log2 of the maximum signed value for integral type 't'.
+** Maximum size for strings and userdata visible for Lua; should be
-** (That is, maximum 'n' such that '2^n' fits in the given signed type.)
+** representable as a lua_Integer and as a size_t.
 */
-#define log2maxs(t)	(sizeof(t) * 8 - 2)
+#define MAX_SIZE	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(lua_Integer) ? MAX_SIZET \
-
+			  : cast_sizet(LUA_MAXINTEGER))
 
 /*
 ** test whether an unsigned value is a power of 2 (or zero)
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ typedef signed char ls_byte;
 #define L_P2I	size_t
 #endif
 
-#define point2uint(p)	((unsigned int)((L_P2I)(p) & UINT_MAX))
+#define point2uint(p)	cast_uint((L_P2I)(p) & UINT_MAX)
 
 
 
@@ -104,26 +103,18 @@ typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
 #undef NDEBUG
 #include <assert.h>
 #define lua_assert(c)           assert(c)
+#define assert_code(c)		c
 #endif
 
 #if defined(lua_assert)
-#define check_exp(c,e)		(lua_assert(c), (e))
-/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
-#define lua_longassert(c)	((c) ? (void)0 : lua_assert(0))
 #else
 #define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
-#define check_exp(c,e)		(e)
+#define assert_code(c)		((void)0)
-#define lua_longassert(c)	((void)0)
 #endif
 
-/*
+#define check_exp(c,e)		(lua_assert(c), (e))
-** assertion for checking API calls
+/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
-*/
+#define lua_longassert(c)	assert_code((c) ? (void)0 : lua_assert(0))
-#if !defined(luai_apicheck)
-#define luai_apicheck(l,e)	((void)l, lua_assert(e))
-#endif
-
-#define api_check(l,e,msg)	luai_apicheck(l,(e) && msg)
 
 
 /* macro to avoid warnings about unused variables */
@@ -139,12 +130,15 @@ typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
 #define cast_voidp(i)	cast(void *, (i))
 #define cast_num(i)	cast(lua_Number, (i))
 #define cast_int(i)	cast(int, (i))
+#define cast_short(i)	cast(short, (i))
 #define cast_uint(i)	cast(unsigned int, (i))
 #define cast_byte(i)	cast(lu_byte, (i))
 #define cast_uchar(i)	cast(unsigned char, (i))
 #define cast_char(i)	cast(char, (i))
 #define cast_charp(i)	cast(char *, (i))
 #define cast_sizet(i)	cast(size_t, (i))
+#define cast_Integer(i)	cast(lua_Integer, (i))
+#define cast_Inst(i)	cast(Instruction, (i))
 
 
 /* cast a signed lua_Integer to lua_Unsigned */
@@ -161,6 +155,38 @@ typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
 #define l_castU2S(i)	((lua_Integer)(i))
 #endif
 
+/*
+** cast a size_t to lua_Integer: These casts are always valid for
+** sizes of Lua objects (see MAX_SIZE)
+*/
+#define cast_st2S(sz)	((lua_Integer)(sz))
+
+/* Cast a ptrdiff_t to size_t, when it is known that the minuend
+** comes from the subtrahend (the base)
+*/
+#define ct_diff2sz(df)	((size_t)(df))
+
+/* ptrdiff_t to lua_Integer */
+#define ct_diff2S(df)	cast_st2S(ct_diff2sz(df))
+
+/*
+** Special type equivalent to '(void*)' for functions (to suppress some
+** warnings when converting function pointers)
+*/
+typedef void (*voidf)(void);
+
+/*
+** Macro to convert pointer-to-void* to pointer-to-function. This cast
+** is undefined according to ISO C, but POSIX assumes that it works.
+** (The '__extension__' in gnu compilers is only to avoid warnings.)
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define cast_func(p) (__extension__ (voidf)(p))
+#else
+#define cast_func(p) ((voidf)(p))
+#endif
+
+
 
 /*
 ** non-return type
@@ -193,8 +219,7 @@ typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
 
 
 /*
-** type for virtual-machine instructions;
+** An unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes
-** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
 */
 #if LUAI_IS32INT
 typedef unsigned int l_uint32;
@@ -202,107 +227,6 @@ typedef unsigned int l_uint32;
 typedef unsigned long l_uint32;
 #endif
 
-typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
-
-
-
-/*
-** Maximum length for short strings, that is, strings that are
-** internalized. (Cannot be smaller than reserved words or tags for
-** metamethods, as these strings must be internalized;
-** #("function") = 8, #("__newindex") = 10.)
-*/
-#if !defined(LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
-#define LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN	40
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Initial size for the string table (must be power of 2).
-** The Lua core alone registers ~50 strings (reserved words +
-** metaevent keys + a few others). Libraries would typically add
-** a few dozens more.
-*/
-#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
-#define MINSTRTABSIZE	128
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Size of cache for strings in the API. 'N' is the number of
-** sets (better be a prime) and "M" is the size of each set (M == 1
-** makes a direct cache.)
-*/
-#if !defined(STRCACHE_N)
-#define STRCACHE_N		53
-#define STRCACHE_M		2
-#endif
-
-
-/* minimum size for string buffer */
-#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
-#define LUA_MINBUFFER	32
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Maximum depth for nested C calls, syntactical nested non-terminals,
-** and other features implemented through recursion in C. (Value must
-** fit in a 16-bit unsigned integer. It must also be compatible with
-** the size of the C stack.)
-*/
-#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
-#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS		200
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** macros that are executed whenever program enters the Lua core
-** ('lua_lock') and leaves the core ('lua_unlock')
-*/
-#if !defined(lua_lock)
-#define lua_lock(L)	((void) 0)
-#define lua_unlock(L)	((void) 0)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** macro executed during Lua functions at points where the
-** function can yield.
-*/
-#if !defined(luai_threadyield)
-#define luai_threadyield(L)	{lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** these macros allow user-specific actions when a thread is
-** created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
-*/
-#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
-#define luai_userstateopen(L)		((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
-#define luai_userstateclose(L)		((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
-#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1)	((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
-#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1)	((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
-#define luai_userstateresume(L,n)	((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
-#define luai_userstateyield(L,n)	((void)L)
-#endif
-
-
 
 /*
 ** The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
@@ -310,12 +234,12 @@ typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
 
 /* floor division (defined as 'floor(a/b)') */
 #if !defined(luai_numidiv)
-#define luai_numidiv(L,a,b)     ((void)L, l_floor(luai_numdiv(L,a,b)))
+#define luai_numidiv(L,a,b)     l_floor(luai_numdiv(L,a,b))
 #endif
 
 /* float division */
 #if !defined(luai_numdiv)
-#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b)      ((a)/(b))
+#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b)      ((void)L, (a)/(b))
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -343,10 +267,10 @@ typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
 
 /* the others are quite standard operations */
 #if !defined(luai_numadd)
-#define luai_numadd(L,a,b)      ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numadd(L,a,b)      ((void)L, (a)+(b))
-#define luai_numsub(L,a,b)      ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_numsub(L,a,b)      ((void)L, (a)-(b))
-#define luai_nummul(L,a,b)      ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_nummul(L,a,b)      ((void)L, (a)*(b))
-#define luai_numunm(L,a)        (-(a))
+#define luai_numunm(L,a)        ((void)L, -(a))
 #define luai_numeq(a,b)         ((a)==(b))
 #define luai_numlt(a,b)         ((a)<(b))
 #define luai_numle(a,b)         ((a)<=(b))
@@ -357,24 +281,77 @@ typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
 
 
 
+/*
+** lua_numbertointeger converts a float number with an integral value
+** to an integer, or returns 0 if the float is not within the range of
+** a lua_Integer.  (The range comparisons are tricky because of
+** rounding. The tests here assume a two-complement representation,
+** where MININTEGER always has an exact representation as a float;
+** MAXINTEGER may not have one, and therefore its conversion to float
+** may have an ill-defined value.)
+*/
+#define lua_numbertointeger(n,p) \
+  ((n) >= (LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+   (n) < -(LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+      (*(p) = (LUA_INTEGER)(n), 1))
+
 
 
 /*
-** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+** LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+** exported to outside modules.
+** LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables,
+** none of which to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for
+** definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).
+** Elf and MACH/gcc (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to
+** optimize access when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf
+** targets support this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer
+** a way to check whether the target offers that support, and those
+** without support give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings,
+** change to the default definition.
 */
-#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#if !defined(LUAI_FUNC)
-#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+    (defined(__ELF__) || defined(__MACH__))
+#define LUAI_FUNC	__attribute__((visibility("internal"))) extern
 #else
-/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define LUAI_FUNC	extern
-#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)  \
-  { int sz_ = stacksize(L); pre; luaD_reallocstack((L), sz_, 0); pos; }
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define LUAI_DDEC(dec)	LUAI_FUNC dec
-#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#define LUAI_DDEF	/* empty */
-#else
-#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)  \
-	{ if (gcrunning(G(L))) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, 0); pos; } }
-#endif
 
 #endif
+
+
+/* Give these macros simpler names for internal use */
+#define l_likely(x)	luai_likely(x)
+#define l_unlikely(x)	luai_unlikely(x)
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** "Abstraction Layer" for basic report of messages and errors
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* print a string */
+#if !defined(lua_writestring)
+#define lua_writestring(s,l)   fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)
+#endif
+
+/* print a newline and flush the output */
+#if !defined(lua_writeline)
+#define lua_writeline()        (lua_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))
+#endif
+
+/* print an error message */
+#if !defined(lua_writestringerror)
+#define lua_writestringerror(s,p) \
+        (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+#endif
+

lib/lua/lmathlib.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 #undef PI
@@ -37,31 +38,37 @@ static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {
   lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
   lua_Number x = luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 1);
@@ -105,7 +112,7 @@ static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
   if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
-    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own ceil */
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own ceiling */
   else {
     lua_Number d = l_mathop(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
     pushnumint(L, d);
@@ -166,6 +173,7 @@ static int math_ult (lua_State *L) {
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
   lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
   lua_Number res;
@@ -187,22 +195,42 @@ static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (l_mathop(180.0) / PI));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (PI / l_mathop(180.0)));
   return 1;
 }
 
 
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int ep;
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(frexp)(x, &ep));
+  lua_pushinteger(L, ep);
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int ep = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ldexp)(x, ep));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
 static int math_min (lua_State *L) {
   int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
   int imin = 1;  /* index of current minimum value */
@@ -250,7 +278,7 @@ static int math_type (lua_State *L) {
 */
 
 /*
-** This code uses lots of shifts. ANSI C does not allow shifts greater
+** This code uses lots of shifts. ISO C does not allow shifts greater
 ** than or equal to the width of the type being shifted, so some shifts
 ** are written in convoluted ways to match that restriction. For
 ** preprocessor tests, it assumes a width of 32 bits, so the maximum
@@ -366,25 +394,17 @@ static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
 
 #else	/* no 'Rand64'   }{ */
 
-/* get an integer with at least 32 bits */
-#if LUAI_IS32INT
-typedef unsigned int lu_int32;
-#else
-typedef unsigned long lu_int32;
-#endif
-
-
 /*
 ** Use two 32-bit integers to represent a 64-bit quantity.
 */
 typedef struct Rand64 {
-  lu_int32 h;  /* higher half */
+  l_uint32 h;  /* higher half */
-  lu_int32 l;  /* lower half */
+  l_uint32 l;  /* lower half */
 } Rand64;
 
 
 /*
-** If 'lu_int32' has more than 32 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** If 'l_uint32' has more than 32 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
 ** with the 32 initial bits, except in a right shift and comparisons.
 ** Moreover, the final result has to discard the extra bits.
 */
@@ -398,7 +418,7 @@ typedef struct Rand64 {
 */
 
 /* build a new Rand64 value */
-static Rand64 packI (lu_int32 h, lu_int32 l) {
+static Rand64 packI (l_uint32 h, l_uint32 l) {
   Rand64 result;
   result.h = h;
   result.l = l;
@@ -471,7 +491,7 @@ static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
 */
 
 /* an unsigned 1 with proper type */
-#define UONE		((lu_int32)1)
+#define UONE		((l_uint32)1)
 
 
 #if FIGS <= 32
@@ -522,7 +542,7 @@ static lua_Unsigned I2UInt (Rand64 x) {
 
 /* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
 static Rand64 Int2I (lua_Unsigned n) {
-  return packI((lu_int32)((n >> 31) >> 1), (lu_int32)n);
+  return packI((l_uint32)((n >> 31) >> 1), (l_uint32)n);
 }
 
 #endif  /* } */
@@ -540,7 +560,7 @@ typedef struct {
 ** Project the random integer 'ran' into the interval [0, n].
 ** Because 'ran' has 2^B possible values, the projection can only be
 ** uniform when the size of the interval is a power of 2 (exact
-** division). Otherwise, to get a uniform projection into [0, n], we
+** division). So, to get a uniform projection into [0, n], we
 ** first compute 'lim', the smallest Mersenne number not smaller than
 ** 'n'. We then project 'ran' into the interval [0, lim].  If the result
 ** is inside [0, n], we are done. Otherwise, we try with another 'ran',
@@ -548,26 +568,14 @@ typedef struct {
 */
 static lua_Unsigned project (lua_Unsigned ran, lua_Unsigned n,
                              RanState *state) {
-  if ((n & (n + 1)) == 0)  /* is 'n + 1' a power of 2? */
+  lua_Unsigned lim = n;  /* to compute the Mersenne number */
-    return ran & n;  /* no bias */
+  int sh;  /* how much to spread bits to the right in 'lim' */
-  else {
+  /* spread '1' bits in 'lim' until it becomes a Mersenne number */
-    lua_Unsigned lim = n;
+  for (sh = 1; (lim & (lim + 1)) != 0; sh *= 2)
-    /* compute the smallest (2^b - 1) not smaller than 'n' */
+    lim |= (lim >> sh);  /* spread '1's to the right */
-    lim |= (lim >> 1);
+  while ((ran &= lim) > n)  /* project 'ran' into [0..lim] and test */
-    lim |= (lim >> 2);
+    ran = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* not inside [0..n]? try again */
-    lim |= (lim >> 4);
+  return ran;
-    lim |= (lim >> 8);
-    lim |= (lim >> 16);
-#if (LUA_MAXUNSIGNED >> 31) >= 3
-    lim |= (lim >> 32);  /* integer type has more than 32 bits */
-#endif
-    lua_assert((lim & (lim + 1)) == 0  /* 'lim + 1' is a power of 2, */
-      && lim >= n  /* not smaller than 'n', */
-      && (lim >> 1) < n);  /* and it is the smallest one */
-    while ((ran &= lim) > n)  /* project 'ran' into [0..lim] */
-      ran = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* not inside [0..n]? try again */
-    return ran;
-  }
 }
 
 
@@ -585,7 +593,7 @@ static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
       low = 1;
       up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
       if (up == 0) {  /* single 0 as argument? */
-        lua_pushinteger(L, I2UInt(rv));  /* full random integer */
+        lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(I2UInt(rv)));  /* full random integer */
         return 1;
       }
       break;
@@ -600,8 +608,8 @@ static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
   /* random integer in the interval [low, up] */
   luaL_argcheck(L, low <= up, 1, "interval is empty");
   /* project random integer into the interval [0, up - low] */
-  p = project(I2UInt(rv), (lua_Unsigned)up - (lua_Unsigned)low, state);
+  p = project(I2UInt(rv), l_castS2U(up) - l_castS2U(low), state);
-  lua_pushinteger(L, p + (lua_Unsigned)low);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(p + l_castS2U(low)));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -615,33 +623,23 @@ static void setseed (lua_State *L, Rand64 *state,
   state[3] = Int2I(0);
   for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
     nextrand(state);  /* discard initial values to "spread" seed */
-  lua_pushinteger(L, n1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(n1));
-  lua_pushinteger(L, n2);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(n2));
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Set a "random" seed. To get some randomness, use the current time
-** and the address of 'L' (in case the machine does address space layout
-** randomization).
-*/
-static void randseed (lua_State *L, RanState *state) {
-  lua_Unsigned seed1 = (lua_Unsigned)time(NULL);
-  lua_Unsigned seed2 = (lua_Unsigned)(size_t)L;
-  setseed(L, state->s, seed1, seed2);
 }
 
 
 static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
   RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  lua_Unsigned n1, n2;
   if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) {
-    randseed(L, state);
+    n1 = luaL_makeseed(L);  /* "random" seed */
+    n2 = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* in case seed is not that random... */
   }
   else {
-    lua_Integer n1 = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+    n1 = l_castS2U(luaL_checkinteger(L, 1));
-    lua_Integer n2 = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+    n2 = l_castS2U(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0));
-    setseed(L, state->s, n1, n2);
   }
+  setseed(L, state->s, n1, n2);
   return 2;  /* return seeds */
 }
 
@@ -658,7 +656,7 @@ static const luaL_Reg randfuncs[] = {
 */
 static void setrandfunc (lua_State *L) {
   RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(RanState), 0);
-  randseed(L, state);  /* initialize with a "random" seed */
+  setseed(L, state->s, luaL_makeseed(L), 0);  /* initialize with random seed */
   lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove pushed seeds */
   luaL_setfuncs(L, randfuncs, 1);
 }
@@ -695,20 +693,6 @@ static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
-  int e;
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(frexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
-  lua_pushinteger(L, e);
-  return 2;
-}
-
-static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
-  int ep = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ldexp)(x, ep));
-  return 1;
-}
-
 static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
@@ -731,7 +715,9 @@ static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
   {"tointeger", math_toint},
   {"floor", math_floor},
   {"fmod",   math_fmod},
+  {"frexp", math_frexp},
   {"ult",   math_ult},
+  {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
   {"log",   math_log},
   {"max",   math_max},
   {"min",   math_min},
@@ -747,8 +733,6 @@ static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
   {"sinh",   math_sinh},
   {"tanh",   math_tanh},
   {"pow",   math_pow},
-  {"frexp", math_frexp},
-  {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
   {"log10", math_log10},
 #endif
   /* placeholders */

lib/lua/lmem.c

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static void *firsttry (global_State *g, void *block, size_t os, size_t ns) {
 
 
 void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems, int *psize,
-                     int size_elems, int limit, const char *what) {
+                     unsigned size_elems, int limit, const char *what) {
   void *newblock;
   int size = *psize;
   if (nelems + 1 <= size)  /* does one extra element still fit? */
@@ -126,10 +126,10 @@ void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems, int *psize,
 ** error.
 */
 void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
-                          int final_n, int size_elem) {
+                          int final_n, unsigned size_elem) {
   void *newblock;
-  size_t oldsize = cast_sizet((*size) * size_elem);
+  size_t oldsize = cast_sizet(*size) * size_elem;
-  size_t newsize = cast_sizet(final_n * size_elem);
+  size_t newsize = cast_sizet(final_n) * size_elem;
   lua_assert(newsize <= oldsize);
   newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, oldsize, newsize);
   *size = final_n;
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize) {
   global_State *g = G(L);
   lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
   callfrealloc(g, block, osize, 0);
-  g->GCdebt -= osize;
+  g->GCdebt += cast(l_mem, osize);
 }
 
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
       return NULL;  /* do not update 'GCdebt' */
   }
   lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (newblock == NULL));
-  g->GCdebt = (g->GCdebt + nsize) - osize;
+  g->GCdebt -= cast(l_mem, nsize) - cast(l_mem, osize);
   return newblock;
 }
 
@@ -203,13 +203,13 @@ void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag) {
     return NULL;  /* that's all */
   else {
     global_State *g = G(L);
-    void *newblock = firsttry(g, NULL, tag, size);
+    void *newblock = firsttry(g, NULL, cast_sizet(tag), size);
     if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL)) {
-      newblock = tryagain(L, NULL, tag, size);
+      newblock = tryagain(L, NULL, cast_sizet(tag), size);
       if (newblock == NULL)
         luaM_error(L);
     }
-    g->GCdebt += size;
+    g->GCdebt -= cast(l_mem, size);
     return newblock;
   }
 }

lib/lua/lmem.h

@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
 ** Computes the minimum between 'n' and 'MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)', so that
 ** the result is not larger than 'n' and cannot overflow a 'size_t'
 ** when multiplied by the size of type 't'. (Assumes that 'n' is an
-** 'int' or 'unsigned int' and that 'int' is not larger than 'size_t'.)
+** 'int' and that 'int' is not larger than 'size_t'.)
 */
 #define luaM_limitN(n,t)  \
   ((cast_sizet(n) <= MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)) ? (n) :  \
-     cast_uint((MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t))))
+     cast_int((MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t))))
 
 
 /*
@@ -57,12 +57,15 @@
 #define luaM_freearray(L, b, n)   luaM_free_(L, (b), (n)*sizeof(*(b)))
 
 #define luaM_new(L,t)		cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, sizeof(t), 0))
-#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t)	cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, (n)*sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t)  \
+	cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, cast_sizet(n)*sizeof(t), 0))
 #define luaM_newvectorchecked(L,n,t) \
   (luaM_checksize(L,n,sizeof(t)), luaM_newvector(L,n,t))
 
 #define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s)	luaM_malloc_(L, (s), tag)
 
+#define luaM_newblock(L, size)	luaM_newvector(L, size, char)
+
 #define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
 	((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,nelems,&(size),sizeof(t), \
                          luaM_limitN(limit,t),e)))
@@ -83,10 +86,10 @@ LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
                                                               size_t size);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize);
 LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems,
-                               int *size, int size_elem, int limit,
+                               int *size, unsigned size_elem, int limit,
                                const char *what);
 LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *nelem,
-                                    int final_n, int size_elem);
+                                    int final_n, unsigned size_elem);
 LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag);
 
 #endif

lib/lua/loadlib.c

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -58,11 +59,8 @@ static const char *const CLIBS = "_CLIBS";
 #define setprogdir(L)           ((void)0)
 
 
-/*
+/* cast void* to a Lua function */
-** Special type equivalent to '(void*)' for functions in gcc
+#define cast_Lfunc(p)	cast(lua_CFunction, cast_func(p))
-** (to suppress warnings when converting function pointers)
-*/
-typedef void (*voidf)(void);
 
 
 /*
@@ -95,26 +93,13 @@ static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
 #if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)	/* { */
 /*
 ** {========================================================================
-** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface,
-** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
+** which is available in all POSIX systems.
-** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and  probably most other Unix flavors, at least
-** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
 ** =========================================================================
 */
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 
-/*
-** Macro to convert pointer-to-void* to pointer-to-function. This cast
-** is undefined according to ISO C, but POSIX assumes that it works.
-** (The '__extension__' in gnu compilers is only to avoid warnings.)
-*/
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-#define cast_func(p) (__extension__ (lua_CFunction)(p))
-#else
-#define cast_func(p) ((lua_CFunction)(p))
-#endif
-
 
 static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
   dlclose(lib);
@@ -130,7 +115,7 @@ static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
 
 
 static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
-  lua_CFunction f = cast_func(dlsym(lib, sym));
+  lua_CFunction f = cast_Lfunc(dlsym(lib, sym));
   if (l_unlikely(f == NULL))
     lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
   return f;
@@ -206,7 +191,7 @@ static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
 
 
 static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
-  lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)(voidf)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym);
+  lua_CFunction f = cast_Lfunc(GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym));
   if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
   return f;
 }
@@ -283,7 +268,8 @@ static int noenv (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 /*
-** Set a path
+** Set a path. (If using the default path, assume it is a string
+** literal in C and create it as an external string.)
 */
 static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
                                    const char *envname,
@@ -294,7 +280,7 @@ static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
   if (path == NULL)  /* no versioned environment variable? */
     path = getenv(envname);  /* try unversioned name */
   if (path == NULL || noenv(L))  /* no environment variable? */
-    lua_pushstring(L, dft);  /* use default */
+    lua_pushexternalstring(L, dft, strlen(dft), NULL, NULL);  /* use default */
   else if ((dftmark = strstr(path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP)) == NULL)
     lua_pushstring(L, path);  /* nothing to change */
   else {  /* path contains a ";;": insert default path in its place */
@@ -302,13 +288,13 @@ static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
     luaL_Buffer b;
     luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
     if (path < dftmark) {  /* is there a prefix before ';;'? */
-      luaL_addlstring(&b, path, dftmark - path);  /* add it */
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, path, ct_diff2sz(dftmark - path));  /* add it */
       luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
     }
     luaL_addstring(&b, dft);  /* add default */
     if (dftmark < path + len - 2) {  /* is there a suffix after ';;'? */
       luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
-      luaL_addlstring(&b, dftmark + 2, (path + len - 2) - dftmark);
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, dftmark + 2, ct_diff2sz((path + len - 2) - dftmark));
     }
     luaL_pushresult(&b);
   }
@@ -320,6 +306,16 @@ static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
 /* }================================================================== */
 
 
+/*
+** External strings created by DLLs may need the DLL code to be
+** deallocated. This implies that a DLL can only be unloaded after all
+** its strings were deallocated. To ensure that, we create a 'library
+** string' to represent each DLL, and when this string is deallocated
+** it closes its corresponding DLL.
+** (The string itself is irrelevant; its userdata is the DLL pointer.)
+*/
+
+
 /*
 ** return registry.CLIBS[path]
 */
@@ -334,34 +330,41 @@ static void *checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
 
 
 /*
-** registry.CLIBS[path] = plib        -- for queries
+** Deallocate function for library strings.
-** registry.CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib  -- also keep a list of all libraries
+** Unload the DLL associated with the string being deallocated.
 */
-static void addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {
+static void *freelib (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
-  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  /* string itself is irrelevant and static */
-  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);
+  (void)ptr; (void)osize; (void)nsize;
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lsys_unloadlib(ud);  /* unload library represented by the string */
-  lua_setfield(L, -3, path);  /* CLIBS[path] = plib */
+  return NULL;
-  lua_rawseti(L, -2, luaL_len(L, -2) + 1);  /* CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib */
-  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop CLIBS table */
 }
 
 
 /*
-** __gc tag method for CLIBS table: calls 'lsys_unloadlib' for all lib
+** Create a library string that, when deallocated, will unload 'plib'
-** handles in list CLIBS
 */
-static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
+static void createlibstr (lua_State *L, void *plib) {
-  lua_Integer n = luaL_len(L, 1);
+  /* common content for all library strings */
-  for (; n >= 1; n--) {  /* for each handle, in reverse order */
+  static const char dummy[] = "01234567890";
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, n);  /* get handle CLIBS[n] */
+  lua_pushexternalstring(L, dummy, sizeof(dummy) - 1, freelib, plib);
-    lsys_unloadlib(lua_touserdata(L, -1));
-    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop handle */
-  }
-  return 0;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** registry.CLIBS[path] = plib          -- for queries.
+** Also create a reference to strlib, so that the library string will
+** only be collected when registry.CLIBS is collected.
+*/
+static void addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, path);  /* CLIBS[path] = plib */
+  createlibstr(L, plib);
+  luaL_ref(L, -2);  /* keep library string in CLIBS */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop CLIBS table */
+}
+
 
 /* error codes for 'lookforfunc' */
 #define ERRLIB		1
@@ -375,8 +378,8 @@ static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
 ** Then, if 'sym' is '*', return true (as library has been loaded).
 ** Otherwise, look for symbol 'sym' in the library and push a
 ** C function with that symbol.
-** Return 0 and 'true' or a function in the stack; in case of
+** Return 0 with 'true' or a function in the stack; in case of
-** errors, return an error code and an error message in the stack.
+** errors, return an error code with an error message in the stack.
 */
 static int lookforfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
   void *reg = checkclib(L, path);  /* check loaded C libraries */
@@ -538,7 +541,7 @@ static int searcher_Lua (lua_State *L) {
   const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
   filename = findfile(L, name, "path", LUA_LSUBSEP);
   if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* module not found in this path */
-  return checkload(L, (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) == LUA_OK), filename);
+  return checkload(L, (luaL_loadfilex(L, filename, "bt") == LUA_OK), filename);
 }
 
 
@@ -557,7 +560,7 @@ static int loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *modname) {
   mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
   if (mark) {
     int stat;
-    openfunc = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, mark - modname);
+    openfunc = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, ct_diff2sz(mark - modname));
     openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", openfunc);
     stat = lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
     if (stat != ERRFUNC) return stat;
@@ -582,7 +585,7 @@ static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {
   const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
   int stat;
   if (p == NULL) return 0;  /* is root */
-  lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, name, ct_diff2sz(p - name));
   filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
   if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* root not found */
   if ((stat = loadfunc(L, filename, name)) != 0) {
@@ -620,12 +623,12 @@ static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
                  != LUA_TTABLE))
     luaL_error(L, "'package.searchers' must be a table");
   luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
+  luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* error-message prefix for first message */
   /*  iterate over available searchers to find a loader */
   for (i = 1; ; i++) {
-    luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* error-message prefix */
     if (l_unlikely(lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i) == LUA_TNIL)) {  /* no more searchers? */
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove nil */
-      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove prefix */
+      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove last prefix */
       luaL_pushresult(&msg);  /* create error message */
       luaL_error(L, "module '%s' not found:%s", name, lua_tostring(L, -1));
     }
@@ -636,11 +639,10 @@ static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
     else if (lua_isstring(L, -2)) {  /* searcher returned error message? */
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove extra return */
       luaL_addvalue(&msg);  /* concatenate error message */
+      luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* prefix for next message */
     }
-    else {  /* no error message */
+    else  /* no error message */
       lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both returns */
-      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove prefix */
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -719,21 +721,9 @@ static void createsearcherstable (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-/*
-** create table CLIBS to keep track of loaded C libraries,
-** setting a finalizer to close all libraries when closing state.
-*/
-static void createclibstable (lua_State *L) {
-  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);  /* create CLIBS table */
-  lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);  /* create metatable for CLIBS */
-  lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");  /* set finalizer for CLIBS table */
-  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-}
-
-
 LUAMOD_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {
-  createclibstable(L);
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);  /* create CLIBS table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* will not use it now */
   luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);  /* create 'package' table */
   createsearcherstable(L);
   /* set paths */

lib/lua/lobject.c

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "lprefix.h"
 
 
+#include <float.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
@@ -30,10 +31,11 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Computes ceil(log2(x))
+** Computes ceil(log2(x)), which is the smallest integer n such that
+** x <= (1 << n).
 */
-int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
+lu_byte luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
-  static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {  /* log_2[i] = ceil(log2(i - 1)) */
+  static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {  /* log_2[i - 1] = ceil(log2(i)) */
     0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
     6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
     7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
@@ -46,7 +48,67 @@ int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
   int l = 0;
   x--;
   while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
-  return l + log_2[x];
+  return cast_byte(l + log_2[x]);
+}
+
+/*
+** Encodes 'p'% as a floating-point byte, represented as (eeeexxxx).
+** The exponent is represented using excess-7. Mimicking IEEE 754, the
+** representation normalizes the number when possible, assuming an extra
+** 1 before the mantissa (xxxx) and adding one to the exponent (eeee)
+** to signal that. So, the real value is (1xxxx) * 2^(eeee - 7 - 1) if
+** eeee != 0, and (xxxx) * 2^-7 otherwise (subnormal numbers).
+*/
+lu_byte luaO_codeparam (unsigned int p) {
+  if (p >= (cast(lu_mem, 0x1F) << (0xF - 7 - 1)) * 100u)  /* overflow? */
+    return 0xFF;  /* return maximum value */
+  else {
+    p = (cast(l_uint32, p) * 128 + 99) / 100;  /* round up the division */
+    if (p < 0x10) {  /* subnormal number? */
+      /* exponent bits are already zero; nothing else to do */
+      return cast_byte(p);
+    }
+    else {  /* p >= 0x10 implies ceil(log2(p + 1)) >= 5 */
+      /* preserve 5 bits in 'p' */
+      unsigned log = luaO_ceillog2(p + 1) - 5u;
+      return cast_byte(((p >> log) - 0x10) | ((log + 1) << 4));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Computes 'p' times 'x', where 'p' is a floating-point byte. Roughly,
+** we have to multiply 'x' by the mantissa and then shift accordingly to
+** the exponent.  If the exponent is positive, both the multiplication
+** and the shift increase 'x', so we have to care only about overflows.
+** For negative exponents, however, multiplying before the shift keeps
+** more significant bits, as long as the multiplication does not
+** overflow, so we check which order is best.
+*/
+l_mem luaO_applyparam (lu_byte p, l_mem x) {
+  int m = p & 0xF;  /* mantissa */
+  int e = (p >> 4);  /* exponent */
+  if (e > 0) {  /* normalized? */
+    e--;  /* correct exponent */
+    m += 0x10;  /* correct mantissa; maximum value is 0x1F */
+  }
+  e -= 7;  /* correct excess-7 */
+  if (e >= 0) {
+    if (x < (MAX_LMEM / 0x1F) >> e)  /* no overflow? */
+      return (x * m) << e;  /* order doesn't matter here */
+    else  /* real overflow */
+      return MAX_LMEM;
+  }
+  else {  /* negative exponent */
+    e = -e;
+    if (x < MAX_LMEM / 0x1F)  /* multiplication cannot overflow? */
+      return (x * m) >> e;  /* multiplying first gives more precision */
+    else if ((x >> e) <  MAX_LMEM / 0x1F)  /* cannot overflow after shift? */
+      return (x >> e) * m;
+    else  /* real overflow */
+      return MAX_LMEM;
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -132,9 +194,10 @@ void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
 }
 
 
-int luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
+lu_byte luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
-  if (lisdigit(c)) return c - '0';
+  lua_assert(lisxdigit(c));
-  else return (ltolower(c) - 'a') + 10;
+  if (lisdigit(c)) return cast_byte(c - '0');
+  else return cast_byte((ltolower(c) - 'a') + 10);
 }
 
 
@@ -185,7 +248,7 @@ static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
         nosigdig++;
       else if (++sigdig <= MAXSIGDIG)  /* can read it without overflow? */
           r = (r * l_mathop(16.0)) + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
-      else e++; /* too many digits; ignore, but still count for exponent */
+      else e++;  /* too many digits; ignore, but still count for exponent */
       if (hasdot) e--;  /* decimal digit? correct exponent */
     }
     else break;  /* neither a dot nor a digit */
@@ -292,7 +355,7 @@ static const char *l_str2int (const char *s, lua_Integer *result) {
       int d = *s - '0';
       if (a >= MAXBY10 && (a > MAXBY10 || d > MAXLASTD + neg))  /* overflow? */
         return NULL;  /* do not accept it (as integer) */
-      a = a * 10 + d;
+      a = a * 10 + cast_uint(d);
       empty = 0;
     }
   }
@@ -316,14 +379,14 @@ size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o) {
   }
   else
     return 0;  /* conversion failed */
-  return (e - s) + 1;  /* success; return string size */
+  return ct_diff2sz(e - s) + 1;  /* success; return string size */
 }
 
 
-int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x) {
+int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, l_uint32 x) {
   int n = 1;  /* number of bytes put in buffer (backwards) */
   lua_assert(x <= 0x7FFFFFFFu);
-  if (x < 0x80)  /* ascii? */
+  if (x < 0x80)  /* ASCII? */
     buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - 1] = cast_char(x);
   else {  /* need continuation bytes */
     unsigned int mfb = 0x3f;  /* maximum that fits in first byte */
@@ -339,32 +402,59 @@ int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x) {
 
 
 /*
-** Maximum length of the conversion of a number to a string. Must be
+** The size of the buffer for the conversion of a number to a string
-** enough to accommodate both LUA_INTEGER_FMT and LUA_NUMBER_FMT.
+** 'LUA_N2SBUFFSZ' must be enough to accommodate both LUA_INTEGER_FMT
-** (For a long long int, this is 19 digits plus a sign and a final '\0',
+** and LUA_NUMBER_FMT.  For a long long int, this is 19 digits plus a
-** adding to 21. For a long double, it can go to a sign, 33 digits,
+** sign and a final '\0', adding to 21. For a long double, it can go to
-** the dot, an exponent letter, an exponent sign, 5 exponent digits,
+** a sign, the dot, an exponent letter, an exponent sign, 4 exponent
-** and a final '\0', adding to 43.)
+** digits, the final '\0', plus the significant digits, which are
+** approximately the *_DIG attribute.
 */
-#define MAXNUMBER2STR	44
+#if LUA_N2SBUFFSZ < (20 + l_floatatt(DIG))
+#error "invalid value for LUA_N2SBUFFSZ"
+#endif
 
 
 /*
-** Convert a number object to a string, adding it to a buffer
+** Convert a float to a string, adding it to a buffer. First try with
+** a not too large number of digits, to avoid noise (for instance,
+** 1.1 going to "1.1000000000000001"). If that lose precision, so
+** that reading the result back gives a different number, then do the
+** conversion again with extra precision. Moreover, if the numeral looks
+** like an integer (without a decimal point or an exponent), add ".0" to
+** its end.
 */
-static int tostringbuff (TValue *obj, char *buff) {
+static int tostringbuffFloat (lua_Number n, char *buff) {
+  /* first conversion */
+  int len = l_sprintf(buff, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, LUA_NUMBER_FMT,
+                            (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
+  lua_Number check = lua_str2number(buff, NULL);  /* read it back */
+  if (check != n) {  /* not enough precision? */
+    /* convert again with more precision */
+    len = l_sprintf(buff, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, LUA_NUMBER_FMT_N,
+                          (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
+  }
+  /* looks like an integer? */
+  if (buff[strspn(buff, "-0123456789")] == '\0') {
+    buff[len++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+    buff[len++] = '0';  /* adds '.0' to result */
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a string, adding it to a buffer.
+*/
+unsigned luaO_tostringbuff (const TValue *obj, char *buff) {
   int len;
   lua_assert(ttisnumber(obj));
   if (ttisinteger(obj))
-    len = lua_integer2str(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR, ivalue(obj));
+    len = lua_integer2str(buff, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, ivalue(obj));
-  else {
+  else
-    len = lua_number2str(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR, fltvalue(obj));
+    len = tostringbuffFloat(fltvalue(obj), buff);
-    if (buff[strspn(buff, "-0123456789")] == '\0') {  /* looks like an int? */
+  lua_assert(len < LUA_N2SBUFFSZ);
-      buff[len++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+  return cast_uint(len);
-      buff[len++] = '0';  /* adds '.0' to result */
-    }
-  }
-  return len;
 }
 
 
@@ -372,8 +462,8 @@ static int tostringbuff (TValue *obj, char *buff) {
 ** Convert a number object to a Lua string, replacing the value at 'obj'
 */
 void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj) {
-  char buff[MAXNUMBER2STR];
+  char buff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
-  int len = tostringbuff(obj, buff);
+  unsigned len = luaO_tostringbuff(obj, buff);
   setsvalue(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, buff, len));
 }
 
@@ -388,78 +478,104 @@ void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj) {
 
 /*
 ** Size for buffer space used by 'luaO_pushvfstring'. It should be
-** (LUA_IDSIZE + MAXNUMBER2STR) + a minimal space for basic messages,
+** (LUA_IDSIZE + LUA_N2SBUFFSZ) + a minimal space for basic messages,
-** so that 'luaG_addinfo' can work directly on the buffer.
+** so that 'luaG_addinfo' can work directly on the static buffer.
 */
-#define BUFVFS		(LUA_IDSIZE + MAXNUMBER2STR + 95)
+#define BUFVFS		cast_uint(LUA_IDSIZE + LUA_N2SBUFFSZ + 95)
 
-/* buffer used by 'luaO_pushvfstring' */
+/*
+** Buffer used by 'luaO_pushvfstring'. 'err' signals an error while
+** building result (memory error [1] or buffer overflow [2]).
+*/
 typedef struct BuffFS {
   lua_State *L;
-  int pushed;  /* true if there is a part of the result on the stack */
+  char *b;
-  int blen;  /* length of partial string in 'space' */
+  size_t buffsize;
-  char space[BUFVFS];  /* holds last part of the result */
+  size_t blen;  /* length of string in 'buff' */
+  int err;
+  char space[BUFVFS];  /* initial buffer */
 } BuffFS;
 
 
+static void initbuff (lua_State *L, BuffFS *buff) {
+  buff->L = L;
+  buff->b = buff->space;
+  buff->buffsize = sizeof(buff->space);
+  buff->blen = 0;
+  buff->err = 0;
+}
+
+
 /*
-** Push given string to the stack, as part of the result, and
+** Push final result from 'luaO_pushvfstring'. This function may raise
-** join it to previous partial result if there is one.
+** errors explicitly or through memory errors, so it must run protected.
-** It may call 'luaV_concat' while using one slot from EXTRA_STACK.
-** This call cannot invoke metamethods, as both operands must be
-** strings. It can, however, raise an error if the result is too
-** long. In that case, 'luaV_concat' frees the extra slot before
-** raising the error.
 */
-static void pushstr (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t lstr) {
+static void pushbuff (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  BuffFS *buff = cast(BuffFS*, ud);
+  switch (buff->err) {
+    case 1:  /* memory error */
+      luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+      break;
+    case 2:  /* length overflow: Add "..." at the end of result */
+      if (buff->buffsize - buff->blen < 3)
+        strcpy(buff->b + buff->blen - 3, "...");  /* 'blen' must be > 3 */
+      else {  /* there is enough space left for the "..." */
+        strcpy(buff->b + buff->blen, "...");
+        buff->blen += 3;
+      }
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    default: {  /* no errors, but it can raise one creating the new string */
+      TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff->b, buff->blen);
+      setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);
+      L->top.p++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *clearbuff (BuffFS *buff) {
   lua_State *L = buff->L;
-  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, luaS_newlstr(L, str, lstr));
+  const char *res;
-  L->top.p++;  /* may use one slot from EXTRA_STACK */
+  if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, pushbuff, buff) != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
-  if (!buff->pushed)  /* no previous string on the stack? */
+    res = NULL;  /* error message is on the top of the stack */
-    buff->pushed = 1;  /* now there is one */
+  else
-  else  /* join previous string with new one */
+    res = getstr(tsvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1)));
-    luaV_concat(L, 2);
+  if (buff->b != buff->space)  /* using dynamic buffer? */
+    luaM_freearray(L, buff->b, buff->buffsize);  /* free it */
+  return res;
 }
 
 
-/*
-** empty the buffer space into the stack
-*/
-static void clearbuff (BuffFS *buff) {
-  pushstr(buff, buff->space, buff->blen);  /* push buffer contents */
-  buff->blen = 0;  /* space now is empty */
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Get a space of size 'sz' in the buffer. If buffer has not enough
-** space, empty it. 'sz' must fit in an empty buffer.
-*/
-static char *getbuff (BuffFS *buff, int sz) {
-  lua_assert(buff->blen <= BUFVFS); lua_assert(sz <= BUFVFS);
-  if (sz > BUFVFS - buff->blen)  /* not enough space? */
-    clearbuff(buff);
-  return buff->space + buff->blen;
-}
-
-
-#define addsize(b,sz)	((b)->blen += (sz))
-
-
-/*
-** Add 'str' to the buffer. If string is larger than the buffer space,
-** push the string directly to the stack.
-*/
 static void addstr2buff (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t slen) {
-  if (slen <= BUFVFS) {  /* does string fit into buffer? */
+  size_t left = buff->buffsize - buff->blen;  /* space left in the buffer */
-    char *bf = getbuff(buff, cast_int(slen));
+  if (buff->err)  /* do nothing else after an error */
-    memcpy(bf, str, slen);  /* add string to buffer */
+    return;
-    addsize(buff, cast_int(slen));
+  if (slen > left) {  /* new string doesn't fit into current buffer? */
-  }
+    if (slen > ((MAX_SIZE/2) - buff->blen)) {  /* overflow? */
-  else {  /* string larger than buffer */
+      memcpy(buff->b + buff->blen, str, left);  /* copy what it can */
-    clearbuff(buff);  /* string comes after buffer's content */
+      buff->blen = buff->buffsize;
-    pushstr(buff, str, slen);  /* push string */
+      buff->err = 2;  /* doesn't add anything else */
+      return;
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t newsize = buff->buffsize + slen;  /* limited to MAX_SIZE/2 */
+      char *newb =
+        (buff->b == buff->space)  /* still using static space? */
+        ? luaM_reallocvector(buff->L, NULL, 0, newsize, char)
+        : luaM_reallocvector(buff->L, buff->b, buff->buffsize, newsize,
+                                                               char);
+      if (newb == NULL) {  /* allocation error? */
+        buff->err = 1;  /* signal a memory error */
+        return;
+      }
+      if (buff->b == buff->space)  /* new buffer (not reallocated)? */
+        memcpy(newb, buff->b, buff->blen);  /* copy previous content */
+      buff->b = newb;  /* set new (larger) buffer... */
+      buff->buffsize = newsize;  /* ...and its new size */
+    }
   }
+  memcpy(buff->b + buff->blen, str, slen);  /* copy new content */
+  buff->blen += slen;
 }
 
 
@@ -467,9 +583,9 @@ static void addstr2buff (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t slen) {
 ** Add a numeral to the buffer.
 */
 static void addnum2buff (BuffFS *buff, TValue *num) {
-  char *numbuff = getbuff(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR);
+  char numbuff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
-  int len = tostringbuff(num, numbuff);  /* format number into 'numbuff' */
+  unsigned len = luaO_tostringbuff(num, numbuff);
-  addsize(buff, len);
+  addstr2buff(buff, numbuff, len);
 }
 
 
@@ -480,10 +596,9 @@ static void addnum2buff (BuffFS *buff, TValue *num) {
 const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
   BuffFS buff;  /* holds last part of the result */
   const char *e;  /* points to next '%' */
-  buff.pushed = buff.blen = 0;
+  initbuff(L, &buff);
-  buff.L = L;
   while ((e = strchr(fmt, '%')) != NULL) {
-    addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, e - fmt);  /* add 'fmt' up to '%' */
+    addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, ct_diff2sz(e - fmt));  /* add 'fmt' up to '%' */
     switch (*(e + 1)) {  /* conversion specifier */
       case 's': {  /* zero-terminated string */
         const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
@@ -492,7 +607,7 @@ const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
         break;
       }
       case 'c': {  /* an 'int' as a character */
-        char c = cast_uchar(va_arg(argp, int));
+        char c = cast_char(va_arg(argp, int));
         addstr2buff(&buff, &c, sizeof(char));
         break;
       }
@@ -504,7 +619,7 @@ const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
       }
       case 'I': {  /* a 'lua_Integer' */
         TValue num;
-        setivalue(&num, cast(lua_Integer, va_arg(argp, l_uacInt)));
+        setivalue(&num, cast_Integer(va_arg(argp, l_uacInt)));
         addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
         break;
       }
@@ -515,17 +630,17 @@ const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
         break;
       }
       case 'p': {  /* a pointer */
-        const int sz = 3 * sizeof(void*) + 8; /* enough space for '%p' */
+        char bf[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];  /* enough space for '%p' */
-        char *bf = getbuff(&buff, sz);
         void *p = va_arg(argp, void *);
-        int len = lua_pointer2str(bf, sz, p);
+        int len = lua_pointer2str(bf, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, p);
-        addsize(&buff, len);
+        addstr2buff(&buff, bf, cast_uint(len));
         break;
       }
-      case 'U': {  /* a 'long' as a UTF-8 sequence */
+      case 'U': {  /* an 'unsigned long' as a UTF-8 sequence */
         char bf[UTF8BUFFSZ];
-        int len = luaO_utf8esc(bf, va_arg(argp, long));
+        unsigned long arg = va_arg(argp, unsigned long);
-        addstr2buff(&buff, bf + UTF8BUFFSZ - len, len);
+        int len = luaO_utf8esc(bf, cast(l_uint32, arg));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, bf + UTF8BUFFSZ - len, cast_uint(len));
         break;
       }
       case '%': {
@@ -533,16 +648,14 @@ const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
         break;
       }
       default: {
-        luaG_runerror(L, "invalid option '%%%c' to 'lua_pushfstring'",
+        addstr2buff(&buff, e, 2);  /* keep unknown format in the result */
-                         *(e + 1));
+        break;
       }
     }
     fmt = e + 2;  /* skip '%' and the specifier */
   }
   addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, strlen(fmt));  /* rest of 'fmt' */
-  clearbuff(&buff);  /* empty buffer into the stack */
+  return clearbuff(&buff);  /* empty buffer into a new string */
-  lua_assert(buff.pushed == 1);
-  return getstr(tsvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1)));
 }
 
 
@@ -552,6 +665,8 @@ const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
   va_start(argp, fmt);
   msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
   va_end(argp);
+  if (msg == NULL)  /* error? */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
   return msg;
 }
 
@@ -591,7 +706,8 @@ void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t srclen) {
       addstr(out, source, srclen);  /* keep it */
     }
     else {
-      if (nl != NULL) srclen = nl - source;  /* stop at first newline */
+      if (nl != NULL)
+        srclen = ct_diff2sz(nl - source);  /* stop at first newline */
       if (srclen > bufflen) srclen = bufflen;
       addstr(out, source, srclen);
       addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));

lib/lua/lobject.h

@@ -188,16 +188,28 @@ typedef union {
 /* Value returned for a key not found in a table (absent key) */
 #define LUA_VABSTKEY	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 2)
 
+/* Special variant to signal that a fast get is accessing a non-table */
+#define LUA_VNOTABLE    makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 3)
+
 
 /* macro to test for (any kind of) nil */
 #define ttisnil(v)		checktype((v), LUA_TNIL)
 
+/*
+** Macro to test the result of a table access. Formally, it should
+** distinguish between LUA_VEMPTY/LUA_VABSTKEY/LUA_VNOTABLE and
+** other tags. As currently nil is equivalent to LUA_VEMPTY, it is
+** simpler to just test whether the value is nil.
+*/
+#define tagisempty(tag)		(novariant(tag) == LUA_TNIL)
+
 
 /* macro to test for a standard nil */
 #define ttisstrictnil(o)	checktag((o), LUA_VNIL)
 
 
-#define setnilvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_VNIL)
+#define setnilvalue(obj)	settt_(obj, LUA_VNIL)
+#define setnilvalue2s(stk)	setnilvalue(s2v(stk))
 
 
 #define isabstkey(v)		checktag((v), LUA_VABSTKEY)
@@ -245,6 +257,8 @@ typedef union {
 
 
 #define l_isfalse(o)	(ttisfalse(o) || ttisnil(o))
+#define tagisfalse(t)	((t) == LUA_VFALSE || novariant(t) == LUA_TNIL)
+
 
 
 #define setbfvalue(obj)		settt_(obj, LUA_VFALSE)
@@ -380,35 +394,54 @@ typedef struct GCObject {
 #define setsvalue2n	setsvalue
 
 
+/* Kinds of long strings (stored in 'shrlen') */
+#define LSTRREG		-1  /* regular long string */
+#define LSTRFIX		-2  /* fixed external long string */
+#define LSTRMEM		-3  /* external long string with deallocation */
+
+
 /*
 ** Header for a string value.
 */
 typedef struct TString {
   CommonHeader;
   lu_byte extra;  /* reserved words for short strings; "has hash" for longs */
-  lu_byte shrlen;  /* length for short strings, 0xFF for long strings */
+  ls_byte shrlen;  /* length for short strings, negative for long strings */
   unsigned int hash;
   union {
     size_t lnglen;  /* length for long strings */
     struct TString *hnext;  /* linked list for hash table */
   } u;
-  char contents[1];
+  char *contents;  /* pointer to content in long strings */
+  lua_Alloc falloc;  /* deallocation function for external strings */
+  void *ud;  /* user data for external strings */
 } TString;
 
 
+#define strisshr(ts)	((ts)->shrlen >= 0)
+#define isextstr(ts)	(ttislngstring(ts) && tsvalue(ts)->shrlen != LSTRREG)
+
 
 /*
 ** Get the actual string (array of bytes) from a 'TString'. (Generic
 ** version and specialized versions for long and short strings.)
 */
-#define getstr(ts)	((ts)->contents)
+#define rawgetshrstr(ts)  (cast_charp(&(ts)->contents))
-#define getlngstr(ts)	check_exp((ts)->shrlen == 0xFF, (ts)->contents)
+#define getshrstr(ts)	check_exp(strisshr(ts), rawgetshrstr(ts))
-#define getshrstr(ts)	check_exp((ts)->shrlen != 0xFF, (ts)->contents)
+#define getlngstr(ts)	check_exp(!strisshr(ts), (ts)->contents)
+#define getstr(ts) 	(strisshr(ts) ? rawgetshrstr(ts) : (ts)->contents)
 
 
-/* get string length from 'TString *s' */
+/* get string length from 'TString *ts' */
-#define tsslen(s)  \
+#define tsslen(ts)  \
-	((s)->shrlen != 0xFF ? (s)->shrlen : (s)->u.lnglen)
+	(strisshr(ts) ? cast_sizet((ts)->shrlen) : (ts)->u.lnglen)
+
+/*
+** Get string and length */
+#define getlstr(ts, len)  \
+	(strisshr(ts) \
+	? (cast_void((len) = cast_sizet((ts)->shrlen)), rawgetshrstr(ts)) \
+	: (cast_void((len) = (ts)->u.lnglen), (ts)->contents))
 
 /* }================================================================== */
 
@@ -486,8 +519,8 @@ typedef struct Udata0 {
 
 /* compute the offset of the memory area of a userdata */
 #define udatamemoffset(nuv) \
-	((nuv) == 0 ? offsetof(Udata0, bindata)  \
+       ((nuv) == 0 ? offsetof(Udata0, bindata)  \
-                    : offsetof(Udata, uv) + (sizeof(UValue) * (nuv)))
+		   : offsetof(Udata, uv) + (sizeof(UValue) * (nuv)))
 
 /* get the address of the memory block inside 'Udata' */
 #define getudatamem(u)	(cast_charp(u) + udatamemoffset((u)->nuvalue))
@@ -507,6 +540,9 @@ typedef struct Udata0 {
 #define LUA_VPROTO	makevariant(LUA_TPROTO, 0)
 
 
+typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
+
+
 /*
 ** Description of an upvalue for function prototypes
 */
@@ -544,13 +580,30 @@ typedef struct AbsLineInfo {
   int line;
 } AbsLineInfo;
 
+
+/*
+** Flags in Prototypes
+*/
+#define PF_VAHID	1  /* function has hidden vararg arguments */
+#define PF_VATAB	2  /* function has vararg table */
+#define PF_FIXED	4  /* prototype has parts in fixed memory */
+
+/* a vararg function either has hidden args. or a vararg table */
+#define isvararg(p)	((p)->flag & (PF_VAHID | PF_VATAB))
+
+/*
+** mark that a function needs a vararg table. (The flag PF_VAHID will
+** be cleared later.)
+*/
+#define needvatab(p)	((p)->flag |= PF_VATAB)
+
 /*
 ** Function Prototypes
 */
 typedef struct Proto {
   CommonHeader;
   lu_byte numparams;  /* number of fixed (named) parameters */
-  lu_byte is_vararg;
+  lu_byte flag;
   lu_byte maxstacksize;  /* number of registers needed by this function */
   int sizeupvalues;  /* size of 'upvalues' */
   int sizek;  /* size of 'k' */
@@ -708,10 +761,9 @@ typedef union Node {
 
 
 /* copy a value into a key */
-#define setnodekey(L,node,obj) \
+#define setnodekey(node,obj) \
 	{ Node *n_=(node); const TValue *io_=(obj); \
-	  n_->u.key_val = io_->value_; n_->u.key_tt = io_->tt_; \
+	  n_->u.key_val = io_->value_; n_->u.key_tt = io_->tt_; }
-	  checkliveness(L,io_); }
 
 
 /* copy a value from a key */
@@ -721,27 +773,14 @@ typedef union Node {
 	  checkliveness(L,io_); }
 
 
-/*
-** About 'alimit': if 'isrealasize(t)' is true, then 'alimit' is the
-** real size of 'array'. Otherwise, the real size of 'array' is the
-** smallest power of two not smaller than 'alimit' (or zero iff 'alimit'
-** is zero); 'alimit' is then used as a hint for #t.
-*/
-
-#define BITRAS		(1 << 7)
-#define isrealasize(t)		(!((t)->flags & BITRAS))
-#define setrealasize(t)		((t)->flags &= cast_byte(~BITRAS))
-#define setnorealasize(t)	((t)->flags |= BITRAS)
-
 
 typedef struct Table {
   CommonHeader;
   lu_byte flags;  /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
-  lu_byte lsizenode;  /* log2 of size of 'node' array */
+  lu_byte lsizenode;  /* log2 of number of slots of 'node' array */
-  unsigned int alimit;  /* "limit" of 'array' array */
+  unsigned int asize;  /* number of slots in 'array' array */
-  TValue *array;  /* array part */
+  Value *array;  /* array part */
   Node *node;
-  Node *lastfree;  /* any free position is before this position */
   struct Table *metatable;
   GCObject *gclist;
 } Table;
@@ -784,24 +823,37 @@ typedef struct Table {
 ** 'module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
 */
 #define lmod(s,size) \
-	(check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast_int((s) & ((size)-1)))))
+	(check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast_uint(s) & cast_uint((size)-1))))
 
 
-#define twoto(x)	(1<<(x))
+#define twoto(x)	(1u<<(x))
 #define sizenode(t)	(twoto((t)->lsizenode))
 
 
 /* size of buffer for 'luaO_utf8esc' function */
 #define UTF8BUFFSZ	8
 
-LUAI_FUNC int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x);
+
-LUAI_FUNC int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x);
+/* macro to call 'luaO_pushvfstring' correctly */
+#define pushvfstring(L, argp, fmt, msg)	\
+  { va_start(argp, fmt); \
+  msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp); \
+  va_end(argp); \
+  if (msg == NULL) luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);  /* only after 'va_end' */ }
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, l_uint32 x);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaO_codeparam (unsigned int p);
+LUAI_FUNC l_mem luaO_applyparam (lu_byte p, l_mem x);
+
 LUAI_FUNC int luaO_rawarith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1,
                              const TValue *p2, TValue *res);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1,
                            const TValue *p2, StkId res);
 LUAI_FUNC size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaO_hexavalue (int c);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned luaO_tostringbuff (const TValue *obj, char *buff);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaO_hexavalue (int c);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj);
 LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
                                                        va_list argp);

lib/lua/lopcodes.c

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 #include "lopcodes.h"
 
 
+#define opmode(mm,ot,it,t,a,m)  \
+    (((mm) << 7) | ((ot) << 6) | ((it) << 5) | ((t) << 4) | ((a) << 3) | (m))
+
+
 /* ORDER OP */
 
 LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABLE */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETI */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETFIELD */
- ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, ivABC)		/* OP_NEWTABLE */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SELF */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDI */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDK */
@@ -49,8 +53,8 @@ LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BANDK */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BORK */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXORK */
- ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHRI */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHLI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHRI */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADD */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUB */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MUL */
@@ -64,8 +68,8 @@ LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHL */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHR */
  ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBIN */
- ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINI*/
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINI */
- ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINK*/
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINK */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_UNM */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BNOT */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NOT */
@@ -95,10 +99,33 @@ LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABx)		/* OP_TFORPREP */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TFORCALL */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_TFORLOOP */
- ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, ivABC)		/* OP_SETLIST */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_CLOSURE */
  ,opmode(0, 1, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARG */
- ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARGPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETVARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABx)		/* OP_ERRNNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_VARARGPREP */
  ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iAx)		/* OP_EXTRAARG */
 };
 
+
+#define testITMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 5))
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether instruction uses top. That happens for OP_VARARGPREP
+** and for instructions that use multiple values set by the previous
+** instruction.
+*/
+int luaP_isIT (Instruction i) {
+  OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_SETLIST:
+      return GETARG_vB(i) == 0;
+    case OP_VARARGPREP:
+      return 1;
+    default:
+      return testITMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_B(i) == 0;
+  }
+}
+

lib/lua/lopcodes.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #define lopcodes_h
 
 #include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
 
 
 /*===========================================================================
@@ -18,25 +19,30 @@
         3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
         1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
 iABC          C(8)     |      B(8)     |k|     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+ivABC         vC(10)     |     vB(6)   |k|     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
 iABx                Bx(17)               |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
 iAsBx              sBx (signed)(17)      |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
 iAx                           Ax(25)                     |   Op(7)     |
 isJ                           sJ (signed)(25)            |   Op(7)     |
 
-  A signed argument is represented in excess K: the represented value is
+  ('v' stands for "variant", 's' for "signed", 'x' for "extended".)
-  the written unsigned value minus K, where K is half the maximum for the
+  A signed argument is represented in excess K: The represented value is
-  corresponding unsigned argument.
+  the written unsigned value minus K, where K is half (rounded down) the
+  maximum value for the corresponding unsigned argument.
 ===========================================================================*/
 
 
-enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
+/* basic instruction formats */
+enum OpMode {iABC, ivABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};
 
 
 /*
 ** size and position of opcode arguments.
 */
 #define SIZE_C		8
+#define SIZE_vC		10
 #define SIZE_B		8
+#define SIZE_vB		6
 #define SIZE_Bx		(SIZE_C + SIZE_B + 1)
 #define SIZE_A		8
 #define SIZE_Ax		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
@@ -49,7 +55,9 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 #define POS_A		(POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
 #define POS_k		(POS_A + SIZE_A)
 #define POS_B		(POS_k + 1)
+#define POS_vB		(POS_k + 1)
 #define POS_C		(POS_B + SIZE_B)
+#define POS_vC		(POS_vB + SIZE_vB)
 
 #define POS_Bx		POS_k
 
@@ -64,14 +72,17 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 ** so they must fit in ints.
 */
 
-/* Check whether type 'int' has at least 'b' bits ('b' < 32) */
+/*
-#define L_INTHASBITS(b)		((UINT_MAX >> ((b) - 1)) >= 1)
+** Check whether type 'int' has at least 'b' + 1 bits.
+** 'b' < 32; +1 for the sign bit.
+*/
+#define L_INTHASBITS(b)		((UINT_MAX >> (b)) >= 1)
 
 
 #if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Bx)
 #define MAXARG_Bx	((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
 #else
-#define MAXARG_Bx	MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_Bx	INT_MAX
 #endif
 
 #define OFFSET_sBx	(MAXARG_Bx>>1)         /* 'sBx' is signed */
@@ -80,13 +91,13 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 #if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Ax)
 #define MAXARG_Ax	((1<<SIZE_Ax)-1)
 #else
-#define MAXARG_Ax	MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_Ax	INT_MAX
 #endif
 
 #if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_sJ)
 #define MAXARG_sJ	((1 << SIZE_sJ) - 1)
 #else
-#define MAXARG_sJ	MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_sJ	INT_MAX
 #endif
 
 #define OFFSET_sJ	(MAXARG_sJ >> 1)
@@ -94,7 +105,9 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 
 #define MAXARG_A	((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
 #define MAXARG_B	((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_vB	((1<<SIZE_vB)-1)
 #define MAXARG_C	((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+#define MAXARG_vC	((1<<SIZE_vC)-1)
 #define OFFSET_sC	(MAXARG_C >> 1)
 
 #define int2sC(i)	((i) + OFFSET_sC)
@@ -113,28 +126,36 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 
 #define GET_OPCODE(i)	(cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
 #define SET_OPCODE(i,o)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
-		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+		((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
 
 #define checkopm(i,m)	(getOpMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == m)
 
 
 #define getarg(i,pos,size)	(cast_int(((i)>>(pos)) & MASK1(size,0)))
 #define setarg(i,v,pos,size)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(size,pos)) | \
-                ((cast(Instruction, v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
+                ((cast_Inst(v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
 
 #define GETARG_A(i)	getarg(i, POS_A, SIZE_A)
 #define SETARG_A(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_A, SIZE_A)
 
-#define GETARG_B(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B))
+#define GETARG_B(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B))
+#define GETARG_vB(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, ivABC), getarg(i, POS_vB, SIZE_vB))
 #define GETARG_sB(i)	sC2int(GETARG_B(i))
 #define SETARG_B(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+#define SETARG_vB(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_vB, SIZE_vB)
 
-#define GETARG_C(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C))
+#define GETARG_C(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C))
+#define GETARG_vC(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, ivABC), getarg(i, POS_vC, SIZE_vC))
 #define GETARG_sC(i)	sC2int(GETARG_C(i))
 #define SETARG_C(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+#define SETARG_vC(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_vC, SIZE_vC)
 
-#define TESTARG_k(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), (cast_int(((i) & (1u << POS_k)))))
+#define TESTARG_k(i)	(cast_int(((i) & (1u << POS_k))))
-#define GETARG_k(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_k, 1))
+#define GETARG_k(i)	getarg(i, POS_k, 1)
 #define SETARG_k(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_k, 1)
 
 #define GETARG_Bx(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx))
@@ -153,22 +174,28 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 	setarg(i, cast_uint((j)+OFFSET_sJ), POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ)
 
 
-#define CREATE_ABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+#define CREATE_ABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_A) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+			| (cast_Inst(b)<<POS_B) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C) \
+			| (cast_Inst(c)<<POS_C) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, k)<<POS_k))
+			| (cast_Inst(k)<<POS_k))
 
-#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+#define CREATE_vABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_A) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+			| (cast_Inst(b)<<POS_vB) \
+			| (cast_Inst(c)<<POS_vC) \
+			| (cast_Inst(k)<<POS_k))
 
-#define CREATE_Ax(o,a)		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc)	((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_Ax))
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast_Inst(bc)<<POS_Bx))
 
-#define CREATE_sJ(o,j,k)	((cast(Instruction, o) << POS_OP) \
+#define CREATE_Ax(o,a)		((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, j) << POS_sJ) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_Ax))
-			| (cast(Instruction, k) << POS_k))
+
+#define CREATE_sJ(o,j,k)	((cast_Inst(o) << POS_OP) \
+			| (cast_Inst(j) << POS_sJ) \
+			| (cast_Inst(k) << POS_k))
 
 
 #if !defined(MAXINDEXRK)  /* (for debugging only) */
@@ -177,9 +204,16 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 
 
 /*
-** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+** Maximum size for the stack of a Lua function. It must fit in 8 bits.
+** The highest valid register is one less than this value.
 */
-#define NO_REG		MAXARG_A
+#define MAX_FSTACK	MAXARG_A
+
+/*
+** Invalid register (one more than last valid register).
+*/
+#define NO_REG		MAX_FSTACK
+
 
 
 /*
@@ -190,8 +224,8 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
 
 
 /*
-** Grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums. Opcodes marked with a (*)
+** Grep "ORDER OP" if you change this enum.
-** has extra descriptions in the notes after the enumeration.
+** See "Notes" below for more information about some instructions.
 */
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -204,7 +238,7 @@ OP_LOADF,/*	A sBx	R[A] := (lua_Number)sBx				*/
 OP_LOADK,/*	A Bx	R[A] := K[Bx]					*/
 OP_LOADKX,/*	A	R[A] := K[extra arg]				*/
 OP_LOADFALSE,/*	A	R[A] := false					*/
-OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++	(*)			*/
+OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++				*/
 OP_LOADTRUE,/*	A	R[A] := true					*/
 OP_LOADNIL,/*	A B	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+B] := nil		*/
 OP_GETUPVAL,/*	A B	R[A] := UpValue[B]				*/
@@ -220,9 +254,9 @@ OP_SETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A][R[B]] := RK(C)				*/
 OP_SETI,/*	A B C	R[A][B] := RK(C)				*/
 OP_SETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A][K[B]:shortstring] := RK(C)			*/
 
-OP_NEWTABLE,/*	A B C k	R[A] := {}					*/
+OP_NEWTABLE,/*	A vB vC k	R[A] := {}				*/
 
-OP_SELF,/*	A B C	R[A+1] := R[B]; R[A] := R[B][RK(C):string]	*/
+OP_SELF,/*	A B C	R[A+1] := R[B]; R[A] := R[B][K[C]:shortstring]	*/
 
 OP_ADDI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] + sC				*/
 
@@ -238,8 +272,8 @@ OP_BANDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & K[C]:integer			*/
 OP_BORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | K[C]:integer			*/
 OP_BXORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ K[C]:integer			*/
 
-OP_SHRI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] >> sC				*/
 OP_SHLI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := sC << R[B]				*/
+OP_SHRI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] >> sC				*/
 
 OP_ADD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + R[C]				*/
 OP_SUB,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - R[C]				*/
@@ -255,7 +289,7 @@ OP_BXOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ R[C]				*/
 OP_SHL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] << R[C]				*/
 OP_SHR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] >> R[C]				*/
 
-OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]	(*)	*/
+OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]		*/
 OP_MMBINI,/*	A sB C k	call C metamethod over R[A] and sB	*/
 OP_MMBINK,/*	A B C k		call C metamethod over R[A] and K[B]	*/
 
@@ -281,12 +315,12 @@ OP_GTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] > sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
 OP_GEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] >= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
 
 OP_TEST,/*	A k	if (not R[A] == k) then pc++			*/
-OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B] (*) */
+OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B]  */
 
 OP_CALL,/*	A B C	R[A], ... ,R[A+C-2] := R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1]) */
 OP_TAILCALL,/*	A B C k	return R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1])		*/
 
-OP_RETURN,/*	A B C k	return R[A], ... ,R[A+B-2]	(see note)	*/
+OP_RETURN,/*	A B C k	return R[A], ... ,R[A+B-2]			*/
 OP_RETURN0,/*		return						*/
 OP_RETURN1,/*	A	return R[A]					*/
 
@@ -298,13 +332,17 @@ OP_TFORPREP,/*	A Bx	create upvalue for R[A + 3]; pc+=Bx		*/
 OP_TFORCALL,/*	A C	R[A+4], ... ,R[A+3+C] := R[A](R[A+1], R[A+2]);	*/
 OP_TFORLOOP,/*	A Bx	if R[A+2] ~= nil then { R[A]=R[A+2]; pc -= Bx }	*/
 
-OP_SETLIST,/*	A B C k	R[A][C+i] := R[A+i], 1 <= i <= B		*/
+OP_SETLIST,/*	A vB vC k	R[A][vC+i] := R[A+i], 1 <= i <= vB	*/
 
 OP_CLOSURE,/*	A Bx	R[A] := closure(KPROTO[Bx])			*/
 
-OP_VARARG,/*	A C	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+C-2] = vararg		*/
+OP_VARARG,/*	A B C k	R[A], ..., R[A+C-2] = varargs  			*/
 
-OP_VARARGPREP,/*A	(adjust vararg parameters)			*/
+OP_GETVARG, /* A B C	R[A] := R[B][R[C]], R[B] is vararg parameter    */
+
+OP_ERRNNIL,/*	A Bx	raise error if R[A] ~= nil (K[Bx - 1] is global name)*/
+
+OP_VARARGPREP,/* 	(adjust varargs)				*/
 
 OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
 } OpCode;
@@ -333,7 +371,8 @@ OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
   OP_RETURN*, OP_SETLIST) may use 'top'.
 
   (*) In OP_VARARG, if (C == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
-  set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+  set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0). 'k' means function has a
+  vararg table, which is in R[B].
 
   (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to 'top'.
 
@@ -344,22 +383,27 @@ OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
   real C = EXTRAARG _ C (the bits of EXTRAARG concatenated with the
   bits of C).
 
-  (*) In OP_NEWTABLE, B is log2 of the hash size (which is always a
+  (*) In OP_NEWTABLE, vB is log2 of the hash size (which is always a
   power of 2) plus 1, or zero for size zero. If not k, the array size
-  is C. Otherwise, the array size is EXTRAARG _ C.
+  is vC. Otherwise, the array size is EXTRAARG _ vC.
+
+  (*) In OP_ERRNNIL, (Bx == 0) means index of global name doesn't
+  fit in Bx. (So, that name is not available for the error message.)
 
   (*) For comparisons, k specifies what condition the test should accept
   (true or false).
 
   (*) In OP_MMBINI/OP_MMBINK, k means the arguments were flipped
-   (the constant is the first operand).
+  (the constant is the first operand).
 
-  (*) All 'skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump.
+  (*) All comparison and test instructions assume that the instruction
+  being skipped (pc++) is a jump.
 
   (*) In instructions OP_RETURN/OP_TAILCALL, 'k' specifies that the
   function builds upvalues, which may need to be closed. C > 0 means
-  the function is vararg, so that its 'func' must be corrected before
+  the function has hidden vararg arguments, so that its 'func' must be
-  returning; in this case, (C - 1) is its number of fixed parameters.
+  corrected before returning; in this case, (C - 1) is its number of
+  fixed parameters.
 
   (*) In comparisons with an immediate operand, C signals whether the
   original operand was a float. (It must be corrected in case of
@@ -373,8 +417,8 @@ OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
 ** bits 0-2: op mode
 ** bit 3: instruction set register A
 ** bit 4: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
-** bit 5: instruction uses 'L->top' set by previous instruction (when B == 0)
+** bit 5: used by 'luaP_isIT'
-** bit 6: instruction sets 'L->top' for next instruction (when C == 0)
+** bit 6: used by 'luaP_isOT'
 ** bit 7: instruction is an MM instruction (call a metamethod)
 */
 
@@ -383,23 +427,18 @@ LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];)
 #define getOpMode(m)	(cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 7))
 #define testAMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 3))
 #define testTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 4))
-#define testITMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 5))
-#define testOTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
 #define testMMMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
 
-/* "out top" (set top for next instruction) */
-#define isOT(i)  \
-	((testOTMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_C(i) == 0) || \
-          GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL)
 
-/* "in top" (uses top from previous instruction) */
+/* Check whether instruction sets top for next instruction, that is,
-#define isIT(i)		(testITMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_B(i) == 0)
+** it results in multiple values. Used only for tests.
-
+*/
-#define opmode(mm,ot,it,t,a,m)  \
+#define luaP_isOT(i)  \
-    (((mm) << 7) | ((ot) << 6) | ((it) << 5) | ((t) << 4) | ((a) << 3) | (m))
+	(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL || \
+	 ((luaP_opmodes[GET_OPCODE(i)] & (1 << 6)) && GETARG_C(i) == 0))
 
 
-/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaP_isIT (Instruction i);
-#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH	50
+
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lopnames.h

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ static const char *const opnames[] = {
   "BANDK",
   "BORK",
   "BXORK",
-  "SHRI",
   "SHLI",
+  "SHRI",
   "ADD",
   "SUB",
   "MUL",
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ static const char *const opnames[] = {
   "SETLIST",
   "CLOSURE",
   "VARARG",
+  "GETVARG",
+  "ERRNNIL",
   "VARARGPREP",
   "EXTRAARG",
   NULL

lib/lua/loslib.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@
 #if defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
 #define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYzZ%" \
     "||" "#c#x#d#H#I#j#m#M#S#U#w#W#y#Y"  /* two-char options */
-#elif defined(LUA_USE_C89)  /* ANSI C 89 (only 1-char options) */
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_C89)  /* C89 (only 1-char options) */
 #define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%"
 #else  /* C99 specification */
 #define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%" \
@@ -272,9 +273,9 @@ static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d, int delta) {
 
 
 static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv,
-                                ptrdiff_t convlen, char *buff) {
+                                size_t convlen, char *buff) {
   const char *option = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;
-  int oplen = 1;  /* length of options being checked */
+  unsigned oplen = 1;  /* length of options being checked */
   for (; *option != '\0' && oplen <= convlen; option += oplen) {
     if (*option == '|')  /* next block? */
       oplen++;  /* will check options with next length (+1) */
@@ -332,7 +333,8 @@ static int os_date (lua_State *L) {
         size_t reslen;
         char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, SIZETIMEFMT);
         s++;  /* skip '%' */
-        s = checkoption(L, s, se - s, cc + 1);  /* copy specifier to 'cc' */
+        /* copy specifier to 'cc' */
+        s = checkoption(L, s, ct_diff2sz(se - s), cc + 1);
         reslen = strftime(buff, SIZETIMEFMT, cc, stm);
         luaL_addsize(&b, reslen);
       }

lib/lua/lparser.h

@@ -32,26 +32,36 @@ typedef enum {
   VKFLT,  /* floating constant; nval = numerical float value */
   VKINT,  /* integer constant; ival = numerical integer value */
   VKSTR,  /* string constant; strval = TString address;
-             (string is fixed by the lexer) */
+             (string is fixed by the scanner) */
   VNONRELOC,  /* expression has its value in a fixed register;
                  info = result register */
   VLOCAL,  /* local variable; var.ridx = register index;
               var.vidx = relative index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VVARGVAR,  /* vararg parameter; var.ridx = register index;
+              var.vidx = relative index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VGLOBAL,  /* global variable;
+               info = relative index in 'actvar.arr' (or -1 for
+                      implicit declaration) */
   VUPVAL,  /* upvalue variable; info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
   VCONST,  /* compile-time <const> variable;
               info = absolute index in 'actvar.arr'  */
   VINDEXED,  /* indexed variable;
                 ind.t = table register;
-                ind.idx = key's R index */
+                ind.idx = key's R index;
+                ind.ro = true if it represents a read-only global;
+                ind.keystr = if key is a string, index in 'k' of that string;
+                             -1 if key is not a string */
+  VVARGIND,  /* indexed vararg parameter;
+                ind.* as in VINDEXED */
   VINDEXUP,  /* indexed upvalue;
-                ind.t = table upvalue;
+                ind.idx = key's K index;
-                ind.idx = key's K index */
+                ind.* as in VINDEXED */
   VINDEXI, /* indexed variable with constant integer;
                 ind.t = table register;
                 ind.idx = key's value */
   VINDEXSTR, /* indexed variable with literal string;
-                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's K index;
-                ind.idx = key's K index */
+                ind.* as in VINDEXED */
   VJMP,  /* expression is a test/comparison;
             info = pc of corresponding jump instruction */
   VRELOC,  /* expression can put result in any register;
@@ -75,10 +85,12 @@ typedef struct expdesc {
     struct {  /* for indexed variables */
       short idx;  /* index (R or "long" K) */
       lu_byte t;  /* table (register or upvalue) */
+      lu_byte ro;  /* true if variable is read-only */
+      int keystr;  /* index in 'k' of string key, or -1 if not a string */
     } ind;
     struct {  /* for local variables */
       lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
-      unsigned short vidx;  /* compiler index (in 'actvar.arr')  */
+      short vidx;  /* index in 'actvar.arr' */
     } var;
   } u;
   int t;  /* patch list of 'exit when true' */
@@ -87,12 +99,22 @@ typedef struct expdesc {
 
 
 /* kinds of variables */
-#define VDKREG		0   /* regular */
+#define VDKREG		0   /* regular local */
-#define RDKCONST	1   /* constant */
+#define RDKCONST	1   /* local constant */
-#define RDKTOCLOSE	2   /* to-be-closed */
+#define RDKVAVAR	2   /* vararg parameter */
-#define RDKCTC		3   /* compile-time constant */
+#define RDKTOCLOSE	3   /* to-be-closed */
+#define RDKCTC		4   /* local compile-time constant */
+#define GDKREG		5   /* regular global */
+#define GDKCONST	6   /* global constant */
 
-/* description of an active local variable */
+/* variables that live in registers */
+#define varinreg(v)	((v)->vd.kind <= RDKTOCLOSE)
+
+/* test for global variables */
+#define varglobal(v)	((v)->vd.kind >= GDKREG)
+
+
+/* description of an active variable */
 typedef union Vardesc {
   struct {
     TValuefields;  /* constant value (if it is a compile-time constant) */
@@ -111,8 +133,8 @@ typedef struct Labeldesc {
   TString *name;  /* label identifier */
   int pc;  /* position in code */
   int line;  /* line where it appeared */
-  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active variables in that position */
+  short nactvar;  /* number of active variables in that position */
-  lu_byte close;  /* goto that escapes upvalues */
+  lu_byte close;  /* true for goto that escapes upvalues */
 } Labeldesc;
 
 
@@ -146,6 +168,7 @@ typedef struct FuncState {
   struct FuncState *prev;  /* enclosing function */
   struct LexState *ls;  /* lexical state */
   struct BlockCnt *bl;  /* chain of current blocks */
+  Table *kcache;  /* cache for reusing constants */
   int pc;  /* next position to code (equivalent to 'ncode') */
   int lasttarget;   /* 'label' of last 'jump label' */
   int previousline;  /* last line that was saved in 'lineinfo' */
@@ -155,7 +178,7 @@ typedef struct FuncState {
   int firstlocal;  /* index of first local var (in Dyndata array) */
   int firstlabel;  /* index of first label (in 'dyd->label->arr') */
   short ndebugvars;  /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
-  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active local variables */
+  short nactvar;  /* number of active variable declarations */
   lu_byte nups;  /* number of upvalues */
   lu_byte freereg;  /* first free register */
   lu_byte iwthabs;  /* instructions issued since last absolute line info */
@@ -163,9 +186,12 @@ typedef struct FuncState {
 } FuncState;
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC int luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs);
-LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+LUAI_FUNC void luaY_checklimit (FuncState *fs, int v, int l,
-                                 Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
+                                const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Table *anchor,
+                                 Mbuffer *buff, Dyndata *dyd,
+                                 const char *name, int firstchar);
 
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lstate.c

@@ -29,87 +29,58 @@
 
 
 
-/*
-** thread state + extra space
-*/
-typedef struct LX {
-  lu_byte extra_[LUA_EXTRASPACE];
-  lua_State l;
-} LX;
-
-
-/*
-** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
-*/
-typedef struct LG {
-  LX l;
-  global_State g;
-} LG;
-
-
-
 #define fromstate(L)	(cast(LX *, cast(lu_byte *, (L)) - offsetof(LX, l)))
 
 
 /*
-** A macro to create a "random" seed when a state is created;
+** these macros allow user-specific actions when a thread is
-** the seed is used to randomize string hashes.
+** created/deleted
 */
-#if !defined(luai_makeseed)
+#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
+#define luai_userstateopen(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
 
-#include <time.h>
+#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
 
-/*
+#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
-** Compute an initial seed with some level of randomness.
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1)	((void)L)
-** Rely on Address Space Layout Randomization (if present) and
+#endif
-** current time.
-*/
-#define addbuff(b,p,e) \
-  { size_t t = cast_sizet(e); \
-    memcpy(b + p, &t, sizeof(t)); p += sizeof(t); }
-
-static unsigned int luai_makeseed (lua_State *L) {
-  char buff[3 * sizeof(size_t)];
-  unsigned int h = cast_uint(time(NULL));
-  int p = 0;
-  addbuff(buff, p, L);  /* heap variable */
-  addbuff(buff, p, &h);  /* local variable */
-  addbuff(buff, p, &lua_newstate);  /* public function */
-  lua_assert(p == sizeof(buff));
-  return luaS_hash(buff, p, h);
-}
 
+#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1)	((void)L)
 #endif
 
 
 /*
-** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the value (totalbytes + GCdebt)
+** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the real number of allocated
-** invariant (and avoiding underflows in 'totalbytes')
+** objects (GCtotalobjs - GCdebt) invariant and avoiding overflows in
+** 'GCtotalobjs'.
 */
 void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt) {
   l_mem tb = gettotalbytes(g);
   lua_assert(tb > 0);
-  if (debt < tb - MAX_LMEM)
+  if (debt > MAX_LMEM - tb)
-    debt = tb - MAX_LMEM;  /* will make 'totalbytes == MAX_LMEM' */
+    debt = MAX_LMEM - tb;  /* will make GCtotalbytes == MAX_LMEM */
-  g->totalbytes = tb - debt;
+  g->GCtotalbytes = tb + debt;
   g->GCdebt = debt;
 }
 
 
-LUA_API int lua_setcstacklimit (lua_State *L, unsigned int limit) {
+CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L, int err) {
-  UNUSED(L); UNUSED(limit);
-  return LUAI_MAXCCALLS;  /* warning?? */
-}
-
-
-CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L) {
   CallInfo *ci;
-  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+  ci = luaM_reallocvector(L, NULL, 0, 1, CallInfo);
-  ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
+  if (l_unlikely(ci == NULL)) {  /* allocation failed? */
-  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+    if (err)
-  L->ci->next = ci;
+      luaM_error(L);  /* raise the error */
+    return NULL;  /* else only report it */
+  }
+  ci->next = L->ci->next;
   ci->previous = L->ci;
-  ci->next = NULL;
+  L->ci->next = ci;
+  if (ci->next)
+    ci->next->previous = ci;
   ci->u.l.trap = 0;
   L->nci++;
   return ci;
@@ -177,26 +148,29 @@ LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+static void resetCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = &L->base_ci;
+  ci->func.p = L->stack.p;
+  setnilvalue2s(ci->func.p);  /* 'function' entry for basic 'ci' */
+  ci->top.p = ci->func.p + 1 + LUA_MINSTACK;  /* +1 for 'function' entry */
+  ci->u.c.k = NULL;
+  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+  L->status = LUA_OK;
+  L->errfunc = 0;  /* stack unwind can "throw away" the error function */
+}
+
+
 static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
-  int i; CallInfo *ci;
+  int i;
   /* initialize stack array */
   L1->stack.p = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
   L1->tbclist.p = L1->stack.p;
   for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
-    setnilvalue(s2v(L1->stack.p + i));  /* erase new stack */
+    setnilvalue2s(L1->stack.p + i);  /* erase new stack */
-  L1->top.p = L1->stack.p;
   L1->stack_last.p = L1->stack.p + BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
   /* initialize first ci */
-  ci = &L1->base_ci;
+  resetCI(L1);
-  ci->next = ci->previous = NULL;
+  L1->top.p = L1->stack.p + 1;  /* +1 for 'function' entry */
-  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
-  ci->func.p = L1->top.p;
-  ci->u.c.k = NULL;
-  ci->nresults = 0;
-  setnilvalue(s2v(L1->top.p));  /* 'function' entry for this 'ci' */
-  L1->top.p++;
-  ci->top.p = L1->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK;
-  L1->ci = ci;
 }
 
 
@@ -206,7 +180,8 @@ static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
   L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* free the entire 'ci' list */
   freeCI(L);
   lua_assert(L->nci == 0);
-  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack.p, stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK);  /* free stack */
+  /* free stack */
+  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack.p, cast_sizet(stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK));
 }
 
 
@@ -215,13 +190,19 @@ static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
 */
 static void init_registry (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
   /* create registry */
+  TValue aux;
   Table *registry = luaH_new(L);
   sethvalue(L, &g->l_registry, registry);
   luaH_resize(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_LAST, 0);
+  /* registry[1] = false */
+  setbfvalue(&aux);
+  luaH_setint(L, registry, 1, &aux);
   /* registry[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD] = L */
-  setthvalue(L, &registry->array[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD - 1], L);
+  setthvalue(L, &aux, L);
+  luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD, &aux);
   /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = new table (table of globals) */
-  sethvalue(L, &registry->array[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS - 1], luaH_new(L));
+  sethvalue(L, &aux, luaH_new(L));
+  luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS, &aux);
 }
 
 
@@ -263,6 +244,16 @@ static void preinit_thread (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
   L->status = LUA_OK;
   L->errfunc = 0;
   L->oldpc = 0;
+  L->base_ci.previous = L->base_ci.next = NULL;
+}
+
+
+lu_mem luaE_threadsize (lua_State *L) {
+  lu_mem sz = cast(lu_mem, sizeof(LX))
+            + cast_uint(L->nci) * sizeof(CallInfo);
+  if (L->stack.p != NULL)
+    sz += cast_uint(stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK) * sizeof(StackValue);
+  return sz;
 }
 
 
@@ -271,17 +262,16 @@ static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
   if (!completestate(g))  /* closing a partially built state? */
     luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* just collect its objects */
   else {  /* closing a fully built state */
-    L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* unwind CallInfo list */
+    resetCI(L);
-    L->errfunc = 0;   /* stack unwind can "throw away" the error function */
     luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, LUA_OK);  /* close all upvalues */
     L->top.p = L->stack.p + 1;  /* empty the stack to run finalizers */
     luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* collect all objects */
     luai_userstateclose(L);
   }
-  luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, cast_sizet(G(L)->strt.size));
   freestack(L);
-  lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(LG));
+  lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(global_State));
-  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), sizeof(LG), 0);  /* free main block */
+  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, g, sizeof(global_State), 0);  /* free main block */
 }
 
 
@@ -303,7 +293,7 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
   L1->hook = L->hook;
   resethookcount(L1);
   /* initialize L1 extra space */
-  memcpy(lua_getextraspace(L1), lua_getextraspace(g->mainthread),
+  memcpy(lua_getextraspace(L1), lua_getextraspace(mainthread(g)),
          LUA_EXTRASPACE);
   luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
   stack_init(L1, L);  /* init stack */
@@ -322,52 +312,39 @@ void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
 }
 
 
-int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status) {
+TStatus luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, TStatus status) {
-  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* unwind CallInfo list */
+  resetCI(L);
-  setnilvalue(s2v(L->stack.p));  /* 'function' entry for basic 'ci' */
-  ci->func.p = L->stack.p;
-  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
   if (status == LUA_YIELD)
     status = LUA_OK;
-  L->status = LUA_OK;  /* so it can run __close metamethods */
-  L->errfunc = 0;   /* stack unwind can "throw away" the error function */
   status = luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, status);
   if (status != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
     luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->stack.p + 1);
   else
     L->top.p = L->stack.p + 1;
-  ci->top.p = L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK;
+  luaD_reallocstack(L, cast_int(L->ci->top.p - L->stack.p), 0);
-  luaD_reallocstack(L, cast_int(ci->top.p - L->stack.p), 0);
   return status;
 }
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_closethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *from) {
-  int status;
+  TStatus status;
   lua_lock(L);
   L->nCcalls = (from) ? getCcalls(from) : 0;
   status = luaE_resetthread(L, L->status);
+  if (L == from)  /* closing itself? */
+    luaD_throwbaselevel(L, status);
   lua_unlock(L);
-  return status;
+  return APIstatus(status);
 }
 
 
-/*
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud, unsigned seed) {
-** Deprecated! Use 'lua_closethread' instead.
-*/
-LUA_API int lua_resetthread (lua_State *L) {
-  return lua_closethread(L, NULL);
-}
-
-
-LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
   int i;
   lua_State *L;
-  global_State *g;
+  global_State *g = cast(global_State*,
-  LG *l = cast(LG *, (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LG)));
+                       (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(global_State)));
-  if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+  if (g == NULL) return NULL;
-  L = &l->l.l;
+  L = &g->mainth.l;
-  g = &l->g;
   L->tt = LUA_VTHREAD;
   g->currentwhite = bitmask(WHITE0BIT);
   L->marked = luaC_white(g);
@@ -379,8 +356,7 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
   g->ud = ud;
   g->warnf = NULL;
   g->ud_warn = NULL;
-  g->mainthread = L;
+  g->seed = seed;
-  g->seed = luai_makeseed(L);
   g->gcstp = GCSTPGC;  /* no GC while building state */
   g->strt.size = g->strt.nuse = 0;
   g->strt.hash = NULL;
@@ -397,16 +373,17 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
   g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
   g->weak = g->ephemeron = g->allweak = NULL;
   g->twups = NULL;
-  g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+  g->GCtotalbytes = sizeof(global_State);
+  g->GCmarked = 0;
   g->GCdebt = 0;
-  g->lastatomic = 0;
   setivalue(&g->nilvalue, 0);  /* to signal that state is not yet built */
-  setgcparam(g->gcpause, LUAI_GCPAUSE);
+  setgcparam(g, PAUSE, LUAI_GCPAUSE);
-  setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, LUAI_GCMUL);
+  setgcparam(g, STEPMUL, LUAI_GCMUL);
-  g->gcstepsize = LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE;
+  setgcparam(g, STEPSIZE, LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE);
-  setgcparam(g->genmajormul, LUAI_GENMAJORMUL);
+  setgcparam(g, MINORMUL, LUAI_GENMINORMUL);
-  g->genminormul = LUAI_GENMINORMUL;
+  setgcparam(g, MINORMAJOR, LUAI_MINORMAJOR);
-  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+  setgcparam(g, MAJORMINOR, LUAI_MAJORMINOR);
+  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTYPES; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
   if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != LUA_OK) {
     /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
     close_state(L);
@@ -418,7 +395,7 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
 
 LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
   lua_lock(L);
-  L = G(L)->mainthread;  /* only the main thread can be closed */
+  L = mainthread(G(L));  /* only the main thread can be closed */
   close_state(L);
 }
 

lib/lua/lstate.h

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ typedef struct CallInfo CallInfo;
 ** they must be visited again at the end of the cycle), but they are
 ** marked black because assignments to them must activate barriers (to
 ** move them back to TOUCHED1).
-** - Open upvales are kept gray to avoid barriers, but they stay out
+** - Open upvalues are kept gray to avoid barriers, but they stay out
 ** of gray lists. (They don't even have a 'gclist' field.)
 */
 
@@ -142,6 +142,17 @@ struct lua_longjmp;  /* defined in ldo.c */
 #define EXTRA_STACK   5
 
 
+/*
+** Size of cache for strings in the API. 'N' is the number of
+** sets (better be a prime) and "M" is the size of each set.
+** (M == 1 makes a direct cache.)
+*/
+#if !defined(STRCACHE_N)
+#define STRCACHE_N              53
+#define STRCACHE_M              2
+#endif
+
+
 #define BASIC_STACK_SIZE        (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
 
 #define stacksize(th)	cast_int((th)->stack_last.p - (th)->stack.p)
@@ -149,13 +160,14 @@ struct lua_longjmp;  /* defined in ldo.c */
 
 /* kinds of Garbage Collection */
 #define KGC_INC		0	/* incremental gc */
-#define KGC_GEN		1	/* generational gc */
+#define KGC_GENMINOR	1	/* generational gc in minor (regular) mode */
+#define KGC_GENMAJOR	2	/* generational in major mode */
 
 
 typedef struct stringtable {
-  TString **hash;
+  TString **hash;  /* array of buckets (linked lists of strings) */
   int nuse;  /* number of elements */
-  int size;
+  int size;  /* number of buckets */
 } stringtable;
 
 
@@ -171,12 +183,10 @@ typedef struct stringtable {
 ** yield (from the yield until the next resume);
 ** - field 'nres' is used only while closing tbc variables when
 ** returning from a function;
-** - field 'transferinfo' is used only during call/returnhooks,
-** before the function starts or after it ends.
 */
 struct CallInfo {
   StkIdRel func;  /* function index in the stack */
-  StkIdRel	top;  /* top for this function */
+  StkIdRel top;  /* top for this function */
   struct CallInfo *previous, *next;  /* dynamic call link */
   union {
     struct {  /* only for Lua functions */
@@ -194,35 +204,54 @@ struct CallInfo {
     int funcidx;  /* called-function index */
     int nyield;  /* number of values yielded */
     int nres;  /* number of values returned */
-    struct {  /* info about transferred values (for call/return hooks) */
-      unsigned short ftransfer;  /* offset of first value transferred */
-      unsigned short ntransfer;  /* number of values transferred */
-    } transferinfo;
   } u2;
-  short nresults;  /* expected number of results from this function */
+  l_uint32 callstatus;
-  unsigned short callstatus;
 };
 
 
+/*
+** Maximum expected number of results from a function
+** (must fit in CIST_NRESULTS).
+*/
+#define MAXRESULTS	250
+
+
 /*
 ** Bits in CallInfo status
 */
-#define CIST_OAH	(1<<0)	/* original value of 'allowhook' */
+/* bits 0-7 are the expected number of results from this function + 1 */
-#define CIST_C		(1<<1)	/* call is running a C function */
+#define CIST_NRESULTS	0xffu
-#define CIST_FRESH	(1<<2)	/* call is on a fresh "luaV_execute" frame */
-#define CIST_HOOKED	(1<<3)	/* call is running a debug hook */
-#define CIST_YPCALL	(1<<4)	/* doing a yieldable protected call */
-#define CIST_TAIL	(1<<5)	/* call was tail called */
-#define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(1<<6)	/* last hook called yielded */
-#define CIST_FIN	(1<<7)	/* function "called" a finalizer */
-#define CIST_TRAN	(1<<8)	/* 'ci' has transfer information */
-#define CIST_CLSRET	(1<<9)  /* function is closing tbc variables */
-/* Bits 10-12 are used for CIST_RECST (see below) */
-#define CIST_RECST	10
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
-#define CIST_LEQ	(1<<13)  /* using __lt for __le */
-#endif
 
+/* bits 8-11 count call metamethods (and their extra arguments) */
+#define CIST_CCMT	8  /* the offset, not the mask */
+#define MAX_CCMT	(0xfu << CIST_CCMT)
+
+/* Bits 12-14 are used for CIST_RECST (see below) */
+#define CIST_RECST	12  /* the offset, not the mask */
+
+/* call is running a C function (still in first 16 bits) */
+#define CIST_C		(1u << (CIST_RECST + 3))
+/* call is on a fresh "luaV_execute" frame */
+#define CIST_FRESH	(cast(l_uint32, CIST_C) << 1)
+/* function is closing tbc variables */
+#define CIST_CLSRET	(CIST_FRESH << 1)
+/* function has tbc variables to close */
+#define CIST_TBC	(CIST_CLSRET << 1)
+/* original value of 'allowhook' */
+#define CIST_OAH	(CIST_TBC << 1)
+/* call is running a debug hook */
+#define CIST_HOOKED	(CIST_OAH << 1)
+/* doing a yieldable protected call */
+#define CIST_YPCALL	(CIST_HOOKED << 1)
+/* call was tail called */
+#define CIST_TAIL	(CIST_YPCALL << 1)
+/* last hook called yielded */
+#define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(CIST_TAIL << 1)
+/* function "called" a finalizer */
+#define CIST_FIN	(CIST_HOOKYIELD << 1)
+
+
+#define get_nresults(cs)  (cast_int((cs) & CIST_NRESULTS) - 1)
 
 /*
 ** Field CIST_RECST stores the "recover status", used to keep the error
@@ -233,8 +262,8 @@ struct CallInfo {
 #define getcistrecst(ci)     (((ci)->callstatus >> CIST_RECST) & 7)
 #define setcistrecst(ci,st)  \
   check_exp(((st) & 7) == (st),   /* status must fit in three bits */  \
-            ((ci)->callstatus = ((ci)->callstatus & ~(7 << CIST_RECST))  \
+            ((ci)->callstatus = ((ci)->callstatus & ~(7u << CIST_RECST))  \
-                                                  | ((st) << CIST_RECST)))
+                                | (cast(l_uint32, st) << CIST_RECST)))
 
 
 /* active function is a Lua function */
@@ -243,9 +272,53 @@ struct CallInfo {
 /* call is running Lua code (not a hook) */
 #define isLuacode(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & (CIST_C | CIST_HOOKED)))
 
-/* assume that CIST_OAH has offset 0 and that 'v' is strictly 0/1 */
+
-#define setoah(st,v)	((st) = ((st) & ~CIST_OAH) | (v))
+#define setoah(ci,v)  \
-#define getoah(st)	((st) & CIST_OAH)
+  ((ci)->callstatus = ((v) ? (ci)->callstatus | CIST_OAH  \
+                           : (ci)->callstatus & ~CIST_OAH))
+#define getoah(ci)  (((ci)->callstatus & CIST_OAH) ? 1 : 0)
+
+
+/*
+** 'per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte allowhook;
+  TStatus status;
+  StkIdRel top;  /* first free slot in the stack */
+  struct global_State *l_G;
+  CallInfo *ci;  /* call info for current function */
+  StkIdRel stack_last;  /* end of stack (last element + 1) */
+  StkIdRel stack;  /* stack base */
+  UpVal *openupval;  /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+  StkIdRel tbclist;  /* list of to-be-closed variables */
+  GCObject *gclist;
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
+  struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp;  /* current error recover point */
+  CallInfo base_ci;  /* CallInfo for first level (C host) */
+  volatile lua_Hook hook;
+  ptrdiff_t errfunc;  /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+  l_uint32 nCcalls;  /* number of nested non-yieldable or C calls */
+  int oldpc;  /* last pc traced */
+  int nci;  /* number of items in 'ci' list */
+  int basehookcount;
+  int hookcount;
+  volatile l_signalT hookmask;
+  struct {  /* info about transferred values (for call/return hooks) */
+    int ftransfer;  /* offset of first value transferred */
+    int ntransfer;  /* number of values transferred */
+  } transferinfo;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** thread state + extra space
+*/
+typedef struct LX {
+  lu_byte extra_[LUA_EXTRASPACE];
+  lua_State l;
+} LX;
 
 
 /*
@@ -254,25 +327,21 @@ struct CallInfo {
 typedef struct global_State {
   lua_Alloc frealloc;  /* function to reallocate memory */
   void *ud;         /* auxiliary data to 'frealloc' */
-  l_mem totalbytes;  /* number of bytes currently allocated - GCdebt */
+  l_mem GCtotalbytes;  /* number of bytes currently allocated + debt */
-  l_mem GCdebt;  /* bytes allocated not yet compensated by the collector */
+  l_mem GCdebt;  /* bytes counted but not yet allocated */
-  lu_mem GCestimate;  /* an estimate of the non-garbage memory in use */
+  l_mem GCmarked;  /* number of objects marked in a GC cycle */
-  lu_mem lastatomic;  /* see function 'genstep' in file 'lgc.c' */
+  l_mem GCmajorminor;  /* auxiliary counter to control major-minor shifts */
   stringtable strt;  /* hash table for strings */
   TValue l_registry;
   TValue nilvalue;  /* a nil value */
   unsigned int seed;  /* randomized seed for hashes */
+  lu_byte gcparams[LUA_GCPN];
   lu_byte currentwhite;
   lu_byte gcstate;  /* state of garbage collector */
   lu_byte gckind;  /* kind of GC running */
   lu_byte gcstopem;  /* stops emergency collections */
-  lu_byte genminormul;  /* control for minor generational collections */
-  lu_byte genmajormul;  /* control for major generational collections */
   lu_byte gcstp;  /* control whether GC is running */
   lu_byte gcemergency;  /* true if this is an emergency collection */
-  lu_byte gcpause;  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
-  lu_byte gcstepmul;  /* GC "speed" */
-  lu_byte gcstepsize;  /* (log2 of) GC granularity */
   GCObject *allgc;  /* list of all collectable objects */
   GCObject **sweepgc;  /* current position of sweep in list */
   GCObject *finobj;  /* list of collectable objects with finalizers */
@@ -293,47 +362,18 @@ typedef struct global_State {
   GCObject *finobjrold;  /* list of really old objects with finalizers */
   struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
   lua_CFunction panic;  /* to be called in unprotected errors */
-  struct lua_State *mainthread;
   TString *memerrmsg;  /* message for memory-allocation errors */
   TString *tmname[TM_N];  /* array with tag-method names */
   struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTYPES];  /* metatables for basic types */
   TString *strcache[STRCACHE_N][STRCACHE_M];  /* cache for strings in API */
   lua_WarnFunction warnf;  /* warning function */
   void *ud_warn;         /* auxiliary data to 'warnf' */
+  LX mainth;  /* main thread of this state */
 } global_State;
 
 
-/*
-** 'per thread' state
-*/
-struct lua_State {
-  CommonHeader;
-  lu_byte status;
-  lu_byte allowhook;
-  unsigned short nci;  /* number of items in 'ci' list */
-  StkIdRel top;  /* first free slot in the stack */
-  global_State *l_G;
-  CallInfo *ci;  /* call info for current function */
-  StkIdRel stack_last;  /* end of stack (last element + 1) */
-  StkIdRel stack;  /* stack base */
-  UpVal *openupval;  /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
-  StkIdRel tbclist;  /* list of to-be-closed variables */
-  GCObject *gclist;
-  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
-  struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp;  /* current error recover point */
-  CallInfo base_ci;  /* CallInfo for first level (C calling Lua) */
-  volatile lua_Hook hook;
-  ptrdiff_t errfunc;  /* current error handling function (stack index) */
-  l_uint32 nCcalls;  /* number of nested (non-yieldable | C)  calls */
-  int oldpc;  /* last pc traced */
-  int basehookcount;
-  int hookcount;
-  volatile l_signalT hookmask;
-  char iopath[256];
-};
-
-
 #define G(L)	(L->l_G)
+#define mainthread(G)	(&(G)->mainth.l)
 
 /*
 ** 'g->nilvalue' being a nil value flags that the state was completely
@@ -343,7 +383,7 @@ struct lua_State {
 
 
 /*
-** Union of all collectable objects (only for conversions)
+** Union of all collectable objects
 ** ISO C99, 6.5.2.3 p.5:
 ** "if a union contains several structures that share a common initial
 ** sequence [...], and if the union object currently contains one
@@ -363,46 +403,48 @@ union GCUnion {
 };
 
 
-/*
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value
-** ISO C99, 6.7.2.1 p.14:
+** ISO C99, 6.3.2.2 p.7:
-** "A pointer to a union object, suitably converted, points to each of
+** "A pointer to an object or incomplete type may be converted to a
-** its members [...], and vice versa."
+** pointer to a different object or incomplete type. If the resulting
+** pointer is not correctly aligned for the pointed-to type, the
+** behavior is undefined. Otherwise, when converted back again, the
+** result shall compare equal to the original pointer."
 */
-#define cast_u(o)	cast(union GCUnion *, (o))
+#define gco2(v,T,o)	check_exp((o)->tt == v, cast(T*, o))
-
+#define gco2nv(t,T,o)	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == t, cast(T*, o))
-/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define gco2ts(o)	gco2nv(LUA_TSTRING, TString, o)
-#define gco2ts(o)  \
+#define gco2u(o)	gco2(LUA_VUSERDATA, Udata, o)
-	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TSTRING, &((cast_u(o))->ts))
+#define gco2lcl(o)	(&gco2(LUA_VLCL, Closure, o)->l)
-#define gco2u(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUSERDATA, &((cast_u(o))->u))
+#define gco2ccl(o)	(&gco2(LUA_VCCL, Closure, o)->c)
-#define gco2lcl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VLCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.l))
+#define gco2cl(o)	gco2nv(LUA_TFUNCTION, Closure, o)
-#define gco2ccl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VCCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.c))
+#define gco2t(o)	gco2(LUA_VTABLE, Table, o)
-#define gco2cl(o)  \
+#define gco2p(o)	gco2(LUA_VPROTO, Proto, o)
-	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((cast_u(o))->cl))
+#define gco2th(o)	gco2(LUA_VTHREAD, lua_State, o)
-#define gco2t(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTABLE, &((cast_u(o))->h))
+#define gco2upv(o)	gco2(LUA_VUPVAL, UpVal, o)
-#define gco2p(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VPROTO, &((cast_u(o))->p))
-#define gco2th(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTHREAD, &((cast_u(o))->th))
-#define gco2upv(o)	check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUPVAL, &((cast_u(o))->upv))
 
 
 /*
 ** macro to convert a Lua object into a GCObject
-** (The access to 'tt' tries to ensure that 'v' is actually a Lua object.)
 */
-#define obj2gco(v)	check_exp((v)->tt >= LUA_TSTRING, &(cast_u(v)->gc))
+#define obj2gco(v)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((v)->tt) >= LUA_TSTRING, cast(GCObject*, v))
 
 
-/* actual number of total bytes allocated */
+/* actual number of total memory allocated */
-#define gettotalbytes(g)	cast(lu_mem, (g)->totalbytes + (g)->GCdebt)
+#define gettotalbytes(g)	((g)->GCtotalbytes - (g)->GCdebt)
+
 
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
-LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_mem luaE_threadsize (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L, int err);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, TStatus status);
 
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lstring.c

@@ -25,22 +25,32 @@
 /*
 ** Maximum size for string table.
 */
-#define MAXSTRTB	cast_int(luaM_limitN(MAX_INT, TString*))
+#define MAXSTRTB	cast_int(luaM_limitN(INT_MAX, TString*))
+
+/*
+** Initial size for the string table (must be power of 2).
+** The Lua core alone registers ~50 strings (reserved words +
+** metaevent keys + a few others). Libraries would typically add
+** a few dozens more.
+*/
+#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE   128
+#endif
 
 
 /*
-** equality for long strings
+** generic equality for strings
 */
-int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
+int luaS_eqstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
-  size_t len = a->u.lnglen;
+  size_t len1, len2;
-  lua_assert(a->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR && b->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
+  const char *s1 = getlstr(a, len1);
-  return (a == b) ||  /* same instance or... */
+  const char *s2 = getlstr(b, len2);
-    ((len == b->u.lnglen) &&  /* equal length and ... */
+  return ((len1 == len2) &&  /* equal length and ... */
-     (memcmp(getlngstr(a), getlngstr(b), len) == 0));  /* equal contents */
+          (memcmp(s1, s2, len1) == 0));  /* equal contents */
 }
 
 
-unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed) {
+static unsigned luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned seed) {
   unsigned int h = seed ^ cast_uint(l);
   for (; l > 0; l--)
     h ^= ((h<<5) + (h>>2) + cast_byte(str[l - 1]));
@@ -48,7 +58,7 @@ unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed) {
 }
 
 
-unsigned int luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts) {
+unsigned luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts) {
   lua_assert(ts->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
   if (ts->extra == 0) {  /* no hash? */
     size_t len = ts->u.lnglen;
@@ -136,28 +146,43 @@ void luaS_init (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+size_t luaS_sizelngstr (size_t len, int kind) {
+  switch (kind) {
+    case LSTRREG:  /* regular long string */
+      /* don't need 'falloc'/'ud', but need space for content */
+      return offsetof(TString, falloc) + (len + 1) * sizeof(char);
+    case LSTRFIX:  /* fixed external long string */
+      /* don't need 'falloc'/'ud' */
+      return offsetof(TString, falloc);
+    default:  /* external long string with deallocation */
+      lua_assert(kind == LSTRMEM);
+      return sizeof(TString);
+  }
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** creates a new string object
 */
-static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l, int tag, unsigned int h) {
+static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t totalsize, lu_byte tag,
+                              unsigned h) {
   TString *ts;
   GCObject *o;
-  size_t totalsize;  /* total size of TString object */
-  totalsize = sizelstring(l);
   o = luaC_newobj(L, tag, totalsize);
   ts = gco2ts(o);
   ts->hash = h;
   ts->extra = 0;
-  getstr(ts)[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
   return ts;
 }
 
 
 TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l) {
-  TString *ts = createstrobj(L, l, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
+  size_t totalsize = luaS_sizelngstr(l, LSTRREG);
+  TString *ts = createstrobj(L, totalsize, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
   ts->u.lnglen = l;
-  ts->shrlen = 0xFF;  /* signals that it is a long string */
+  ts->shrlen = LSTRREG;  /* signals that it is a regular long string */
+  ts->contents = cast_charp(ts) + offsetof(TString, falloc);
+  ts->contents[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
   return ts;
 }
 
@@ -173,9 +198,9 @@ void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts) {
 
 
 static void growstrtab (lua_State *L, stringtable *tb) {
-  if (l_unlikely(tb->nuse == MAX_INT)) {  /* too many strings? */
+  if (l_unlikely(tb->nuse == INT_MAX)) {  /* too many strings? */
     luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some... */
-    if (tb->nuse == MAX_INT)  /* still too many? */
+    if (tb->nuse == INT_MAX)  /* still too many? */
       luaM_error(L);  /* cannot even create a message... */
   }
   if (tb->size <= MAXSTRTB / 2)  /* can grow string table? */
@@ -194,7 +219,8 @@ static TString *internshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
   TString **list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
   lua_assert(str != NULL);  /* otherwise 'memcmp'/'memcpy' are undefined */
   for (ts = *list; ts != NULL; ts = ts->u.hnext) {
-    if (l == ts->shrlen && (memcmp(str, getshrstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
+    if (l == cast_uint(ts->shrlen) &&
+        (memcmp(str, getshrstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
       /* found! */
       if (isdead(g, ts))  /* dead (but not collected yet)? */
         changewhite(ts);  /* resurrect it */
@@ -206,8 +232,9 @@ static TString *internshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
     growstrtab(L, tb);
     list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];  /* rehash with new size */
   }
-  ts = createstrobj(L, l, LUA_VSHRSTR, h);
+  ts = createstrobj(L, sizestrshr(l), LUA_VSHRSTR, h);
-  ts->shrlen = cast_byte(l);
+  ts->shrlen = cast(ls_byte, l);
+  getshrstr(ts)[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
   memcpy(getshrstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
   ts->u.hnext = *list;
   *list = ts;
@@ -256,7 +283,7 @@ TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
 }
 
 
-Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue) {
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, unsigned short nuvalue) {
   Udata *u;
   int i;
   GCObject *o;
@@ -272,3 +299,55 @@ Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue) {
   return u;
 }
 
+
+struct NewExt {
+  ls_byte kind;
+  const char *s;
+   size_t len;
+  TString *ts;  /* output */
+};
+
+
+static void f_newext (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  struct NewExt *ne = cast(struct NewExt *, ud);
+  size_t size = luaS_sizelngstr(0, ne->kind);
+  ne->ts = createstrobj(L, size, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_newextlstr (lua_State *L,
+	          const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud) {
+  struct NewExt ne;
+  if (!falloc) {
+    ne.kind = LSTRFIX;
+    f_newext(L, &ne);  /* just create header */
+  }
+  else {
+    ne.kind = LSTRMEM;
+    if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_newext, &ne) != LUA_OK) {  /* mem. error? */
+      (*falloc)(ud, cast_voidp(s), len + 1, 0);  /* free external string */
+      luaM_error(L);  /* re-raise memory error */
+    }
+    ne.ts->falloc = falloc;
+    ne.ts->ud = ud;
+  }
+  ne.ts->shrlen = ne.kind;
+  ne.ts->u.lnglen = len;
+  ne.ts->contents = cast_charp(s);
+  return ne.ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Normalize an external string: If it is short, internalize it.
+*/
+TString *luaS_normstr (lua_State *L, TString *ts) {
+  size_t len = ts->u.lnglen;
+  if (len > LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
+    return ts;  /* long string; keep the original */
+  else {
+    const char *str = getlngstr(ts);
+    return internshrstr(L, str, len);
+  }
+}
+

lib/lua/lstring.h

@@ -20,10 +20,23 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Size of a TString: Size of the header plus space for the string
+** Maximum length for short strings, that is, strings that are
+** internalized. (Cannot be smaller than reserved words or tags for
+** metamethods, as these strings must be internalized;
+** #("function") = 8, #("__newindex") = 10.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
+#define LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN	40
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Size of a short TString: Size of the header plus space for the string
 ** itself (including final '\0').
 */
-#define sizelstring(l)  (offsetof(TString, contents) + ((l) + 1) * sizeof(char))
+#define sizestrshr(l)  \
+	(offsetof(TString, contents) + ((l) + 1) * sizeof(char))
+
 
 #define luaS_newliteral(L, s)	(luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
                                  (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
@@ -32,7 +45,7 @@
 /*
 ** test whether a string is a reserved word
 */
-#define isreserved(s)	((s)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR && (s)->extra > 0)
+#define isreserved(s)	(strisshr(s) && (s)->extra > 0)
 
 
 /*
@@ -41,17 +54,20 @@
 #define eqshrstr(a,b)	check_exp((a)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR, (a) == (b))
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts);
-LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqstr (TString *a, TString *b);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaS_init (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts);
-LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s,
+                                              unsigned short nuvalue);
 LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
 LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str);
 LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l);
-
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newextlstr (lua_State *L,
+		const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaS_sizelngstr (size_t len, int kind);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_normstr (lua_State *L, TString *ts);
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lstrlib.c

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -36,22 +37,6 @@
 #endif
 
 
-/* macro to 'unsign' a character */
-#define uchar(c)	((unsigned char)(c))
-
-
-/*
-** Some sizes are better limited to fit in 'int', but must also fit in
-** 'size_t'. (We assume that 'lua_Integer' cannot be smaller than 'int'.)
-*/
-#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
-
-#define MAXSIZE  \
-	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(int) ? MAX_SIZET : (size_t)(INT_MAX))
-
-
-
-
 static int str_len (lua_State *L) {
   size_t l;
   luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
@@ -128,7 +113,7 @@ static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {
   const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
   char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
   for (i=0; i<l; i++)
-    p[i] = tolower(uchar(s[i]));
+    p[i] = cast_char(tolower(cast_uchar(s[i])));
   luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
   return 1;
 }
@@ -141,33 +126,37 @@ static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {
   const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
   char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
   for (i=0; i<l; i++)
-    p[i] = toupper(uchar(s[i]));
+    p[i] = cast_char(toupper(cast_uchar(s[i])));
   luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** MAX_SIZE is limited both by size_t and lua_Integer.
+** When x <= MAX_SIZE, x can be safely cast to size_t or lua_Integer.
+*/
 static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {
-  size_t l, lsep;
+  size_t len, lsep;
-  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
   lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
   const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 3, "", &lsep);
-  if (n <= 0)
+  if (n <= 0 || (len | lsep) == 0)
-    lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "");  /* no repetitions or both strings empty */
-  else if (l_unlikely(l + lsep < l || l + lsep > MAXSIZE / n))
+  else if (l_unlikely(len > MAX_SIZE - lsep ||
+               cast_st2S(len + lsep) > cast_st2S(MAX_SIZE) / n))
     return luaL_error(L, "resulting string too large");
   else {
-    size_t totallen = (size_t)n * l + (size_t)(n - 1) * lsep;
+    size_t totallen = (cast_sizet(n) * (len + lsep)) - lsep;
     luaL_Buffer b;
     char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, totallen);
     while (n-- > 1) {  /* first n-1 copies (followed by separator) */
-      memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); p += l;
+      memcpy(p, s, len * sizeof(char)); p += len;
       if (lsep > 0) {  /* empty 'memcpy' is not that cheap */
-        memcpy(p, sep, lsep * sizeof(char));
+        memcpy(p, sep, lsep * sizeof(char)); p += lsep;
-        p += lsep;
       }
     }
-    memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char));  /* last copy (not followed by separator) */
+    memcpy(p, s, len * sizeof(char));  /* last copy without separator */
     luaL_pushresultsize(&b, totallen);
   }
   return 1;
@@ -187,7 +176,7 @@ static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {
   n = (int)(pose -  posi) + 1;
   luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
   for (i=0; i<n; i++)
-    lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));
+    lua_pushinteger(L, cast_uchar(s[posi + cast_uint(i) - 1]));
   return n;
 }
 
@@ -196,13 +185,13 @@ static int str_char (lua_State *L) {
   int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
   int i;
   luaL_Buffer b;
-  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, n);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, cast_uint(n));
   for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
     lua_Unsigned c = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, i);
     luaL_argcheck(L, c <= (lua_Unsigned)UCHAR_MAX, i, "value out of range");
-    p[i - 1] = uchar(c);
+    p[i - 1] = cast_char(cast_uchar(c));
   }
-  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, n);
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, cast_uint(n));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +214,12 @@ static int writer (lua_State *L, const void *b, size_t size, void *ud) {
     state->init = 1;
     luaL_buffinit(L, &state->B);
   }
-  luaL_addlstring(&state->B, (const char *)b, size);
+  if (b == NULL) {  /* finishing dump? */
+    luaL_pushresult(&state->B);  /* push result */
+    lua_replace(L, 1);  /* move it to reserved slot */
+  }
+  else
+    luaL_addlstring(&state->B, (const char *)b, size);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -233,12 +227,13 @@ static int writer (lua_State *L, const void *b, size_t size, void *ud) {
 static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {
   struct str_Writer state;
   int strip = lua_toboolean(L, 2);
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TFUNCTION && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1),
-  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* ensure function is on the top of the stack */
+                   1, "Lua function expected");
+  /* ensure function is on the top of the stack and vacate slot 1 */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
   state.init = 0;
-  if (l_unlikely(lua_dump(L, writer, &state, strip) != 0))
+  lua_dump(L, writer, &state, strip);
-    return luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");
+  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* leave final result on top */
-  luaL_pushresult(&state.B);
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -274,11 +269,18 @@ static int tonum (lua_State *L, int arg) {
 }
 
 
-static void trymt (lua_State *L, const char *mtname) {
+/*
+** To be here, either the first operand was a string or the first
+** operand didn't have a corresponding metamethod. (Otherwise, that
+** other metamethod would have been called.) So, if this metamethod
+** doesn't work, the only other option would be for the second
+** operand to have a different metamethod.
+*/
+static void trymt (lua_State *L, const char *mtkey, const char *opname) {
   lua_settop(L, 2);  /* back to the original arguments */
   if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, 2) == LUA_TSTRING ||
-                 !luaL_getmetafield(L, 2, mtname)))
+                 !luaL_getmetafield(L, 2, mtkey)))
-    luaL_error(L, "attempt to %s a '%s' with a '%s'", mtname + 2,
+    luaL_error(L, "attempt to %s a '%s' with a '%s'", opname,
                   luaL_typename(L, -2), luaL_typename(L, -1));
   lua_insert(L, -3);  /* put metamethod before arguments */
   lua_call(L, 2, 1);  /* call metamethod */
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ static int arith (lua_State *L, int op, const char *mtname) {
   if (tonum(L, 1) && tonum(L, 2))
     lua_arith(L, op);  /* result will be on the top */
   else
-    trymt(L, mtname);
+    trymt(L, mtname, mtname + 2);
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -361,10 +363,10 @@ typedef struct MatchState {
   const char *p_end;  /* end ('\0') of pattern */
   lua_State *L;
   int matchdepth;  /* control for recursive depth (to avoid C stack overflow) */
-  unsigned char level;  /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
+  int level;  /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
   struct {
     const char *init;
-    ptrdiff_t len;
+    ptrdiff_t len;  /* length or special value (CAP_*) */
   } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];
 } MatchState;
 
@@ -453,15 +455,15 @@ static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {
   while (++p < ec) {
     if (*p == L_ESC) {
       p++;
-      if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))
+      if (match_class(c, cast_uchar(*p)))
         return sig;
     }
     else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {
       p+=2;
-      if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))
+      if (cast_uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= cast_uchar(*p))
         return sig;
     }
-    else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
+    else if (cast_uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
   }
   return !sig;
 }
@@ -472,12 +474,12 @@ static int singlematch (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p,
   if (s >= ms->src_end)
     return 0;
   else {
-    int c = uchar(*s);
+    int c = cast_uchar(*s);
     switch (*p) {
       case '.': return 1;  /* matches any char */
-      case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));
+      case L_ESC: return match_class(c, cast_uchar(*(p+1)));
       case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);
-      default:  return (uchar(*p) == c);
+      default:  return (cast_uchar(*p) == c);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -559,7 +561,7 @@ static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
 static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {
   size_t len;
   l = check_capture(ms, l);
-  len = ms->capture[l].len;
+  len = cast_sizet(ms->capture[l].len);
   if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&
       memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)
     return s+len;
@@ -606,8 +608,8 @@ static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {
               luaL_error(ms->L, "missing '[' after '%%f' in pattern");
             ep = classend(ms, p);  /* points to what is next */
             previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s - 1);
-            if (!matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep - 1) &&
+            if (!matchbracketclass(cast_uchar(previous), p, ep - 1) &&
-               matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep - 1)) {
+               matchbracketclass(cast_uchar(*s), p, ep - 1)) {
               p = ep; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, ep); */
             }
             s = NULL;  /* match failed */
@@ -616,7 +618,7 @@ static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {
           case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
           case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
           case '8': case '9': {  /* capture results (%0-%9)? */
-            s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p + 1)));
+            s = match_capture(ms, s, cast_uchar(*(p + 1)));
             if (s != NULL) {
               p += 2; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, p + 2) */
             }
@@ -683,7 +685,7 @@ static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
       if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)
         return init-1;
       else {  /* correct 'l1' and 's1' to try again */
-        l1 -= init-s1;
+        l1 -= ct_diff2sz(init - s1);
         s1 = init;
       }
     }
@@ -699,13 +701,13 @@ static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
 ** its length and put its address in '*cap'. If it is an integer
 ** (a position), push it on the stack and return CAP_POSITION.
 */
-static size_t get_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+static ptrdiff_t get_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
                               const char *e, const char **cap) {
   if (i >= ms->level) {
     if (l_unlikely(i != 0))
       luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", i + 1);
     *cap = s;
-    return e - s;
+    return (e - s);
   }
   else {
     ptrdiff_t capl = ms->capture[i].len;
@@ -713,7 +715,8 @@ static size_t get_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
     if (l_unlikely(capl == CAP_UNFINISHED))
       luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");
     else if (capl == CAP_POSITION)
-      lua_pushinteger(ms->L, (ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init) + 1);
+      lua_pushinteger(ms->L,
+          ct_diff2S(ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init) + 1);
     return capl;
   }
 }
@@ -727,7 +730,7 @@ static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
   const char *cap;
   ptrdiff_t l = get_onecapture(ms, i, s, e, &cap);
   if (l != CAP_POSITION)
-    lua_pushlstring(ms->L, cap, l);
+    lua_pushlstring(ms->L, cap, cast_sizet(l));
   /* else position was already pushed */
 }
 
@@ -754,19 +757,25 @@ static int nospecials (const char *p, size_t l) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Prepare state for matches. These fields are not affected by each match.
+*/
 static void prepstate (MatchState *ms, lua_State *L,
                        const char *s, size_t ls, const char *p, size_t lp) {
   ms->L = L;
-  ms->matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;
   ms->src_init = s;
   ms->src_end = s + ls;
   ms->p_end = p + lp;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** (Re)prepare state for a match, setting fields that change during
+** each match.
+*/
 static void reprepstate (MatchState *ms) {
+  ms->matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;
   ms->level = 0;
-  lua_assert(ms->matchdepth == MAXCCALLS);
 }
 
 
@@ -784,8 +793,8 @@ static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {
     /* do a plain search */
     const char *s2 = lmemfind(s + init, ls - init, p, lp);
     if (s2) {
-      lua_pushinteger(L, (s2 - s) + 1);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, ct_diff2S(s2 - s) + 1);
-      lua_pushinteger(L, (s2 - s) + lp);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, cast_st2S(ct_diff2sz(s2 - s) + lp));
       return 2;
     }
   }
@@ -802,8 +811,8 @@ static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {
       reprepstate(&ms);
       if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {
         if (find) {
-          lua_pushinteger(L, (s1 - s) + 1);  /* start */
+          lua_pushinteger(L, ct_diff2S(s1 - s) + 1);  /* start */
-          lua_pushinteger(L, res - s);   /* end */
+          lua_pushinteger(L, ct_diff2S(res - s));   /* end */
           return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;
         }
         else
@@ -875,23 +884,23 @@ static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
   const char *news = lua_tolstring(L, 3, &l);
   const char *p;
   while ((p = (char *)memchr(news, L_ESC, l)) != NULL) {
-    luaL_addlstring(b, news, p - news);
+    luaL_addlstring(b, news, ct_diff2sz(p - news));
     p++;  /* skip ESC */
     if (*p == L_ESC)  /* '%%' */
       luaL_addchar(b, *p);
     else if (*p == '0')  /* '%0' */
-        luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);
+        luaL_addlstring(b, s, ct_diff2sz(e - s));
-    else if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) {  /* '%n' */
+    else if (isdigit(cast_uchar(*p))) {  /* '%n' */
       const char *cap;
       ptrdiff_t resl = get_onecapture(ms, *p - '1', s, e, &cap);
       if (resl == CAP_POSITION)
         luaL_addvalue(b);  /* add position to accumulated result */
       else
-        luaL_addlstring(b, cap, resl);
+        luaL_addlstring(b, cap, cast_sizet(resl));
     }
     else
       luaL_error(L, "invalid use of '%c' in replacement string", L_ESC);
-    l -= p + 1 - news;
+    l -= ct_diff2sz(p + 1 - news);
     news = p + 1;
   }
   luaL_addlstring(b, news, l);
@@ -926,7 +935,7 @@ static int add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
   }
   if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) {  /* nil or false? */
     lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
-    luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);  /* keep original text */
+    luaL_addlstring(b, s, ct_diff2sz(e - s));  /* keep original text */
     return 0;  /* no changes */
   }
   else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
@@ -945,7 +954,8 @@ static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
   const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);  /* pattern */
   const char *lastmatch = NULL;  /* end of last match */
   int tr = lua_type(L, 3);  /* replacement type */
-  lua_Integer max_s = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, srcl + 1);  /* max replacements */
+  /* max replacements */
+  lua_Integer max_s = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, cast_st2S(srcl) + 1);
   int anchor = (*p == '^');
   lua_Integer n = 0;  /* replacement count */
   int changed = 0;  /* change flag */
@@ -964,7 +974,7 @@ static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
     reprepstate(&ms);  /* (re)prepare state for new match */
     if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL && e != lastmatch) {  /* match? */
       n++;
-      changed = add_value(&ms, &b, src, e, tr) | changed;
+      changed = add_value(&ms, &b, src, e, tr) || changed;
       src = lastmatch = e;
     }
     else if (src < ms.src_end)  /* otherwise, skip one character */
@@ -975,7 +985,7 @@ static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
   if (!changed)  /* no changes? */
     lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* return original string */
   else {  /* something changed */
-    luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);
+    luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ct_diff2sz(ms.src_end - src));
     luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* create and return new string */
   }
   lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of substitutions */
@@ -1013,15 +1023,15 @@ static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
 /*
 ** Add integer part of 'x' to buffer and return new 'x'
 */
-static lua_Number adddigit (char *buff, int n, lua_Number x) {
+static lua_Number adddigit (char *buff, unsigned n, lua_Number x) {
   lua_Number dd = l_mathop(floor)(x);  /* get integer part from 'x' */
   int d = (int)dd;
-  buff[n] = (d < 10 ? d + '0' : d - 10 + 'a');  /* add to buffer */
+  buff[n] = cast_char(d < 10 ? d + '0' : d - 10 + 'a');  /* add to buffer */
   return x - dd;  /* return what is left */
 }
 
 
-static int num2straux (char *buff, int sz, lua_Number x) {
+static int num2straux (char *buff, unsigned sz, lua_Number x) {
   /* if 'inf' or 'NaN', format it like '%g' */
   if (x != x || x == (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL || x == -(lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)
     return l_sprintf(buff, sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)x);
@@ -1032,7 +1042,7 @@ static int num2straux (char *buff, int sz, lua_Number x) {
   else {
     int e;
     lua_Number m = l_mathop(frexp)(x, &e);  /* 'x' fraction and exponent */
-    int n = 0;  /* character count */
+    unsigned n = 0;  /* character count */
     if (m < 0) {  /* is number negative? */
       buff[n++] = '-';  /* add sign */
       m = -m;  /* make it positive */
@@ -1046,20 +1056,20 @@ static int num2straux (char *buff, int sz, lua_Number x) {
         m = adddigit(buff, n++, m * 16);
       } while (m > 0);
     }
-    n += l_sprintf(buff + n, sz - n, "p%+d", e);  /* add exponent */
+    n += cast_uint(l_sprintf(buff + n, sz - n, "p%+d", e));  /* add exponent */
     lua_assert(n < sz);
-    return n;
+    return cast_int(n);
   }
 }
 
 
-static int lua_number2strx (lua_State *L, char *buff, int sz,
+static int lua_number2strx (lua_State *L, char *buff, unsigned sz,
                             const char *fmt, lua_Number x) {
   int n = num2straux(buff, sz, x);
   if (fmt[SIZELENMOD] == 'A') {
     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-      buff[i] = toupper(uchar(buff[i]));
+      buff[i] = cast_char(toupper(cast_uchar(buff[i])));
   }
   else if (l_unlikely(fmt[SIZELENMOD] != 'a'))
     return luaL_error(L, "modifiers for format '%%a'/'%%A' not implemented");
@@ -1126,12 +1136,12 @@ static void addquoted (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s, size_t len) {
       luaL_addchar(b, '\\');
       luaL_addchar(b, *s);
     }
-    else if (iscntrl(uchar(*s))) {
+    else if (iscntrl(cast_uchar(*s))) {
       char buff[10];
-      if (!isdigit(uchar(*(s+1))))
+      if (!isdigit(cast_uchar(*(s+1))))
-        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%d", (int)uchar(*s));
+        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%d", (int)cast_uchar(*s));
       else
-        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%03d", (int)uchar(*s));
+        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%03d", (int)cast_uchar(*s));
       luaL_addstring(b, buff);
     }
     else
@@ -1160,9 +1170,9 @@ static int quotefloat (lua_State *L, char *buff, lua_Number n) {
     int  nb = lua_number2strx(L, buff, MAX_ITEM,
                                  "%" LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN "a", n);
     /* ensures that 'buff' string uses a dot as the radix character */
-    if (memchr(buff, '.', nb) == NULL) {  /* no dot? */
+    if (memchr(buff, '.', cast_uint(nb)) == NULL) {  /* no dot? */
       char point = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* try locale point */
-      char *ppoint = (char *)memchr(buff, point, nb);
+      char *ppoint = (char *)memchr(buff, point, cast_uint(nb));
       if (ppoint) *ppoint = '.';  /* change it to a dot */
     }
     return nb;
@@ -1192,7 +1202,7 @@ static void addliteral (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
                            : LUA_INTEGER_FMT;  /* else use default format */
         nb = l_sprintf(buff, MAX_ITEM, format, (LUAI_UACINT)n);
       }
-      luaL_addsize(b, nb);
+      luaL_addsize(b, cast_uint(nb));
       break;
     }
     case LUA_TNIL: case LUA_TBOOLEAN: {
@@ -1208,9 +1218,9 @@ static void addliteral (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
 
 
 static const char *get2digits (const char *s) {
-  if (isdigit(uchar(*s))) {
+  if (isdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) {
     s++;
-    if (isdigit(uchar(*s))) s++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
+    if (isdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
   }
   return s;
 }
@@ -1233,7 +1243,7 @@ static void checkformat (lua_State *L, const char *form, const char *flags,
       spec = get2digits(spec);  /* skip precision */
     }
   }
-  if (!isalpha(uchar(*spec)))  /* did not go to the end? */
+  if (!isalpha(cast_uchar(*spec)))  /* did not go to the end? */
     luaL_error(L, "invalid conversion specification: '%s'", form);
 }
 
@@ -1286,7 +1296,7 @@ static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
       luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);  /* %% */
     else { /* format item */
       char form[MAX_FORMAT];  /* to store the format ('%...') */
-      int maxitem = MAX_ITEM;  /* maximum length for the result */
+      unsigned maxitem = MAX_ITEM;  /* maximum length for the result */
       char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);  /* to put result */
       int nb = 0;  /* number of bytes in result */
       if (++arg > top)
@@ -1369,8 +1379,8 @@ static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
           return luaL_error(L, "invalid conversion '%s' to 'format'", form);
         }
       }
-      lua_assert(nb < maxitem);
+      lua_assert(cast_uint(nb) < maxitem);
-      luaL_addsize(&b, nb);
+      luaL_addsize(&b, cast_uint(nb));
     }
   }
   luaL_pushresult(&b);
@@ -1418,7 +1428,7 @@ static const union {
 typedef struct Header {
   lua_State *L;
   int islittle;
-  int maxalign;
+  unsigned maxalign;
 } Header;
 
 
@@ -1446,14 +1456,14 @@ typedef enum KOption {
 */
 static int digit (int c) { return '0' <= c && c <= '9'; }
 
-static int getnum (const char **fmt, int df) {
+static size_t getnum (const char **fmt, size_t df) {
   if (!digit(**fmt))  /* no number? */
     return df;  /* return default value */
   else {
-    int a = 0;
+    size_t a = 0;
     do {
-      a = a*10 + (*((*fmt)++) - '0');
+      a = a*10 + cast_uint(*((*fmt)++) - '0');
-    } while (digit(**fmt) && a <= ((int)MAXSIZE - 9)/10);
+    } while (digit(**fmt) && a <= (MAX_SIZE - 9)/10);
     return a;
   }
 }
@@ -1461,14 +1471,14 @@ static int getnum (const char **fmt, int df) {
 
 /*
 ** Read an integer numeral and raises an error if it is larger
-** than the maximum size for integers.
+** than the maximum size of integers.
 */
-static int getnumlimit (Header *h, const char **fmt, int df) {
+static unsigned getnumlimit (Header *h, const char **fmt, size_t df) {
-  int sz = getnum(fmt, df);
+  size_t sz = getnum(fmt, df);
-  if (l_unlikely(sz > MAXINTSIZE || sz <= 0))
+  if (l_unlikely((sz - 1u) >= MAXINTSIZE))
-    return luaL_error(h->L, "integral size (%d) out of limits [1,%d]",
+    return cast_uint(luaL_error(h->L,
-                            sz, MAXINTSIZE);
+               "integral size (%d) out of limits [1,%d]", sz, MAXINTSIZE));
-  return sz;
+  return cast_uint(sz);
 }
 
 
@@ -1485,7 +1495,7 @@ static void initheader (lua_State *L, Header *h) {
 /*
 ** Read and classify next option. 'size' is filled with option's size.
 */
-static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
+static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, size_t *size) {
   /* dummy structure to get native alignment requirements */
   struct cD { char c; union { LUAI_MAXALIGN; } u; };
   int opt = *((*fmt)++);
@@ -1507,8 +1517,8 @@ static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
     case 'I': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(int)); return Kuint;
     case 's': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(size_t)); return Kstring;
     case 'c':
-      *size = getnum(fmt, -1);
+      *size = getnum(fmt, cast_sizet(-1));
-      if (l_unlikely(*size == -1))
+      if (l_unlikely(*size == cast_sizet(-1)))
         luaL_error(h->L, "missing size for format option 'c'");
       return Kchar;
     case 'z': return Kzstr;
@@ -1519,7 +1529,7 @@ static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
     case '>': h->islittle = 0; break;
     case '=': h->islittle = nativeendian.little; break;
     case '!': {
-      const int maxalign = offsetof(struct cD, u);
+      const size_t maxalign = offsetof(struct cD, u);
       h->maxalign = getnumlimit(h, fmt, maxalign);
       break;
     }
@@ -1538,10 +1548,10 @@ static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
 ** the maximum alignment ('maxalign'). Kchar option needs no alignment
 ** despite its size.
 */
-static KOption getdetails (Header *h, size_t totalsize,
+static KOption getdetails (Header *h, size_t totalsize, const char **fmt,
-                           const char **fmt, int *psize, int *ntoalign) {
+                           size_t *psize, unsigned *ntoalign) {
   KOption opt = getoption(h, fmt, psize);
-  int align = *psize;  /* usually, alignment follows size */
+  size_t align = *psize;  /* usually, alignment follows size */
   if (opt == Kpaddalign) {  /* 'X' gets alignment from following option */
     if (**fmt == '\0' || getoption(h, fmt, &align) == Kchar || align == 0)
       luaL_argerror(h->L, 1, "invalid next option for option 'X'");
@@ -1551,9 +1561,15 @@ static KOption getdetails (Header *h, size_t totalsize,
   else {
     if (align > h->maxalign)  /* enforce maximum alignment */
       align = h->maxalign;
-    if (l_unlikely((align & (align - 1)) != 0))  /* not a power of 2? */
+    if (l_unlikely(!ispow2(align))) {  /* not a power of 2? */
+      *ntoalign = 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
       luaL_argerror(h->L, 1, "format asks for alignment not power of 2");
-    *ntoalign = (align - (int)(totalsize & (align - 1))) & (align - 1);
+    }
+    else {
+      /* 'szmoda' = totalsize % align */
+      unsigned szmoda = cast_uint(totalsize & (align - 1));
+      *ntoalign = cast_uint((align - szmoda) & (align - 1));
+    }
   }
   return opt;
 }
@@ -1566,9 +1582,9 @@ static KOption getdetails (Header *h, size_t totalsize,
 ** bytes if necessary (by default they would be zeros).
 */
 static void packint (luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Unsigned n,
-                     int islittle, int size, int neg) {
+                     int islittle, unsigned size, int neg) {
   char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(b, size);
-  int i;
+  unsigned i;
   buff[islittle ? 0 : size - 1] = (char)(n & MC);  /* first byte */
   for (i = 1; i < size; i++) {
     n >>= NB;
@@ -1587,7 +1603,7 @@ static void packint (luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Unsigned n,
 ** given 'islittle' is different from native endianness.
 */
 static void copywithendian (char *dest, const char *src,
-                            int size, int islittle) {
+                            unsigned size, int islittle) {
   if (islittle == nativeendian.little)
     memcpy(dest, src, size);
   else {
@@ -1608,8 +1624,11 @@ static int str_pack (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushnil(L);  /* mark to separate arguments from string buffer */
   luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
   while (*fmt != '\0') {
-    int size, ntoalign;
+    unsigned ntoalign;
+    size_t size;
     KOption opt = getdetails(&h, totalsize, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, size + ntoalign <= MAX_SIZE - totalsize, arg,
+                     "result too long");
     totalsize += ntoalign + size;
     while (ntoalign-- > 0)
      luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);  /* fill alignment */
@@ -1621,7 +1640,7 @@ static int str_pack (lua_State *L) {
           lua_Integer lim = (lua_Integer)1 << ((size * NB) - 1);
           luaL_argcheck(L, -lim <= n && n < lim, arg, "integer overflow");
         }
-        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, size, (n < 0));
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, cast_uint(size), (n < 0));
         break;
       }
       case Kuint: {  /* unsigned integers */
@@ -1629,7 +1648,7 @@ static int str_pack (lua_State *L) {
         if (size < SZINT)  /* need overflow check? */
           luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)n < ((lua_Unsigned)1 << (size * NB)),
                            arg, "unsigned overflow");
-        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, size, 0);
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, cast_uint(size), 0);
         break;
       }
       case Kfloat: {  /* C float */
@@ -1659,20 +1678,24 @@ static int str_pack (lua_State *L) {
       case Kchar: {  /* fixed-size string */
         size_t len;
         const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
-        luaL_argcheck(L, len <= (size_t)size, arg,
+        luaL_argcheck(L, len <= size, arg, "string longer than given size");
-                         "string longer than given size");
         luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);  /* add string */
-        while (len++ < (size_t)size)  /* pad extra space */
+        if (len < size) {  /* does it need padding? */
-          luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);
+          size_t psize = size - len;  /* pad size */
+          char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, psize);
+          memset(buff, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE, psize);
+          luaL_addsize(&b, psize);
+        }
         break;
       }
       case Kstring: {  /* strings with length count */
         size_t len;
         const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
-        luaL_argcheck(L, size >= (int)sizeof(size_t) ||
+        luaL_argcheck(L, size >= sizeof(lua_Unsigned) ||
-                         len < ((size_t)1 << (size * NB)),
+                         len < ((lua_Unsigned)1 << (size * NB)),
                          arg, "string length does not fit in given size");
-        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)len, h.islittle, size, 0);  /* pack length */
+        /* pack length */
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)len, h.islittle, cast_uint(size), 0);
         luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);
         totalsize += len;
         break;
@@ -1703,16 +1726,17 @@ static int str_packsize (lua_State *L) {
   size_t totalsize = 0;  /* accumulate total size of result */
   initheader(L, &h);
   while (*fmt != '\0') {
-    int size, ntoalign;
+    unsigned ntoalign;
+    size_t size;
     KOption opt = getdetails(&h, totalsize, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
     luaL_argcheck(L, opt != Kstring && opt != Kzstr, 1,
                      "variable-length format");
     size += ntoalign;  /* total space used by option */
-    luaL_argcheck(L, totalsize <= MAXSIZE - size, 1,
+    luaL_argcheck(L, totalsize <= MAX_SIZE - size,
-                     "format result too large");
+                     1, "format result too large");
     totalsize += size;
   }
-  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)totalsize);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, cast_st2S(totalsize));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1761,9 +1785,10 @@ static int str_unpack (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_argcheck(L, pos <= ld, 3, "initial position out of string");
   initheader(L, &h);
   while (*fmt != '\0') {
-    int size, ntoalign;
+    unsigned ntoalign;
+    size_t size;
     KOption opt = getdetails(&h, pos, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
-    luaL_argcheck(L, (size_t)ntoalign + size <= ld - pos, 2,
+    luaL_argcheck(L, ntoalign + size <= ld - pos, 2,
                     "data string too short");
     pos += ntoalign;  /* skip alignment */
     /* stack space for item + next position */
@@ -1772,8 +1797,8 @@ static int str_unpack (lua_State *L) {
     switch (opt) {
       case Kint:
       case Kuint: {
-        lua_Integer res = unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle, size,
+        lua_Integer res = unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle,
-                                       (opt == Kint));
+                                       cast_int(size), (opt == Kint));
         lua_pushinteger(L, res);
         break;
       }
@@ -1800,10 +1825,11 @@ static int str_unpack (lua_State *L) {
         break;
       }
       case Kstring: {
-        size_t len = (size_t)unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle, size, 0);
+        lua_Unsigned len = (lua_Unsigned)unpackint(L, data + pos,
+                                          h.islittle, cast_int(size), 0);
         luaL_argcheck(L, len <= ld - pos - size, 2, "data string too short");
-        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos + size, len);
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos + size, cast_sizet(len));
-        pos += len;  /* skip string */
+        pos += cast_sizet(len);  /* skip string */
         break;
       }
       case Kzstr: {
@@ -1820,7 +1846,7 @@ static int str_unpack (lua_State *L) {
     }
     pos += size;
   }
-  lua_pushinteger(L, pos + 1);  /* next position */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, cast_st2S(pos) + 1);  /* next position */
   return n + 1;
 }
 

lib/lua/ltable.h

@@ -20,11 +20,21 @@
 ** may have any of these metamethods. (First access that fails after the
 ** clearing will set the bit again.)
 */
-#define invalidateTMcache(t)	((t)->flags &= ~maskflags)
+#define invalidateTMcache(t)	((t)->flags &= cast_byte(~maskflags))
 
 
-/* true when 't' is using 'dummynode' as its hash part */
+/*
-#define isdummy(t)		((t)->lastfree == NULL)
+** Bit BITDUMMY set in 'flags' means the table is using the dummy node
+** for its hash part.
+*/
+
+#define BITDUMMY		(1 << 6)
+#define NOTBITDUMMY		cast_byte(~BITDUMMY)
+#define isdummy(t)		((t)->flags & BITDUMMY)
+
+#define setnodummy(t)		((t)->flags &= NOTBITDUMMY)
+#define setdummy(t)		((t)->flags |= BITDUMMY)
+
 
 
 /* allocated size for hash nodes */
@@ -35,24 +45,135 @@
 #define nodefromval(v)	cast(Node *, (v))
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key);
+
+#define luaH_fastgeti(t,k,res,tag) \
+  { Table *h = t; lua_Unsigned u = l_castS2U(k) - 1u; \
+    if ((u < h->asize)) { \
+      tag = *getArrTag(h, u); \
+      if (!tagisempty(tag)) { farr2val(h, u, tag, res); }} \
+    else { tag = luaH_getint(h, (k), res); }}
+
+
+#define luaH_fastseti(t,k,val,hres) \
+  { Table *h = t; lua_Unsigned u = l_castS2U(k) - 1u; \
+    if ((u < h->asize)) { \
+      lu_byte *tag = getArrTag(h, u); \
+      if (checknoTM(h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX) || !tagisempty(*tag)) \
+        { fval2arr(h, u, tag, val); hres = HOK; } \
+      else hres = ~cast_int(u); } \
+    else { hres = luaH_psetint(h, k, val); }}
+
+
+/* results from pset */
+#define HOK		0
+#define HNOTFOUND	1
+#define HNOTATABLE	2
+#define HFIRSTNODE	3
+
+/*
+** 'luaH_get*' operations set 'res', unless the value is absent, and
+** return the tag of the result.
+** The 'luaH_pset*' (pre-set) operations set the given value and return
+** HOK, unless the original value is absent. In that case, if the key
+** is really absent, they return HNOTFOUND. Otherwise, if there is a
+** slot with that key but with no value, 'luaH_pset*' return an encoding
+** of where the key is (usually called 'hres'). (pset cannot set that
+** value because there might be a metamethod.) If the slot is in the
+** hash part, the encoding is (HFIRSTNODE + hash index); if the slot is
+** in the array part, the encoding is (~array index), a negative value.
+** The value HNOTATABLE is used by the fast macros to signal that the
+** value being indexed is not a table.
+** (The size for the array part is limited by the maximum power of two
+** that fits in an unsigned integer; that is INT_MAX+1. So, the C-index
+** ranges from 0, which encodes to -1, to INT_MAX, which encodes to
+** INT_MIN. The size of the hash part is limited by the maximum power of
+** two that fits in a signed integer; that is (INT_MAX+1)/2. So, it is
+** safe to add HFIRSTNODE to any index there.)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** The array part of a table is represented by an inverted array of
+** values followed by an array of tags, to avoid wasting space with
+** padding. In between them there is an unsigned int, explained later.
+** The 'array' pointer points between the two arrays, so that values are
+** indexed with negative indices and tags with non-negative indices.
+
+             Values                              Tags
+  --------------------------------------------------------
+  ...  |   Value 1     |   Value 0     |unsigned|0|1|...
+  --------------------------------------------------------
+                                       ^ t->array
+
+** All accesses to 't->array' should be through the macros 'getArrTag'
+** and 'getArrVal'.
+*/
+
+/* Computes the address of the tag for the abstract C-index 'k' */
+#define getArrTag(t,k)	(cast(lu_byte*, (t)->array) + sizeof(unsigned) + (k))
+
+/* Computes the address of the value for the abstract C-index 'k' */
+#define getArrVal(t,k)	((t)->array - 1 - (k))
+
+
+/*
+** The unsigned between the two arrays is used as a hint for #t;
+** see luaH_getn. It is stored there to avoid wasting space in
+** the structure Table for tables with no array part.
+*/
+#define lenhint(t)	cast(unsigned*, (t)->array)
+
+
+/*
+** Move TValues to/from arrays, using C indices
+*/
+#define arr2obj(h,k,val)  \
+  ((val)->tt_ = *getArrTag(h,(k)), (val)->value_ = *getArrVal(h,(k)))
+
+#define obj2arr(h,k,val)  \
+  (*getArrTag(h,(k)) = (val)->tt_, *getArrVal(h,(k)) = (val)->value_)
+
+
+/*
+** Often, we need to check the tag of a value before moving it. The
+** following macros also move TValues to/from arrays, but receive the
+** precomputed tag value or address as an extra argument.
+*/
+#define farr2val(h,k,tag,res)  \
+  ((res)->tt_ = tag, (res)->value_ = *getArrVal(h,(k)))
+
+#define fval2arr(h,k,tag,val)  \
+  (*tag = (val)->tt_, *getArrVal(h,(k)) = (val)->value_)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key, TValue *res);
+
+/* Special get for metamethods */
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_Hgetshortstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_psetint (Table *t, lua_Integer key, TValue *val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_psetshortstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_psetstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_pset (Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *val);
+
 LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, lua_Integer key,
                                                     TValue *value);
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key);
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
                                                  TValue *value);
+
 LUAI_FUNC void luaH_finishset (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
-                                       const TValue *slot, TValue *value);
+                                              TValue *value, int hres);
 LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize,
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned nasize,
-                                                    unsigned int nhsize);
+                                                    unsigned nhsize);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_mem luaH_size (Table *t);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
-LUAI_FUNC lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (lua_State *L, Table *t);
-LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaH_realasize (const Table *t);
 
 
 #if defined(LUA_DEBUG)

lib/lua/ltablib.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -41,15 +42,17 @@ static int checkfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int n) {
 
 /*
 ** Check that 'arg' either is a table or can behave like one (that is,
-** has a metatable with the required metamethods)
+** has a metatable with the required metamethods).
 */
 static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {
-  if (lua_type(L, arg) != LUA_TTABLE) {  /* is it not a table? */
+  int tp = lua_type(L, arg);
+  if (tp != LUA_TTABLE) {  /* is it not a table? */
     int n = 1;  /* number of elements to pop */
     if (lua_getmetatable(L, arg) &&  /* must have metatable */
         (!(what & TAB_R) || checkfield(L, "__index", ++n)) &&
         (!(what & TAB_W) || checkfield(L, "__newindex", ++n)) &&
-        (!(what & TAB_L) || checkfield(L, "__len", ++n))) {
+        (!(what & TAB_L) ||  /* strings don't need '__len' to have a length */
+             tp == LUA_TSTRING || checkfield(L, "__len", ++n))) {
       lua_pop(L, n);  /* pop metatable and tested metamethods */
     }
     else
@@ -58,6 +61,16 @@ static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {
 }
 
 
+static int tcreate (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Unsigned sizeseq = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  lua_Unsigned sizerest = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, sizeseq <= cast_uint(INT_MAX), 1, "out of range");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, sizerest <= cast_uint(INT_MAX), 2, "out of range");
+  lua_createtable(L, cast_int(sizeseq), cast_int(sizerest));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
 static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
   lua_Integer pos;  /* where to insert new element */
   lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
@@ -193,10 +206,11 @@ static int tpack (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int tunpack (lua_State *L) {
   lua_Unsigned n;
+  lua_Integer len = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_R);
   lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
-  lua_Integer e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, 3, len);
   if (i > e) return 0;  /* empty range */
-  n = (lua_Unsigned)e - i;  /* number of elements minus 1 (avoid overflows) */
+  n = l_castS2U(e) - l_castS2U(i);  /* number of elements minus 1 */
   if (l_unlikely(n >= (unsigned int)INT_MAX  ||
                  !lua_checkstack(L, (int)(++n))))
     return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
@@ -220,41 +234,26 @@ static int tunpack (lua_State *L) {
 */
 
 
-/* type for array indices */
+/*
+** Type for array indices. These indices are always limited by INT_MAX,
+** so it is safe to cast them to lua_Integer even for Lua 32 bits.
+*/
 typedef unsigned int IdxT;
 
 
+/* Versions of lua_seti/lua_geti specialized for IdxT */
+#define geti(L,idt,idx)	lua_geti(L, idt, l_castU2S(idx))
+#define seti(L,idt,idx)	lua_seti(L, idt, l_castU2S(idx))
+
+
 /*
 ** Produce a "random" 'unsigned int' to randomize pivot choice. This
 ** macro is used only when 'sort' detects a big imbalance in the result
 ** of a partition. (If you don't want/need this "randomness", ~0 is a
 ** good choice.)
 */
-#if !defined(l_randomizePivot)		/* { */
+#if !defined(l_randomizePivot)
-
+#define l_randomizePivot(L)	luaL_makeseed(L)
-#include <time.h>
-
-/* size of 'e' measured in number of 'unsigned int's */
-#define sof(e)		(sizeof(e) / sizeof(unsigned int))
-
-/*
-** Use 'time' and 'clock' as sources of "randomness". Because we don't
-** know the types 'clock_t' and 'time_t', we cannot cast them to
-** anything without risking overflows. A safe way to use their values
-** is to copy them to an array of a known type and use the array values.
-*/
-static unsigned int l_randomizePivot (void) {
-  clock_t c = clock();
-  time_t t = time(NULL);
-  unsigned int buff[sof(c) + sof(t)];
-  unsigned int i, rnd = 0;
-  memcpy(buff, &c, sof(c) * sizeof(unsigned int));
-  memcpy(buff + sof(c), &t, sof(t) * sizeof(unsigned int));
-  for (i = 0; i < sof(buff); i++)
-    rnd += buff[i];
-  return rnd;
-}
-
 #endif					/* } */
 
 
@@ -263,8 +262,8 @@ static unsigned int l_randomizePivot (void) {
 
 
 static void set2 (lua_State *L, IdxT i, IdxT j) {
-  lua_seti(L, 1, i);
+  seti(L, 1, i);
-  lua_seti(L, 1, j);
+  seti(L, 1, j);
 }
 
 
@@ -301,15 +300,15 @@ static IdxT partition (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up) {
   /* loop invariant: a[lo .. i] <= P <= a[j .. up] */
   for (;;) {
     /* next loop: repeat ++i while a[i] < P */
-    while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
+    while ((void)geti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
-      if (l_unlikely(i == up - 1))  /* a[i] < P  but a[up - 1] == P  ?? */
+      if (l_unlikely(i == up - 1))  /* a[up - 1] < P == a[up - 1] */
         luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[i] */
     }
-    /* after the loop, a[i] >= P and a[lo .. i - 1] < P */
+    /* after the loop, a[i] >= P and a[lo .. i - 1] < P  (a) */
     /* next loop: repeat --j while P < a[j] */
-    while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
+    while ((void)geti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
-      if (l_unlikely(j < i))  /* j < i  but  a[j] > P ?? */
+      if (l_unlikely(j < i))  /* j <= i - 1 and a[j] > P, contradicts (a) */
         luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[j] */
     }
@@ -333,7 +332,7 @@ static IdxT partition (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up) {
 */
 static IdxT choosePivot (IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned int rnd) {
   IdxT r4 = (up - lo) / 4;  /* range/4 */
-  IdxT p = rnd % (r4 * 2) + (lo + r4);
+  IdxT p = (rnd ^ lo ^ up) % (r4 * 2) + (lo + r4);
   lua_assert(lo + r4 <= p && p <= up - r4);
   return p;
 }
@@ -342,14 +341,13 @@ static IdxT choosePivot (IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned int rnd) {
 /*
 ** Quicksort algorithm (recursive function)
 */
-static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned rnd) {
-                                   unsigned int rnd) {
   while (lo < up) {  /* loop for tail recursion */
     IdxT p;  /* Pivot index */
     IdxT n;  /* to be used later */
     /* sort elements 'lo', 'p', and 'up' */
-    lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
+    geti(L, 1, lo);
-    lua_geti(L, 1, up);
+    geti(L, 1, up);
     if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[lo]? */
       set2(L, lo, up);  /* swap a[lo] - a[up] */
     else
@@ -360,13 +358,13 @@ static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
       p = (lo + up)/2;  /* middle element is a good pivot */
     else  /* for larger intervals, it is worth a random pivot */
       p = choosePivot(lo, up, rnd);
-    lua_geti(L, 1, p);
+    geti(L, 1, p);
-    lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
+    geti(L, 1, lo);
     if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1))  /* a[p] < a[lo]? */
       set2(L, p, lo);  /* swap a[p] - a[lo] */
     else {
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[lo] */
-      lua_geti(L, 1, up);
+      geti(L, 1, up);
       if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[p]? */
         set2(L, p, up);  /* swap a[up] - a[p] */
       else
@@ -374,9 +372,9 @@ static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
     }
     if (up - lo == 2)  /* only 3 elements? */
       return;  /* already sorted */
-    lua_geti(L, 1, p);  /* get middle element (Pivot) */
+    geti(L, 1, p);  /* get middle element (Pivot) */
     lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push Pivot */
-    lua_geti(L, 1, up - 1);  /* push a[up - 1] */
+    geti(L, 1, up - 1);  /* push a[up - 1] */
     set2(L, p, up - 1);  /* swap Pivot (a[p]) with a[up - 1] */
     p = partition(L, lo, up);
     /* a[lo .. p - 1] <= a[p] == P <= a[p + 1 .. up] */
@@ -391,7 +389,7 @@ static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
       up = p - 1;  /* tail call for [lo .. p - 1]  (lower interval) */
     }
     if ((up - lo) / 128 > n) /* partition too imbalanced? */
-      rnd = l_randomizePivot();  /* try a new randomization */
+      rnd = l_randomizePivot(L);  /* try a new randomization */
   }  /* tail call auxsort(L, lo, up, rnd) */
 }
 
@@ -413,6 +411,7 @@ static int sort (lua_State *L) {
 
 static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
   {"concat", tconcat},
+  {"create", tcreate},
   {"insert", tinsert},
   {"pack", tpack},
   {"unpack", tunpack},

lib/lua/ltm.c

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
 ** tag methods
 */
 const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
-  const TValue *tm = luaH_getshortstr(events, ename);
+  const TValue *tm = luaH_Hgetshortstr(events, ename);
   lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
   if (notm(tm)) {  /* no tag method? */
     events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event);  /* cache this fact */
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
     default:
       mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)];
   }
-  return (mt ? luaH_getshortstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : &G(L)->nilvalue);
+  return (mt ? luaH_Hgetshortstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : &G(L)->nilvalue);
 }
 
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
   Table *mt;
   if ((ttistable(o) && (mt = hvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL) ||
       (ttisfulluserdata(o) && (mt = uvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL)) {
-    const TValue *name = luaH_getshortstr(mt, luaS_new(L, "__name"));
+    const TValue *name = luaH_Hgetshortstr(mt, luaS_new(L, "__name"));
     if (ttisstring(name))  /* is '__name' a string? */
       return getstr(tsvalue(name));  /* use it as type name */
   }
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
 }
 
 
-void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+lu_byte luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
-                     const TValue *p2, StkId res) {
+                        const TValue *p2, StkId res) {
   ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res);
   StkId func = L->top.p;
   setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
     luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 1);
   res = restorestack(L, result);
   setobjs2s(L, res, --L->top.p);  /* move result to its place */
+  return ttypetag(s2v(res));  /* return tag of the result */
 }
 
 
@@ -139,15 +140,16 @@ static int callbinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
   const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);  /* try first operand */
   if (notm(tm))
     tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);  /* try second operand */
-  if (notm(tm)) return 0;
+  if (notm(tm))
-  luaT_callTMres(L, tm, p1, p2, res);
+    return -1;  /* tag method not found */
-  return 1;
+  else  /* call tag method and return the tag of the result */
+    return luaT_callTMres(L, tm, p1, p2, res);
 }
 
 
 void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
                     StkId res, TMS event) {
-  if (l_unlikely(!callbinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event))) {
+  if (l_unlikely(callbinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event) < 0)) {
     switch (event) {
       case TM_BAND: case TM_BOR: case TM_BXOR:
       case TM_SHL: case TM_SHR: case TM_BNOT: {
@@ -164,11 +166,14 @@ void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
 }
 
 
+/*
+** The use of 'p1' after 'callbinTM' is safe because, when a tag
+** method is not found, 'callbinTM' cannot change the stack.
+*/
 void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L) {
-  StkId top = L->top.p;
+  StkId p1 = L->top.p - 2;  /* first argument */
-  if (l_unlikely(!callbinTM(L, s2v(top - 2), s2v(top - 1), top - 2,
+  if (l_unlikely(callbinTM(L, s2v(p1), s2v(p1 + 1), p1, TM_CONCAT) < 0))
-                               TM_CONCAT)))
+    luaG_concaterror(L, s2v(p1), s2v(p1 + 1));
-    luaG_concaterror(L, s2v(top - 2), s2v(top - 1));
 }
 
 
@@ -191,28 +196,12 @@ void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
 
 /*
 ** Calls an order tag method.
-** For lessequal, LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE keeps compatibility with old
-** behavior: if there is no '__le', try '__lt', based on l <= r iff
-** !(r < l) (assuming a total order). If the metamethod yields during
-** this substitution, the continuation has to know about it (to negate
-** the result of r<l); bit CIST_LEQ in the call status keeps that
-** information.
 */
 int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
                       TMS event) {
-  if (callbinTM(L, p1, p2, L->top.p, event))  /* try original event */
+  int tag = callbinTM(L, p1, p2, L->top.p, event);  /* try original event */
-    return !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top.p));
+  if (tag >= 0)  /* found tag method? */
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+    return !tagisfalse(tag);
-  else if (event == TM_LE) {
-      /* try '!(p2 < p1)' for '(p1 <= p2)' */
-      L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_LEQ;  /* mark it is doing 'lt' for 'le' */
-      if (callbinTM(L, p2, p1, L->top.p, TM_LT)) {
-        L->ci->callstatus ^= CIST_LEQ;  /* clear mark */
-        return l_isfalse(s2v(L->top.p));
-      }
-      /* else error will remove this 'ci'; no need to clear mark */
-  }
-#endif
   luaG_ordererror(L, p1, p2);  /* no metamethod found */
   return 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
 }
@@ -235,37 +224,141 @@ int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
 }
 
 
-void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, int nfixparams, CallInfo *ci,
+/*
-                         const Proto *p) {
+** Create a vararg table at the top of the stack, with 'n' elements
+** starting at 'f'.
+*/
+static void createvarargtab (lua_State *L, StkId f, int n) {
+  int i;
+  TValue key, value;
+  Table *t = luaH_new(L);
+  sethvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), t);
+  L->top.p++;
+  luaH_resize(L, t, cast_uint(n), 1);
+  setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, "n"));  /* key is "n" */
+  setivalue(&value, n);  /* value is n */
+  /* No need to anchor the key: Due to the resize, the next operation
+     cannot trigger a garbage collection */
+  luaH_set(L, t, &key, &value);  /* t.n = n */
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, s2v(f + i));
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** initial stack:  func arg1 ... argn extra1 ...
+**                 ^ ci->func                    ^ L->top
+** final stack: func nil ... nil extra1 ... func arg1 ... argn
+**                                          ^ ci->func
+*/
+static void buildhiddenargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p,
+                             int totalargs, int nfixparams, int nextra) {
   int i;
-  int actual = cast_int(L->top.p - ci->func.p) - 1;  /* number of arguments */
-  int nextra = actual - nfixparams;  /* number of extra arguments */
   ci->u.l.nextraargs = nextra;
   luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize + 1);
-  /* copy function to the top of the stack */
+  /* copy function to the top of the stack, after extra arguments */
   setobjs2s(L, L->top.p++, ci->func.p);
-  /* move fixed parameters to the top of the stack */
+  /* move fixed parameters to after the copied function */
   for (i = 1; i <= nfixparams; i++) {
     setobjs2s(L, L->top.p++, ci->func.p + i);
-    setnilvalue(s2v(ci->func.p + i));  /* erase original parameter (for GC) */
+    setnilvalue2s(ci->func.p + i);  /* erase original parameter (for GC) */
   }
-  ci->func.p += actual + 1;
+  ci->func.p += totalargs + 1;  /* 'func' now lives after hidden arguments */
-  ci->top.p += actual + 1;
+  ci->top.p += totalargs + 1;
-  lua_assert(L->top.p <= ci->top.p && ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
 }
 
 
-void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId where, int wanted) {
+void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p) {
-  int i;
+  int totalargs = cast_int(L->top.p - ci->func.p) - 1;
+  int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+  int nextra = totalargs - nfixparams;  /* number of extra arguments */
+  if (p->flag & PF_VATAB) {  /* does it need a vararg table? */
+    lua_assert(!(p->flag & PF_VAHID));
+    createvarargtab(L, ci->func.p + nfixparams + 1, nextra);
+    /* move table to proper place (last parameter) */
+    setobjs2s(L, ci->func.p + nfixparams + 1, L->top.p - 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* no table */
+    lua_assert(p->flag & PF_VAHID);
+    buildhiddenargs(L, ci, p, totalargs, nfixparams, nextra);
+    /* set vararg parameter to nil */
+    setnilvalue2s(ci->func.p + nfixparams + 1);
+    lua_assert(L->top.p <= ci->top.p && ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaT_getvararg (CallInfo *ci, StkId ra, TValue *rc) {
   int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
-  if (wanted < 0) {
+  lua_Integer n;
-    wanted = nextra;  /* get all extra arguments available */
+  if (tointegerns(rc, &n)) {  /* integral value? */
-    checkstackGCp(L, nextra, where);  /* ensure stack space */
+    if (l_castS2U(n) - 1 < cast_uint(nextra)) {
-    L->top.p = where + nextra;  /* next instruction will need top */
+      StkId slot = ci->func.p - nextra + cast_int(n) - 1;
+      setobjs2s(((lua_State*)NULL), ra, slot);
+      return;
+    }
   }
-  for (i = 0; i < wanted && i < nextra; i++)
+  else if (ttisstring(rc)) {  /* string value? */
-    setobjs2s(L, where + i, ci->func.p - nextra + i);
+    size_t len;
-  for (; i < wanted; i++)   /* complete required results with nil */
+    const char *s = getlstr(tsvalue(rc), len);
-    setnilvalue(s2v(where + i));
+    if (len == 1 && s[0] == 'n') {  /* key is "n"? */
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), nextra);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  setnilvalue2s(ra);  /* else produce nil */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the number of extra arguments in a vararg function. If vararg
+** table has been optimized away, that number is in the call info.
+** Otherwise, get the field 'n' from the vararg table and check that it
+** has a proper value (non-negative integer not larger than the stack
+** limit).
+*/
+static int getnumargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, Table *h) {
+  if (h == NULL)  /* no vararg table? */
+    return ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+  else {
+    TValue res;
+    if (luaH_getshortstr(h, luaS_new(L, "n"), &res) != LUA_VNUMINT ||
+        l_castS2U(ivalue(&res)) > cast_uint(INT_MAX/2))
+      luaG_runerror(L, "vararg table has no proper 'n'");
+    return cast_int(ivalue(&res));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get 'wanted' vararg arguments and put them in 'where'. 'vatab' is
+** the register of the vararg table or -1 if there is no vararg table.
+*/
+void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId where, int wanted,
+                                    int vatab) {
+  Table *h = (vatab < 0) ? NULL : hvalue(s2v(ci->func.p + vatab + 1));
+  int nargs = getnumargs(L, ci, h);  /* number of available vararg args. */
+  int i, touse;  /* 'touse' is minimum between 'wanted' and 'nargs' */
+  if (wanted < 0) {
+    touse = wanted = nargs;  /* get all extra arguments available */
+    checkstackp(L, nargs, where);  /* ensure stack space */
+    L->top.p = where + nargs;  /* next instruction will need top */
+  }
+  else
+    touse = (nargs > wanted) ? wanted : nargs;
+  if (h == NULL) {  /* no vararg table? */
+    for (i = 0; i < touse; i++)  /* get vararg values from the stack */
+      setobjs2s(L, where + i, ci->func.p - nargs + i);
+  }
+  else {  /* get vararg values from vararg table */
+    for (i = 0; i < touse; i++) {
+      lu_byte tag = luaH_getint(h, i + 1, s2v(where + i));
+      if (tagisempty(tag))
+       setnilvalue2s(where + i);
+    }
+  }
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)   /* complete required results with nil */
+    setnilvalue2s(where + i);
 }
 

lib/lua/ltm.h

@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ typedef enum {
 /*
 ** Mask with 1 in all fast-access methods. A 1 in any of these bits
 ** in the flag of a (meta)table means the metatable does not have the
-** corresponding metamethod field. (Bit 7 of the flag is used for
+** corresponding metamethod field. (Bit 6 of the flag indicates that
-** 'isrealasize'.)
+** the table is using the dummy node.)
 */
-#define maskflags	(~(~0u << (TM_EQ + 1)))
+#define maskflags	cast_byte(~(~0u << (TM_EQ + 1)))
 
 
 /*
@@ -60,11 +60,12 @@ typedef enum {
 */
 #define notm(tm)	ttisnil(tm)
 
+#define checknoTM(mt,e)	((mt) == NULL || (mt)->flags & (1u<<(e)))
 
-#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+#define gfasttm(g,mt,e)  \
-  ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+  (checknoTM(mt, e) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(mt, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
 
-#define fasttm(l,et,e)	gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+#define fasttm(l,mt,e)	gfasttm(G(l), mt, e)
 
 #define ttypename(x)	luaT_typenames_[(x) + 1]
 
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@ LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
 
 LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
                             const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f,
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f,
-                            const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, StkId p3);
+                               const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, StkId p3);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
                               StkId res, TMS event);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L);
@@ -94,10 +95,11 @@ LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
 LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
                                  int inv, int isfloat, TMS event);
 
-LUAI_FUNC void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, int nfixparams,
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, struct CallInfo *ci,
-                                   struct CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p);
+                                                 const Proto *p);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, struct CallInfo *ci,
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvararg (CallInfo *ci, StkId ra, TValue *rc);
-                                              StkId where, int wanted);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, struct CallInfo *ci, StkId where,
+                                              int wanted, int vatab);
 
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lua.c

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 #if !defined(LUA_PROGNAME)
@@ -29,6 +30,12 @@
 #define LUA_INIT_VAR		"LUA_INIT"
 #endif
 
+/* Name of the environment variable with the name of the readline library */
+#if !defined(LUA_RLLIB_VAR)
+#define LUA_RLLIB_VAR		"LUA_READLINELIB"
+#endif
+
+
 #define LUA_INITVARVERSION	LUA_INIT_VAR LUA_VERSUFFIX
 
 
@@ -200,12 +207,12 @@ static int dochunk (lua_State *L, int status) {
 
 
 static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
-  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadfile(L, name));
+  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadfilex(L, name, "bt"));
 }
 
 
 static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {
-  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name));
+  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, strlen(s), name, "t"));
 }
 
 
@@ -259,7 +266,7 @@ static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv) {
   const char *fname = argv[0];
   if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[-1], "--") != 0)
     fname = NULL;  /* stdin */
-  status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+  status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, "bt");
   if (status == LUA_OK) {
     int n = pushargs(L);  /* push arguments to script */
     status = docall(L, n, LUA_MULTRET);
@@ -302,7 +309,8 @@ static int collectargs (char **argv, int *first) {
       case '-':  /* '--' */
         if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters after '--'? */
           return has_error;  /* invalid option */
-        *first = i + 1;
+        /* if there is a script name, it comes after '--' */
+        *first = (argv[i + 1] != NULL) ? i + 1 : 0;
         return args;
       case '\0':  /* '-' */
         return args;  /* script "name" is '-' */
@@ -347,6 +355,7 @@ static int collectargs (char **argv, int *first) {
 */
 static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
   int i;
+  lua_warning(L, "@off", 0);  /* by default, Lua stand-alone has warnings off */
   for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
     int option = argv[i][1];
     lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');  /* already checked */
@@ -371,12 +380,21 @@ static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
 }
 
 
+static char *(*l_getenv)(const char *name);
+
+/* Function to ignore environment variables, used by option -E */
+static char *no_getenv (const char *name) {
+  UNUSED(name);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
 static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
   const char *name = "=" LUA_INITVARVERSION;
-  const char *init = getenv(name + 1);
+  const char *init = l_getenv(name + 1);
   if (init == NULL) {
     name = "=" LUA_INIT_VAR;
-    init = getenv(name + 1);  /* try alternative name */
+    init = l_getenv(name + 1);  /* try alternative name */
   }
   if (init == NULL) return LUA_OK;
   else if (init[0] == '@')
@@ -431,30 +449,97 @@ static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 /*
-** lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+** * lua_initreadline initializes the readline system.
-** the standard input.
+** * lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
-** lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+**   the standard input.
-** lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+** * lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+** * lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
 */
+
 #if !defined(lua_readline)	/* { */
+/* Otherwise, all previously listed functions should be defined. */
 
 #if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)	/* { */
+/* Lua will be linked with '-lreadline' */
 
 #include <readline/readline.h>
 #include <readline/history.h>
+
 #define lua_initreadline(L)	((void)L, rl_readline_name="lua")
-#define lua_readline(L,b,p)	((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_readline(buff,prompt)	((void)buff, readline(prompt))
-#define lua_saveline(L,line)	((void)L, add_history(line))
+#define lua_saveline(line)	add_history(line)
-#define lua_freeline(L,b)	((void)L, free(b))
+#define lua_freeline(line)	free(line)
 
-#else				/* }{ */
+#else		/* }{ */
+/* use dynamically loaded readline (or nothing) */
 
-#define lua_initreadline(L)  ((void)L)
+/* pointer to 'readline' function (if any) */
-#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+typedef char *(*l_readlineT) (const char *prompt);
-        ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout),  /* show prompt */ \
+static l_readlineT l_readline = NULL;
-        fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL)  /* get line */
+
-#define lua_saveline(L,line)	{ (void)L; (void)line; }
+/* pointer to 'add_history' function (if any) */
-#define lua_freeline(L,b)	{ (void)L; (void)b; }
+typedef void (*l_addhistT) (const char *string);
+static l_addhistT l_addhist = NULL;
+
+
+static char *lua_readline (char *buff, const char *prompt) {
+  if (l_readline != NULL)  /* is there a 'readline'? */
+    return (*l_readline)(prompt);  /* use it */
+  else {  /* emulate 'readline' over 'buff' */
+    fputs(prompt, stdout);
+    fflush(stdout);  /* show prompt */
+    return fgets(buff, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin);  /* read line */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void lua_saveline (const char *line) {
+  if (l_addhist != NULL)  /* is there an 'add_history'? */
+    (*l_addhist)(line);  /* use it */
+  /* else nothing to be done */
+}
+
+
+static void lua_freeline (char *line) {
+  if (l_readline != NULL)  /* is there a 'readline'? */
+    free(line);  /* free line created by it */
+  /* else 'lua_readline' used an automatic buffer; nothing to free */
+}
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN) && defined(LUA_READLINELIB)		/* { */
+/* try to load 'readline' dynamically */
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+static void lua_initreadline (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *rllib = l_getenv(LUA_RLLIB_VAR);  /* name of readline library */
+  void *lib;  /* library handle */
+  if (rllib == NULL)  /* no environment variable? */
+    rllib = LUA_READLINELIB;  /* use default name */
+  lib = dlopen(rllib, RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+  if (lib != NULL) {
+    const char **name = cast(const char**, dlsym(lib, "rl_readline_name"));
+    if (name != NULL)
+      *name = "lua";
+    l_readline = cast(l_readlineT, cast_func(dlsym(lib, "readline")));
+    l_addhist = cast(l_addhistT, cast_func(dlsym(lib, "add_history")));
+    if (l_readline != NULL)  /* could load readline function? */
+      return;  /* everything ok */
+    /* else emit a warning */
+  }
+  lua_warning(L, "unable to load readline library '", 1);
+  lua_warning(L, rllib, 1);
+  lua_warning(L, "'", 0);
+}
+
+#else		/* }{ */
+/* no dlopen or LUA_READLINELIB undefined */
+
+/* Leave pointers with NULL */
+#define lua_initreadline(L)	((void)L)
+
+#endif		/* } */
 
 #endif				/* } */
 
@@ -502,21 +587,17 @@ static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {
 */
 static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
   char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
-  char *b = buffer;
   size_t l;
   const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
-  int readstatus = lua_readline(L, b, prmt);
+  char *b = lua_readline(buffer, prmt);
   lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove prompt */
-  if (readstatus == 0)
+  if (b == NULL)
     return 0;  /* no input */
   l = strlen(b);
   if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n')  /* line ends with newline? */
     b[--l] = '\0';  /* remove it */
-  if (firstline && b[0] == '=')  /* for compatibility with 5.2, ... */
+  lua_pushlstring(L, b, l);
-    lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b + 1);  /* change '=' to 'return' */
+  lua_freeline(b);
-  else
-    lua_pushlstring(L, b, l);
-  lua_freeline(L, b);
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -528,34 +609,45 @@ static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
 static int addreturn (lua_State *L) {
   const char *line = lua_tostring(L, -1);  /* original line */
   const char *retline = lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s;", line);
-  int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, retline, strlen(retline), "=stdin");
+  int status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, retline, strlen(retline), "=stdin", "t");
-  if (status == LUA_OK) {
+  if (status == LUA_OK)
     lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove modified line */
-    if (line[0] != '\0')  /* non empty? */
-      lua_saveline(L, line);  /* keep history */
-  }
   else
-    lua_pop(L, 2);  /* pop result from 'luaL_loadbuffer' and modified line */
+    lua_pop(L, 2);  /* pop result from 'luaL_loadbufferx' and modified line */
   return status;
 }
 
 
+static void checklocal (const char *line) {
+  static const size_t szloc = sizeof("local") - 1;
+  static const char space[] = " \t";
+  line += strspn(line, space);  /* skip spaces */
+  if (strncmp(line, "local", szloc) == 0 &&  /* "local"? */
+      strchr(space, *(line + szloc)) != NULL) {  /* followed by a space? */
+    lua_writestringerror("%s\n",
+      "warning: locals do not survive across lines in interactive mode");
+  }
+}
+
+
 /*
-** Read multiple lines until a complete Lua statement
+** Read multiple lines until a complete Lua statement or an error not
+** for an incomplete statement. Start with first line already read in
+** the stack.
 */
 static int multiline (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);  /* get first line */
+  checklocal(line);
   for (;;) {  /* repeat until gets a complete statement */
-    size_t len;
+    int status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, line, len, "=stdin", "t");  /* try it */
-    const char *line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);  /* get what it has */
+    if (!incomplete(L, status) || !pushline(L, 0))
-    int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, line, len, "=stdin");  /* try it */
-    if (!incomplete(L, status) || !pushline(L, 0)) {
-      lua_saveline(L, line);  /* keep history */
       return status;  /* should not or cannot try to add continuation line */
-    }
     lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove error message (from incomplete line) */
     lua_pushliteral(L, "\n");  /* add newline... */
     lua_insert(L, -2);  /* ...between the two lines */
     lua_concat(L, 3);  /* join them */
+    line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);  /* get what is has */
   }
 }
 
@@ -567,12 +659,16 @@ static int multiline (lua_State *L) {
 ** in the top of the stack.
 */
 static int loadline (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *line;
   int status;
   lua_settop(L, 0);
   if (!pushline(L, 1))
     return -1;  /* no input */
   if ((status = addreturn(L)) != LUA_OK)  /* 'return ...' did not work? */
     status = multiline(L);  /* try as command, maybe with continuation lines */
+  line = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+  if (line[0] != '\0')  /* non empty? */
+    lua_saveline(line);  /* keep history */
   lua_remove(L, 1);  /* remove line from the stack */
   lua_assert(lua_gettop(L) == 1);
   return status;
@@ -617,6 +713,16 @@ static void doREPL (lua_State *L) {
 
 /* }================================================================== */
 
+#if !defined(luai_openlibs)
+#if defined(LUA_NODEBUGLIB)
+/* With this option, code must require the debug library before using it */
+#define luai_openlibs(L)  luaL_openselectedlibs(L, ~LUA_DBLIBK, LUA_DBLIBK)
+#else
+/* The default is to open all standard libraries */
+#define luai_openlibs(L)  luaL_openselectedlibs(L, ~0, 0)
+#endif
+#endif
+
 
 /*
 ** Main body of stand-alone interpreter (to be called in protected mode).
@@ -636,18 +742,19 @@ static int pmain (lua_State *L) {
   if (args & has_v)  /* option '-v'? */
     print_version();
   if (args & has_E) {  /* option '-E'? */
+    l_getenv = &no_getenv;  /* program will ignore environment variables */
     lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* signal for libraries to ignore env. vars. */
     lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
   }
-  luaL_openlibs(L);  /* open standard libraries */
+  else
+    l_getenv = &getenv;
+  luai_openlibs(L);  /* open standard libraries */
   createargtable(L, argv, argc, script);  /* create table 'arg' */
   lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART);  /* start GC... */
-  lua_gc(L, LUA_GCGEN, 0, 0);  /* ...in generational mode */
+  lua_gc(L, LUA_GCGEN);  /* ...in generational mode */
-  if (!(args & has_E)) {  /* no option '-E'? */
+  if (handle_luainit(L) != LUA_OK)  /* run LUA_INIT */
-    if (handle_luainit(L) != LUA_OK)  /* run LUA_INIT */
+    return 0;  /* error running LUA_INIT */
-      return 0;  /* error running LUA_INIT */
+  if (!runargs(L, argv, optlim))  /* execute arguments -e, -l, and -W */
-  }
-  if (!runargs(L, argv, optlim))  /* execute arguments -e and -l */
     return 0;  /* something failed */
   if (script > 0) {  /* execute main script (if there is one) */
     if (handle_script(L, argv + script) != LUA_OK)

lib/lua/lua.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 ** $Id: lua.h $
 ** Lua - A Scripting Language
-** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (www.lua.org)
 ** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
 */
 
@@ -13,22 +13,21 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 
-#include "luaconf.h"
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2026 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
-
-
-#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	"5"
-#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	"4"
-#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	"8"
-
-#define LUA_VERSION_NUM			504
-#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM		(LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + 8)
-
-#define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
-#define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
-#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2025 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
 #define LUA_AUTHORS	"R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"
 
 
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N	5
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N	5
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_N	1
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM  (LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N * 100 + LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N)
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM  (LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_N)
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
 /* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */
 #define LUA_SIGNATURE	"\x1bLua"
 
@@ -38,10 +37,10 @@
 
 /*
 ** Pseudo-indices
-** (-LUAI_MAXSTACK is the minimum valid index; we keep some free empty
+** (The stack size is limited to INT_MAX/2; we keep some free empty
-** space after that to help overflow detection)
+** space after that to help overflow detection.)
 */
-#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX	(-LUAI_MAXSTACK - 1000)
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX	(-(INT_MAX/2 + 1000))
 #define lua_upvalueindex(i)	(LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - (i))
 
 
@@ -81,9 +80,10 @@ typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
 
 
 /* predefined values in the registry */
-#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD	1
+/* index 1 is reserved for the reference mechanism */
 #define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS	2
-#define LUA_RIDX_LAST		LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS
+#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD	3
+#define LUA_RIDX_LAST		3
 
 
 /* type of numbers in Lua */
@@ -160,11 +160,10 @@ extern const char lua_ident[];
 /*
 ** state manipulation
 */
-LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud, unsigned seed);
 LUA_API void       (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API int        (lua_closethread) (lua_State *L, lua_State *from);
-LUA_API int        (lua_resetthread) (lua_State *L);  /* Deprecated! */
 
 LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
 
@@ -245,6 +244,8 @@ LUA_API void        (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API void        (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
 LUA_API void        (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
 LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushexternalstring) (lua_State *L,
+		const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud);
 LUA_API const char *(lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
 LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
                                                       va_list argp);
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ LUA_API void (lua_warning)  (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
 
 
 /*
-** garbage-collection function and options
+** garbage-collection options
 */
 
 #define LUA_GCSTOP		0
@@ -333,11 +334,28 @@ LUA_API void (lua_warning)  (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
 #define LUA_GCCOUNT		3
 #define LUA_GCCOUNTB		4
 #define LUA_GCSTEP		5
-#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE		6
+#define LUA_GCISRUNNING		6
-#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL	7
+#define LUA_GCGEN		7
-#define LUA_GCISRUNNING		9
+#define LUA_GCINC		8
-#define LUA_GCGEN		10
+#define LUA_GCPARAM		9
-#define LUA_GCINC		11
+
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection parameters
+*/
+/* parameters for generational mode */
+#define LUA_GCPMINORMUL		0  /* control minor collections */
+#define LUA_GCPMAJORMINOR	1  /* control shift major->minor */
+#define LUA_GCPMINORMAJOR	2  /* control shift minor->major */
+
+/* parameters for incremental mode */
+#define LUA_GCPPAUSE		3  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+#define LUA_GCPSTEPMUL		4  /* GC "speed" */
+#define LUA_GCPSTEPSIZE		5  /* GC granularity */
+
+/* number of parameters */
+#define LUA_GCPN		6
+
 
 LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, ...);
 
@@ -353,7 +371,9 @@ LUA_API int   (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API void  (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
 LUA_API void  (lua_len)    (lua_State *L, int idx);
 
-LUA_API size_t   (lua_stringtonumber) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+#define LUA_N2SBUFFSZ	64
+LUA_API unsigned  (lua_numbertocstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, char *buff);
+LUA_API size_t  (lua_stringtonumber) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
 
 LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
 LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
@@ -412,19 +432,12 @@ LUA_API void (lua_closeslot) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 ** compatibility macros
 ** ===============================================================
 */
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
-
-#define lua_pushunsigned(L,n)	lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)(n))
-#define lua_tounsignedx(L,i,is)	((lua_Unsigned)lua_tointegerx(L,i,is))
-#define lua_tounsigned(L,i)	lua_tounsignedx(L,(i),NULL)
-
-#endif
 
 #define lua_newuserdata(L,s)	lua_newuserdatauv(L,s,1)
 #define lua_getuservalue(L,idx)	lua_getiuservalue(L,idx,1)
 #define lua_setuservalue(L,idx)	lua_setiuservalue(L,idx,1)
 
-#define LUA_NUMTAGS		LUA_NUMTYPES
+#define lua_resetthread(L)	lua_closethread(L,NULL)
 
 /* }============================================================== */
 
@@ -470,7 +483,6 @@ LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (lua_State *L);
 
-LUA_API int (lua_setcstacklimit) (lua_State *L, unsigned int limit);
 
 struct lua_Debug {
   int event;
@@ -485,9 +497,10 @@ struct lua_Debug {
   unsigned char nups;	/* (u) number of upvalues */
   unsigned char nparams;/* (u) number of parameters */
   char isvararg;        /* (u) */
+  unsigned char extraargs;  /* (t) number of extra arguments */
   char istailcall;	/* (t) */
-  unsigned short ftransfer;   /* (r) index of first value transferred */
+  int ftransfer;   /* (r) index of first value transferred */
-  unsigned short ntransfer;   /* (r) number of transferred values */
+  int ntransfer;   /* (r) number of transferred values */
   char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
   /* private part */
   struct CallInfo *i_ci;  /* active function */
@@ -496,8 +509,19 @@ struct lua_Debug {
 /* }====================================================================== */
 
 
+#define LUAI_TOSTRAUX(x)	#x
+#define LUAI_TOSTR(x)		LUAI_TOSTRAUX(x)
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	LUAI_TOSTR(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N)
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	LUAI_TOSTR(LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N)
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	LUAI_TOSTR(LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_N)
+
+#define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
+
+
 /******************************************************************************
-* Copyright (C) 1994-2025 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2026 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

lib/lua/lua.hpp

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 // lua.hpp
 // Lua header files for C++
-// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+// 'extern "C" not supplied automatically in lua.h and other headers
-#ifdef __cplusplus
+// because Lua also compiles as C++
+
 extern "C" {
-#endif
 #include "lua.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
 #include "lauxlib.h"
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
 }
-#endif

lib/lua/luac.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "lua.h"
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 
+#include "lapi.h"
 #include "ldebug.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lopcodes.h"
@@ -346,6 +347,8 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
   int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
   int sb=GETARG_sB(i);
   int sc=GETARG_sC(i);
+  int vb=GETARG_vB(i);
+  int vc=GETARG_vC(i);
   int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
   int isk=GETARG_k(i);
   int line=luaG_getfuncline(f,pc);
@@ -427,8 +430,8 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
 	if (isk) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c); }
 	break;
    case OP_NEWTABLE:
-	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,vb,vc,ISK);
-	printf(COMMENT "%d",c+EXTRAARGC);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d",vc+EXTRAARGC);
 	break;
    case OP_SELF:
 	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
@@ -477,10 +480,10 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
 	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
 	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
 	break;
-   case OP_SHRI:
+   case OP_SHLI:
 	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
 	break;
-   case OP_SHLI:
+   case OP_SHRI:
 	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
 	break;
    case OP_ADD:
@@ -632,7 +635,7 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
 	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc-bx+2);
 	break;
    case OP_SETLIST:
-	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,vb,vc,ISK);
 	if (isk) printf(COMMENT "%d",c+EXTRAARGC);
 	break;
    case OP_CLOSURE:
@@ -640,10 +643,18 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
 	printf(COMMENT "%p",VOID(f->p[bx]));
 	break;
    case OP_VARARG:
-	printf("%d %d",a,c);
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
 	printf(COMMENT);
 	if (c==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",c-1);
 	break;
+   case OP_GETVARG:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_ERRNNIL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (bx==0) printf("?"); else PrintConstant(f,bx-1);
+	break;
    case OP_VARARGPREP:
 	printf("%d",a);
 	break;
@@ -661,7 +672,6 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
  }
 }
 
-
 #define SS(x)	((x==1)?"":"s")
 #define S(x)	(int)(x),SS(x)
 
@@ -679,7 +689,7 @@ static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
 	f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
 	S(f->sizecode),VOID(f));
  printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",
-	(int)(f->numparams),f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+	(int)(f->numparams),isvararg(f)?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
 	S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->sizeupvalues));
  printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",
 	S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));

lib/lua/luaconf.h

@@ -58,15 +58,28 @@
 #endif
 
 
+/*
+** When POSIX DLL ('LUA_USE_DLOPEN') is enabled, the Lua stand-alone
+** application will try to dynamically link a 'readline' facility
+** for its REPL.  In that case, LUA_READLINELIB is the name of the
+** library it will look for those facilities.  If lua.c cannot open
+** the specified library, it will generate a warning and then run
+** without 'readline'.  If that macro is not defined, lua.c will not
+** use 'readline'.
+*/
 #if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)
 #define LUA_USE_POSIX
 #define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* needs an extra library: -ldl */
+#if !defined(LUA_READLINELIB)
+#define LUA_READLINELIB		"libreadline.so"
+#endif
 #endif
 
 
 #if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)
 #define LUA_USE_POSIX
-#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* MacOS does not need -ldl */
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* macOS does not need -ldl */
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE	/* needs an extra library: -lreadline */
 #endif
 
 
@@ -76,6 +89,11 @@
 #endif
 
 
+#if defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#error "POSIX is not compatible with C89"
+#endif
+
+
 /*
 @@ LUAI_IS32INT is true iff 'int' has (at least) 32 bits.
 */
@@ -122,7 +140,7 @@
 /*
 @@ LUA_32BITS enables Lua with 32-bit integers and 32-bit floats.
 */
-#define LUA_32BITS	0
+/* #define LUA_32BITS */
 
 
 /*
@@ -137,7 +155,7 @@
 #endif
 
 
-#if LUA_32BITS		/* { */
+#if defined(LUA_32BITS)	/* { */
 /*
 ** 32-bit integers and 'float'
 */
@@ -208,17 +226,17 @@
 
 #if !defined(LUA_PATH_DEFAULT)
 #define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT  \
-		LUA_LDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_LDIR "?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR "?\\init.lua;" \
-		LUA_CDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_CDIR "?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR "?\\init.lua;" \
-		LUA_SHRDIR"?.lua;" LUA_SHRDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_SHRDIR "?.lua;"  LUA_SHRDIR "?\\init.lua;" \
 		".\\?.lua;" ".\\?\\init.lua"
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT)
 #define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
-		LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" \
+		LUA_CDIR "?.dll;" \
-		LUA_CDIR"..\\lib\\lua\\" LUA_VDIR "\\?.dll;" \
+		LUA_CDIR "..\\lib\\lua\\"  LUA_VDIR "\\?.dll;" \
-		LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll;" ".\\?.dll"
+		LUA_CDIR "loadall.dll;" ".\\?.dll"
 #endif
 
 #else			/* }{ */
@@ -229,14 +247,14 @@
 
 #if !defined(LUA_PATH_DEFAULT)
 #define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT  \
-		LUA_LDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+		LUA_LDIR "?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR "?/init.lua;" \
-		LUA_CDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+		LUA_CDIR "?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR "?/init.lua;" \
 		"./?.lua;" "./?/init.lua"
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT)
 #define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
-		LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so;" "./?.so"
+		LUA_CDIR "?.so;" LUA_CDIR "loadall.so;" "./?.so"
 #endif
 
 #endif			/* } */
@@ -303,32 +321,13 @@
 ** More often than not the libs go together with the core.
 */
 #define LUALIB_API	LUA_API
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+/* Lua uses the "C name" when calling open functions */
+#define LUAMOD_API	extern "C"
+#else
 #define LUAMOD_API	LUA_API
-
+#endif
-
-/*
-@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
-** exported to outside modules.
-@@ LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables,
-** none of which to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for
-** definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).
-** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc
-** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access
-** when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf targets support
-** this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer a way to check
-** whether the target offers that support, and those without support
-** give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings, change to the
-** default definition.
-*/
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
-    defined(__ELF__)		/* { */
-#define LUAI_FUNC	__attribute__((visibility("internal"))) extern
-#else				/* }{ */
-#define LUAI_FUNC	extern
-#endif				/* } */
-
-#define LUAI_DDEC(dec)	LUAI_FUNC dec
-#define LUAI_DDEF	/* empty */
 
 /* }================================================================== */
 
@@ -340,11 +339,12 @@
 */
 
 /*
-@@ LUA_COMPAT_5_3 controls other macros for compatibility with Lua 5.3.
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_GLOBAL avoids 'global' being a reserved word
-** You can define it to get all options, or change specific options
-** to fit your specific needs.
 */
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_5_3)	/* { */
+#if !defined(LUA_COMPAT_GLOBAL)
+#define LUA_COMPAT_GLOBAL	1
+#endif
+
 
 /*
 @@ LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB controls the presence of several deprecated
@@ -352,23 +352,7 @@
 ** (These functions were already officially removed in 5.3;
 ** nevertheless they are still available here.)
 */
-#define LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB
+/* #define LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB */
-
-/*
-@@ LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS controls the presence of macros for
-** manipulating other integer types (lua_pushunsigned, lua_tounsigned,
-** luaL_checkint, luaL_checklong, etc.)
-** (These macros were also officially removed in 5.3, but they are still
-** available here.)
-*/
-#define LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS
-
-
-/*
-@@ LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE controls the emulation of the '__le' metamethod
-** using '__lt'.
-*/
-#define LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE
 
 
 /*
@@ -385,8 +369,6 @@
 #define lua_equal(L,idx1,idx2)		lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPEQ)
 #define lua_lessthan(L,idx1,idx2)	lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPLT)
 
-#endif				/* } */
-
 /* }================================================================== */
 
 
@@ -405,35 +387,23 @@
 @@ l_floatatt(x) corrects float attribute 'x' to the proper float type
 ** by prefixing it with one of FLT/DBL/LDBL.
 @@ LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN is the length modifier for writing floats.
-@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing floats.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing floats with the maximum
-@@ lua_number2str converts a float to a string.
+** number of digits that respects tostring(tonumber(numeral)) == numeral.
+** (That would be floor(log10(2^n)), where n is the number of bits in
+** the float mantissa.)
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT_N is the format for writing floats with the minimum
+** number of digits that ensures tonumber(tostring(number)) == number.
+** (That would be LUA_NUMBER_FMT+2.)
 @@ l_mathop allows the addition of an 'l' or 'f' to all math operations.
 @@ l_floor takes the floor of a float.
 @@ lua_str2number converts a decimal numeral to a number.
 */
 
 
-/* The following definitions are good for most cases here */
+/* The following definition is good for most cases here */
 
 #define l_floor(x)		(l_mathop(floor)(x))
 
-#define lua_number2str(s,sz,n)  \
-	l_sprintf((s), sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)(n))
-
-/*
-@@ lua_numbertointeger converts a float number with an integral value
-** to an integer, or returns 0 if float is not within the range of
-** a lua_Integer.  (The range comparisons are tricky because of
-** rounding. The tests here assume a two-complement representation,
-** where MININTEGER always has an exact representation as a float;
-** MAXINTEGER may not have one, and therefore its conversion to float
-** may have an ill-defined value.)
-*/
-#define lua_numbertointeger(n,p) \
-  ((n) >= (LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
-   (n) < -(LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
-      (*(p) = (LUA_INTEGER)(n), 1))
-
 
 /* now the variable definitions */
 
@@ -447,6 +417,7 @@
 
 #define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	""
 #define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.7g"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT_N	"%.9g"
 
 #define l_mathop(op)		op##f
 
@@ -463,6 +434,7 @@
 
 #define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	"L"
 #define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.19Lg"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT_N	"%.21Lg"
 
 #define l_mathop(op)		op##l
 
@@ -477,7 +449,8 @@
 #define LUAI_UACNUMBER	double
 
 #define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	""
-#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.14g"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.15g"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT_N	"%.17g"
 
 #define l_mathop(op)		op
 
@@ -680,7 +653,7 @@
 */
 #if !defined(luai_likely)
 
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(LUA_NOBUILTIN)
+#if !defined(LUA_NOBUILTIN) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 3)
 #define luai_likely(x)		(__builtin_expect(((x) != 0), 1))
 #define luai_unlikely(x)	(__builtin_expect(((x) != 0), 0))
 #else
@@ -691,13 +664,6 @@
 #endif
 
 
-#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)
-/* shorter names for Lua's own use */
-#define l_likely(x)	luai_likely(x)
-#define l_unlikely(x)	luai_unlikely(x)
-#endif
-
-
 
 /* }================================================================== */
 
@@ -722,10 +688,7 @@
 @@ LUA_USE_APICHECK turns on several consistency checks on the C API.
 ** Define it as a help when debugging C code.
 */
-#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+/* #define LUA_USE_APICHECK */
-#include <assert.h>
-#define luai_apicheck(l,e)	assert(e)
-#endif
 
 /* }================================================================== */
 
@@ -738,26 +701,11 @@
 ** =====================================================================
 */
 
-/*
-@@ LUAI_MAXSTACK limits the size of the Lua stack.
-** CHANGE it if you need a different limit. This limit is arbitrary;
-** its only purpose is to stop Lua from consuming unlimited stack
-** space (and to reserve some numbers for pseudo-indices).
-** (It must fit into max(size_t)/32 and max(int)/2.)
-*/
-#if LUAI_IS32INT
-#define LUAI_MAXSTACK		1000000
-#else
-#define LUAI_MAXSTACK		15000
-#endif
-
-
 /*
 @@ LUA_EXTRASPACE defines the size of a raw memory area associated with
 ** a Lua state with very fast access.
 ** CHANGE it if you need a different size.
 */
-
 #define LUA_EXTRASPACE		(272)
 
 
@@ -777,10 +725,17 @@
 
 
 /*
-@@ LUAI_MAXALIGN defines fields that, when used in a union, ensure
+@@ LUAI_MAXALIGN defines fields that ensure proper alignment for
-** maximum alignment for the other items in that union.
+** memory areas offered by Lua (e.g., userdata memory).
+** Add fields to it if you need alignment for non-ISO objects.
 */
+#if defined(LLONG_MAX)
+/* use ISO C99 stuff */
+#define LUAI_MAXALIGN long double u; void *s; long long l
+#else
+/* use only C89 stuff */
 #define LUAI_MAXALIGN  lua_Number n; double u; void *s; lua_Integer i; long l
+#endif
 
 /* }================================================================== */
 
@@ -797,7 +752,5 @@
 
 
 
-
-
 #endif
 

lib/lua/lualib.h

@@ -14,39 +14,52 @@
 /* version suffix for environment variable names */
 #define LUA_VERSUFFIX          "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
 
-
+#define LUA_GLIBK		1
 LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
 
-#define LUA_COLIBNAME	"coroutine"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_TABLIBNAME	"table"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_IOLIBNAME	"io"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_OSLIBNAME	"os"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_STRLIBNAME	"string"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_UTF8LIBNAME	"utf8"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_utf8) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME	"math"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_DBLIBNAME	"debug"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
-
 #define LUA_LOADLIBNAME	"package"
+#define LUA_LOADLIBK	(LUA_GLIBK << 1)
 LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
 
 
-/* open all previous libraries */
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME	"coroutine"
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+#define LUA_COLIBK	(LUA_LOADLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME	"debug"
+#define LUA_DBLIBK	(LUA_COLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME	"io"
+#define LUA_IOLIBK	(LUA_DBLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME	"math"
+#define LUA_MATHLIBK	(LUA_IOLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME	"os"
+#define LUA_OSLIBK	(LUA_MATHLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME	"string"
+#define LUA_STRLIBK	(LUA_OSLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME	"table"
+#define LUA_TABLIBK	(LUA_STRLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_UTF8LIBNAME	"utf8"
+#define LUA_UTF8LIBK	(LUA_TABLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_utf8) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/* open selected libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openselectedlibs) (lua_State *L, int load, int preload);
+
+/* open all libraries */
+#define luaL_openlibs(L)	luaL_openselectedlibs(L, ~0, 0)
 
 
 #endif

lib/lua/lundump.c

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "lmem.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
 #include "lundump.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
 
@@ -34,6 +35,10 @@ typedef struct {
   lua_State *L;
   ZIO *Z;
   const char *name;
+  Table *h;  /* list for string reuse */
+  size_t offset;  /* current position relative to beginning of dump */
+  lua_Unsigned nstr;  /* number of strings in the list */
+  lu_byte fixed;  /* dump is fixed in memory */
 } LoadState;
 
 
@@ -47,11 +52,33 @@ static l_noret error (LoadState *S, const char *why) {
 ** All high-level loads go through loadVector; you can change it to
 ** adapt to the endianness of the input
 */
-#define loadVector(S,b,n)	loadBlock(S,b,(n)*sizeof((b)[0]))
+#define loadVector(S,b,n)	loadBlock(S,b,cast_sizet(n)*sizeof((b)[0]))
 
 static void loadBlock (LoadState *S, void *b, size_t size) {
   if (luaZ_read(S->Z, b, size) != 0)
     error(S, "truncated chunk");
+  S->offset += size;
+}
+
+
+static void loadAlign (LoadState *S, unsigned align) {
+  unsigned padding = align - cast_uint(S->offset % align);
+  if (padding < align) {  /* (padding == align) means no padding */
+    lua_Integer paddingContent;
+    loadBlock(S, &paddingContent, padding);
+    lua_assert(S->offset % align == 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+#define getaddr(S,n,t)	cast(t *, getaddr_(S,cast_sizet(n) * sizeof(t)))
+
+static const void *getaddr_ (LoadState *S, size_t size) {
+  const void *block = luaZ_getaddr(S->Z, size);
+  S->offset += size;
+  if (block == NULL)
+    error(S, "truncated fixed buffer");
+  return block;
 }
 
 
@@ -62,34 +89,36 @@ static lu_byte loadByte (LoadState *S) {
   int b = zgetc(S->Z);
   if (b == EOZ)
     error(S, "truncated chunk");
+  S->offset++;
   return cast_byte(b);
 }
 
 
-static size_t loadUnsigned (LoadState *S, size_t limit) {
+static lua_Unsigned loadVarint (LoadState *S, lua_Unsigned limit) {
-  size_t x = 0;
+  lua_Unsigned x = 0;
   int b;
   limit >>= 7;
   do {
     b = loadByte(S);
-    if (x >= limit)
+    if (x > limit)
       error(S, "integer overflow");
     x = (x << 7) | (b & 0x7f);
-  } while ((b & 0x80) == 0);
+  } while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
   return x;
 }
 
 
 static size_t loadSize (LoadState *S) {
-  return loadUnsigned(S, MAX_SIZET);
+  return cast_sizet(loadVarint(S, MAX_SIZE));
 }
 
 
 static int loadInt (LoadState *S) {
-  return cast_int(loadUnsigned(S, INT_MAX));
+  return cast_int(loadVarint(S, cast_sizet(INT_MAX)));
 }
 
 
+
 static lua_Number loadNumber (LoadState *S) {
   lua_Number x;
   loadVar(S, x);
@@ -98,58 +127,79 @@ static lua_Number loadNumber (LoadState *S) {
 
 
 static lua_Integer loadInteger (LoadState *S) {
-  lua_Integer x;
+  lua_Unsigned cx = loadVarint(S, LUA_MAXUNSIGNED);
-  loadVar(S, x);
+  /* decode unsigned to signed */
-  return x;
+  if ((cx & 1) != 0)
+    return l_castU2S(~(cx >> 1));
+  else
+    return l_castU2S(cx >> 1);
 }
 
 
 /*
-** Load a nullable string into prototype 'p'.
+** Load a nullable string into slot 'sl' from prototype 'p'. The
+** assignment to the slot and the barrier must be performed before any
+** possible GC activity, to anchor the string. (Both 'loadVector' and
+** 'luaH_setint' can call the GC.)
 */
-static TString *loadStringN (LoadState *S, Proto *p) {
+static void loadString (LoadState *S, Proto *p, TString **sl) {
   lua_State *L = S->L;
   TString *ts;
+  TValue sv;
   size_t size = loadSize(S);
-  if (size == 0)  /* no string? */
+  if (size == 0) {  /* previously saved string? */
-    return NULL;
+    lua_Unsigned idx = loadVarint(S, LUA_MAXUNSIGNED);  /* get its index */
-  else if (--size <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* short string? */
+    TValue stv;
-    char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN];
+    if (idx == 0) {  /* no string? */
-    loadVector(S, buff, size);  /* load string into buffer */
+      lua_assert(*sl == NULL);  /* must be prefilled */
-    ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, size);  /* create string */
+      return;
+    }
+    if (novariant(luaH_getint(S->h, l_castU2S(idx), &stv)) != LUA_TSTRING)
+      error(S, "invalid string index");
+    *sl = ts = tsvalue(&stv);  /* get its value */
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+    return;  /* do not save it again */
   }
-  else {  /* long string */
+  else if ((size -= 1) <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* short string? */
-    ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, size);  /* create string */
+    char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN + 1];  /* extra space for '\0' */
-    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);  /* anchor it ('loadVector' can GC) */
+    loadVector(S, buff, size + 1);  /* load string into buffer */
-    luaD_inctop(L);
+    *sl = ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, size);  /* create string */
-    loadVector(S, getlngstr(ts), size);  /* load directly in final place */
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
-    L->top.p--;  /* pop string */
   }
-  luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+  else if (S->fixed) {  /* for a fixed buffer, use a fixed string */
-  return ts;
+    const char *s = getaddr(S, size + 1, char);  /* get content address */
-}
+    *sl = ts = luaS_newextlstr(L, s, size, NULL, NULL);
-
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
-
+  }
-/*
+  else {  /* create internal copy */
-** Load a non-nullable string into prototype 'p'.
+    *sl = ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, size);  /* create string */
-*/
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
-static TString *loadString (LoadState *S, Proto *p) {
+    loadVector(S, getlngstr(ts), size + 1);  /* load directly in final place */
-  TString *st = loadStringN(S, p);
+  }
-  if (st == NULL)
+  /* add string to list of saved strings */
-    error(S, "bad format for constant string");
+  S->nstr++;
-  return st;
+  setsvalue(L, &sv, ts);
+  luaH_setint(L, S->h, l_castU2S(S->nstr), &sv);
+  luaC_objbarrierback(L, obj2gco(S->h), ts);
 }
 
 
 static void loadCode (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
   int n = loadInt(S);
-  f->code = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Instruction);
+  loadAlign(S, sizeof(f->code[0]));
-  f->sizecode = n;
+  if (S->fixed) {
-  loadVector(S, f->code, n);
+    f->code = getaddr(S, n, Instruction);
+    f->sizecode = n;
+  }
+  else {
+    f->code = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Instruction);
+    f->sizecode = n;
+    loadVector(S, f->code, n);
+  }
 }
 
 
-static void loadFunction(LoadState *S, Proto *f, TString *psource);
+static void loadFunction(LoadState *S, Proto *f);
 
 
 static void loadConstants (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
@@ -179,10 +229,16 @@ static void loadConstants (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
         setivalue(o, loadInteger(S));
         break;
       case LUA_VSHRSTR:
-      case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
-        setsvalue2n(S->L, o, loadString(S, f));
+        lua_assert(f->source == NULL);
+        loadString(S, f, &f->source);  /* use 'source' to anchor string */
+        if (f->source == NULL)
+          error(S, "bad format for constant string");
+        setsvalue2n(S->L, o, f->source);  /* save it in the right place */
+        f->source = NULL;
         break;
-      default: lua_assert(0);
+      }
+      default: error(S, "invalid constant");
     }
   }
 }
@@ -198,7 +254,7 @@ static void loadProtos (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     f->p[i] = luaF_newproto(S->L);
     luaC_objbarrier(S->L, f, f->p[i]);
-    loadFunction(S, f->p[i], f->source);
+    loadFunction(S, f->p[i]);
   }
 }
 
@@ -210,8 +266,8 @@ static void loadProtos (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
 ** in that case all prototypes must be consistent for the GC.
 */
 static void loadUpvalues (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
-  int i, n;
+  int i;
-  n = loadInt(S);
+  int n = loadInt(S);
   f->upvalues = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Upvaldesc);
   f->sizeupvalues = n;
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++)  /* make array valid for GC */
@@ -225,17 +281,29 @@ static void loadUpvalues (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
 
 
 static void loadDebug (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
-  int i, n;
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  if (S->fixed) {
+    f->lineinfo = getaddr(S, n, ls_byte);
+    f->sizelineinfo = n;
+  }
+  else {
+    f->lineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, ls_byte);
+    f->sizelineinfo = n;
+    loadVector(S, f->lineinfo, n);
+  }
   n = loadInt(S);
-  f->lineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, ls_byte);
+  if (n > 0) {
-  f->sizelineinfo = n;
+    loadAlign(S, sizeof(int));
-  loadVector(S, f->lineinfo, n);
+    if (S->fixed) {
-  n = loadInt(S);
+      f->abslineinfo = getaddr(S, n, AbsLineInfo);
-  f->abslineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, AbsLineInfo);
+      f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
-  f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
+    }
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    else {
-    f->abslineinfo[i].pc = loadInt(S);
+      f->abslineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, AbsLineInfo);
-    f->abslineinfo[i].line = loadInt(S);
+      f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
+      loadVector(S, f->abslineinfo, n);
+    }
   }
   n = loadInt(S);
   f->locvars = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, LocVar);
@@ -243,7 +311,7 @@ static void loadDebug (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
     f->locvars[i].varname = NULL;
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    f->locvars[i].varname = loadStringN(S, f);
+    loadString(S, f, &f->locvars[i].varname);
     f->locvars[i].startpc = loadInt(S);
     f->locvars[i].endpc = loadInt(S);
   }
@@ -251,23 +319,24 @@ static void loadDebug (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
   if (n != 0)  /* does it have debug information? */
     n = f->sizeupvalues;  /* must be this many */
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    f->upvalues[i].name = loadStringN(S, f);
+    loadString(S, f, &f->upvalues[i].name);
 }
 
 
-static void loadFunction (LoadState *S, Proto *f, TString *psource) {
+static void loadFunction (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
-  f->source = loadStringN(S, f);
-  if (f->source == NULL)  /* no source in dump? */
-    f->source = psource;  /* reuse parent's source */
   f->linedefined = loadInt(S);
   f->lastlinedefined = loadInt(S);
   f->numparams = loadByte(S);
-  f->is_vararg = loadByte(S);
+  /* get only the meaningful flags */
+  f->flag = cast_byte(loadByte(S) & ~PF_FIXED);
+  if (S->fixed)
+    f->flag |= PF_FIXED;  /* signal that code is fixed */
   f->maxstacksize = loadByte(S);
   loadCode(S, f);
   loadConstants(S, f);
   loadUpvalues(S, f);
   loadProtos(S, f);
+  loadString(S, f, &f->source);
   loadDebug(S, f);
 }
 
@@ -281,13 +350,29 @@ static void checkliteral (LoadState *S, const char *s, const char *msg) {
 }
 
 
-static void fchecksize (LoadState *S, size_t size, const char *tname) {
+static l_noret numerror (LoadState *S, const char *what, const char *tname) {
-  if (loadByte(S) != size)
+  const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s %s mismatch", tname, what);
-    error(S, luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s size mismatch", tname));
+  error(S, msg);
 }
 
 
-#define checksize(S,t)	fchecksize(S,sizeof(t),#t)
+static void checknumsize (LoadState *S, int size, const char *tname) {
+  if (size != loadByte(S))
+    numerror(S, "size", tname);
+}
+
+
+static void checknumformat (LoadState *S, int eq, const char *tname) {
+  if (!eq)
+    numerror(S, "format", tname);
+}
+
+
+#define checknum(S,tvar,value,tname)  \
+  { tvar i; checknumsize(S, sizeof(i), tname); \
+    loadVar(S, i); \
+    checknumformat(S, i == value, tname); }
+
 
 static void checkHeader (LoadState *S) {
   /* skip 1st char (already read and checked) */
@@ -297,38 +382,39 @@ static void checkHeader (LoadState *S) {
   if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_FORMAT)
     error(S, "format mismatch");
   checkliteral(S, LUAC_DATA, "corrupted chunk");
-  checksize(S, Instruction);
+  checknum(S, int, LUAC_INT, "int");
-  checksize(S, lua_Integer);
+  checknum(S, Instruction, LUAC_INST, "instruction");
-  checksize(S, lua_Number);
+  checknum(S, lua_Integer, LUAC_INT, "Lua integer");
-  if (loadInteger(S) != LUAC_INT)
+  checknum(S, lua_Number, LUAC_NUM, "Lua number");
-    error(S, "integer format mismatch");
-  if (loadNumber(S) != LUAC_NUM)
-    error(S, "float format mismatch");
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** Load precompiled chunk.
 */
-LClosure *luaU_undump(lua_State *L, ZIO *Z, const char *name) {
+LClosure *luaU_undump (lua_State *L, ZIO *Z, Table *anchor, const char *name,
+                       int fixed) {
   LoadState S;
   LClosure *cl;
   if (*name == '@' || *name == '=')
-    S.name = name + 1;
+    name = name + 1;
   else if (*name == LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
-    S.name = "binary string";
+    name = "binary string";
-  else
+  S.name = name;
-    S.name = name;
   S.L = L;
   S.Z = Z;
+  S.fixed = cast_byte(fixed);
+  S.offset = 1;  /* fist byte was already read */
   checkHeader(&S);
+  S.h = anchor;
+  S.nstr = 0;
   cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, loadByte(&S));
-  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top.p, cl);
+  luaD_anchorobj(L, anchor, obj2gco(cl));
-  luaD_inctop(L);
   cl->p = luaF_newproto(L);
   luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, cl->p);
-  loadFunction(&S, cl->p, NULL);
+  loadFunction(&S, cl->p);
-  lua_assert(cl->nupvalues == cl->p->sizeupvalues);
+  if (cl->nupvalues != cl->p->sizeupvalues)
+    error(&S, "corrupted chunk");
   luai_verifycode(L, cl->p);
   return cl;
 }

lib/lua/lundump.h

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #ifndef lundump_h
 #define lundump_h
 
+#include <limits.h>
+
 #include "llimits.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
@@ -15,18 +17,21 @@
 /* data to catch conversion errors */
 #define LUAC_DATA	"\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
 
-#define LUAC_INT	0x5678
+#define LUAC_INT	-0x5678
-#define LUAC_NUM	cast_num(370.5)
+#define LUAC_INST	0x12345678
+#define LUAC_NUM	cast_num(-370.5)
 
 /*
 ** Encode major-minor version in one byte, one nibble for each
 */
-#define LUAC_VERSION  (((LUA_VERSION_NUM / 100) * 16) + LUA_VERSION_NUM % 100)
+#define LUAC_VERSION	(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N*16+LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N)
 
 #define LUAC_FORMAT	0	/* this is the official format */
 
+
 /* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
-LUAI_FUNC LClosure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, const char* name);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Table *anchor,
+                                 const char* name, int fixed);
 
 /* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
 LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w,

lib/lua/lutf8lib.c

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include "lprefix.h"
 
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 #define MAXUNICODE	0x10FFFFu
@@ -28,15 +28,6 @@
 
 #define MSGInvalid	"invalid UTF-8 code"
 
-/*
-** Integer type for decoded UTF-8 values; MAXUTF needs 31 bits.
-*/
-#if (UINT_MAX >> 30) >= 1
-typedef unsigned int utfint;
-#else
-typedef unsigned long utfint;
-#endif
-
 
 #define iscont(c)	(((c) & 0xC0) == 0x80)
 #define iscontp(p)	iscont(*(p))
@@ -55,16 +46,18 @@ static lua_Integer u_posrelat (lua_Integer pos, size_t len) {
 ** Decode one UTF-8 sequence, returning NULL if byte sequence is
 ** invalid.  The array 'limits' stores the minimum value for each
 ** sequence length, to check for overlong representations. Its first
-** entry forces an error for non-ascii bytes with no continuation
+** entry forces an error for non-ASCII bytes with no continuation
 ** bytes (count == 0).
 */
-static const char *utf8_decode (const char *s, utfint *val, int strict) {
+static const char *utf8_decode (const char *s, l_uint32 *val, int strict) {
-  static const utfint limits[] =
+  static const l_uint32 limits[] =
-        {~(utfint)0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000u, 0x200000u, 0x4000000u};
+        {~(l_uint32)0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000u, 0x200000u, 0x4000000u};
   unsigned int c = (unsigned char)s[0];
-  utfint res = 0;  /* final result */
+  l_uint32 res = 0;  /* final result */
-  if (c < 0x80)  /* ascii? */
+  if (c < 0x80)  /* ASCII? */
     res = c;
+  else if (c >= 0xfe)  /* c >= 1111 1110b ? */
+    return NULL;  /* would need six or more continuation bytes */
   else {
     int count = 0;  /* to count number of continuation bytes */
     for (; c & 0x40; c <<= 1) {  /* while it needs continuation bytes... */
@@ -73,8 +66,9 @@ static const char *utf8_decode (const char *s, utfint *val, int strict) {
         return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
       res = (res << 6) | (cc & 0x3F);  /* add lower 6 bits from cont. byte */
     }
-    res |= ((utfint)(c & 0x7F) << (count * 5));  /* add first byte */
+    lua_assert(count <= 5);
-    if (count > 5 || res > MAXUTF || res < limits[count])
+    res |= ((l_uint32)(c & 0x7F) << (count * 5));  /* add first byte */
+    if (res > MAXUTF || res < limits[count])
       return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
     s += count;  /* skip continuation bytes read */
   }
@@ -111,7 +105,7 @@ static int utflen (lua_State *L) {
       lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* ... and current position */
       return 2;
     }
-    posi = s1 - s;
+    posi = ct_diff2S(s1 - s);
     n++;
   }
   lua_pushinteger(L, n);
@@ -141,11 +135,11 @@ static int codepoint (lua_State *L) {
   n = 0;  /* count the number of returns */
   se = s + pose;  /* string end */
   for (s += posi - 1; s < se;) {
-    utfint code;
+    l_uint32 code;
     s = utf8_decode(s, &code, !lax);
     if (s == NULL)
       return luaL_error(L, MSGInvalid);
-    lua_pushinteger(L, code);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(code));
     n++;
   }
   return n;
@@ -155,7 +149,7 @@ static int codepoint (lua_State *L) {
 static void pushutfchar (lua_State *L, int arg) {
   lua_Unsigned code = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
   luaL_argcheck(L, code <= MAXUTF, arg, "value out of range");
-  lua_pushfstring(L, "%U", (long)code);
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "%U", cast(unsigned long, code));
 }
 
 
@@ -181,14 +175,14 @@ static int utfchar (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 /*
-** offset(s, n, [i])  -> index where n-th character counting from
+** offset(s, n, [i])  -> indices where n-th character counting from
-**   position 'i' starts; 0 means character at 'i'.
+**   position 'i' starts and ends; 0 means character at 'i'.
 */
 static int byteoffset (lua_State *L) {
   size_t len;
   const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
   lua_Integer n  = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
-  lua_Integer posi = (n >= 0) ? 1 : len + 1;
+  lua_Integer posi = (n >= 0) ? 1 : cast_st2S(len) + 1;
   posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
   luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 3,
                    "position out of bounds");
@@ -200,28 +194,37 @@ static int byteoffset (lua_State *L) {
     if (iscontp(s + posi))
       return luaL_error(L, "initial position is a continuation byte");
     if (n < 0) {
-       while (n < 0 && posi > 0) {  /* move back */
+      while (n < 0 && posi > 0) {  /* move back */
-         do {  /* find beginning of previous character */
+        do {  /* find beginning of previous character */
-           posi--;
+          posi--;
-         } while (posi > 0 && iscontp(s + posi));
+        } while (posi > 0 && iscontp(s + posi));
-         n++;
+        n++;
-       }
+      }
-     }
+    }
-     else {
+    else {
-       n--;  /* do not move for 1st character */
+      n--;  /* do not move for 1st character */
-       while (n > 0 && posi < (lua_Integer)len) {
+      while (n > 0 && posi < (lua_Integer)len) {
-         do {  /* find beginning of next character */
+        do {  /* find beginning of next character */
-           posi++;
+          posi++;
-         } while (iscontp(s + posi));  /* (cannot pass final '\0') */
+        } while (iscontp(s + posi));  /* (cannot pass final '\0') */
-         n--;
+        n--;
-       }
+      }
-     }
+    }
   }
-  if (n == 0)  /* did it find given character? */
+  if (n != 0) {  /* did not find given character? */
-    lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);
-  else  /* no such character */
     luaL_pushfail(L);
-  return 1;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* initial position */
+  if ((s[posi] & 0x80) != 0) {  /* multi-byte character? */
+    if (iscont(s[posi]))
+      return luaL_error(L, "initial position is a continuation byte");
+    while (iscontp(s + posi + 1))
+      posi++;  /* skip to last continuation byte */
+  }
+  /* else one-byte character: final position is the initial one */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* 'posi' now is the final position */
+  return 2;
 }
 
 
@@ -235,12 +238,12 @@ static int iter_aux (lua_State *L, int strict) {
   if (n >= len)  /* (also handles original 'n' being negative) */
     return 0;  /* no more codepoints */
   else {
-    utfint code;
+    l_uint32 code;
     const char *next = utf8_decode(s + n, &code, strict);
     if (next == NULL || iscontp(next))
       return luaL_error(L, MSGInvalid);
-    lua_pushinteger(L, n + 1);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(n + 1));
-    lua_pushinteger(L, code);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(code));
     return 2;
   }
 }

lib/lua/lvm.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 typedef enum {
   F2Ieq,     /* no rounding; accepts only integral values */
   F2Ifloor,  /* takes the floor of the number */
-  F2Iceil    /* takes the ceil of the number */
+  F2Iceil    /* takes the ceiling of the number */
 } F2Imod;
 
 
@@ -76,38 +76,33 @@ typedef enum {
 
 
 /*
-** fast track for 'gettable': if 't' is a table and 't[k]' is present,
+** fast track for 'gettable'
-** return 1 with 'slot' pointing to 't[k]' (position of final result).
-** Otherwise, return 0 (meaning it will have to check metamethod)
-** with 'slot' pointing to an empty 't[k]' (if 't' is a table) or NULL
-** (otherwise). 'f' is the raw get function to use.
 */
-#define luaV_fastget(L,t,k,slot,f) \
+#define luaV_fastget(t,k,res,f, tag) \
-  (!ttistable(t)  \
+  (tag = (!ttistable(t) ? LUA_VNOTABLE : f(hvalue(t), k, res)))
-   ? (slot = NULL, 0)  /* not a table; 'slot' is NULL and result is 0 */  \
-   : (slot = f(hvalue(t), k),  /* else, do raw access */  \
-      !isempty(slot)))  /* result not empty? */
 
 
 /*
 ** Special case of 'luaV_fastget' for integers, inlining the fast case
 ** of 'luaH_getint'.
 */
-#define luaV_fastgeti(L,t,k,slot) \
+#define luaV_fastgeti(t,k,res,tag) \
-  (!ttistable(t)  \
+  if (!ttistable(t)) tag = LUA_VNOTABLE; \
-   ? (slot = NULL, 0)  /* not a table; 'slot' is NULL and result is 0 */  \
+  else { luaH_fastgeti(hvalue(t), k, res, tag); }
-   : (slot = (l_castS2U(k) - 1u < hvalue(t)->alimit) \
+
-              ? &hvalue(t)->array[k - 1] : luaH_getint(hvalue(t), k), \
+
-      !isempty(slot)))  /* result not empty? */
+#define luaV_fastset(t,k,val,hres,f) \
+  (hres = (!ttistable(t) ? HNOTATABLE : f(hvalue(t), k, val)))
+
+#define luaV_fastseti(t,k,val,hres) \
+  if (!ttistable(t)) hres = HNOTATABLE; \
+  else { luaH_fastseti(hvalue(t), k, val, hres); }
 
 
 /*
-** Finish a fast set operation (when fast get succeeds). In that case,
+** Finish a fast set operation (when fast set succeeds).
-** 'slot' points to the place to put the value.
 */
-#define luaV_finishfastset(L,t,slot,v) \
+#define luaV_finishfastset(L,t,v)	luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), v)
-    { setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *,slot), v); \
-      luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), v); }
 
 
 /*
@@ -125,10 +120,10 @@ LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointeger (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointegerns (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p,
                                 F2Imod mode);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaV_flttointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
-                               StkId val, const TValue *slot);
+                                                StkId val, lu_byte tag);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishset (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
-                               TValue *val, const TValue *slot);
+                                             TValue *val, int aux);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total);

lib/lua/lzio.c

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "lapi.h"
 #include "llimits.h"
 #include "lmem.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
@@ -45,17 +46,25 @@ void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
 
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+
+static int checkbuffer (ZIO *z) {
+  if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
+    if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
+      return 0;  /* no more input */
+    else {
+      z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
+      z->p--;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1;  /* now buffer has something */
+}
+
+
 size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
   while (n) {
     size_t m;
-    if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
+    if (!checkbuffer(z))
-      if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
+      return n;  /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
-        return n;  /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
-      else {
-        z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
-        z->p--;
-      }
-    }
     m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n;  /* min. between n and z->n */
     memcpy(b, z->p, m);
     z->n -= m;
@@ -66,3 +75,15 @@ size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
   return 0;
 }
 
+
+const void *luaZ_getaddr (ZIO* z, size_t n) {
+  const void *res;
+  if (!checkbuffer(z))
+    return NULL;  /* no more input */
+  if (z->n < n)  /* not enough bytes? */
+    return NULL;  /* block not whole; cannot give an address */
+  res = z->p;  /* get block address */
+  z->n -= n;  /* consume these bytes */
+  z->p += n;
+  return res;
+}

lib/lua/lzio.h

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ typedef struct Mbuffer {
 #define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff)	((buff)->buffsize)
 #define luaZ_bufflen(buff)	((buff)->n)
 
-#define luaZ_buffremove(buff,i)	((buff)->n -= (i))
+#define luaZ_buffremove(buff,i)	((buff)->n -= cast_sizet(i))
 #define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
 
 
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
                                         void *data);
 LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void *b, size_t n);	/* read next n bytes */
 
+LUAI_FUNC const void *luaZ_getaddr (ZIO* z, size_t n);
 
 
 /* --------- Private Part ------------------ */